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Book I. A Few Pages of History – Chapter three: Louis Philippe (第三章:路易-菲利普)

探索《悲惨世界》第3章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细IELTS词汇及解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读能力。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

革命有一副可怕的手臂和一只幸运的手,它们打击果断,选择精准。即使不完整,即使被贬低、滥用并降低到像1830年革命这样的次要革命状态,它们也几乎总是保留着足够的天赐洞察力,以免失手。它们的黯然失色绝非退位。

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debased /dɪˈbeɪst/
v. 降低(品质、价值);贬低
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abused /əˈbjuːzd/
v. 滥用;虐待
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providential /ˌprɒvɪˈdenʃəl/
adj. 天意的;幸运的
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lucidity /luːˈsɪdəti/
n. 清晰;明白
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eclipse /ɪˈklɪps/
n. (重要性、权力等的)丧失;日食/月食
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abdication /ˌæbdɪˈkeɪʃn/
n. 退位;放弃(责任)
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amiss /əˈmɪs/
adj. 出差错的;不恰当的
🔊 Nevertheless, let us not boast too loudly; revolutions also may be deceived, and grave errors have been seen.

然而,我们也不应过分夸口;革命也可能被骗,严重的错误也曾出现过。

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nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/
adv. 然而;不过
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boast /bəʊst/
v. 吹嘘;自夸
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deceived /dɪˈsiːvd/
v. 欺骗;蒙蔽
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grave /ɡreɪv/
adj. 严重的;重大的
🔊 Let us return to 1830. 1830, in its deviation, had good luck. In the establishment which entitled itself order after the revolution had been cut short, the King amounted to more than royalty. Louis Philippe was a rare man.

让我们回到1830年。1830年,在其偏离中,运气不错。在革命被遏制后自称为秩序的体制中,国王超越了王权。路易-菲利普是个罕见之人。

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deviation /ˌdiːviˈeɪʃn/
n. 偏离;偏差
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establishment /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/
n. 建立;机构;当权派
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entitled /ɪnˈtaɪtld/
v. 使有资格;命名
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amounted /əˈmaʊntɪd/
v. 总计;相当于
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royalty /ˈrɔɪəlti/
n. 王权;皇室
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rare /reər/
adj. 稀有的;罕见的
🔊 The son of a father to whom history will accord certain attenuating circumstances, but also as worthy of esteem as that father had been of blame; possessing all private virtues and many public virtues; careful of his health, of his fortune, of his person, of his affairs, knowing the value of a minute and not always the value of a year; sober, serene, peaceable, patient; a good man and a good prince; sleeping with his wife, and having in his palace lackeys charged with the duty of showing the conjugal bed to the bourgeois, an ostentation of the regular sleeping-apartment which had become useful after the former illegitimate displays of the elder branch; knowing all the languages of Europe, and, what is more rare, all the languages of all interests, and speaking them; an admirable representative of the "middle class," but outstripping it, and in every way greater than it; possessing excellent sense, while appreciating the blood from which he had sprung, counting most of all on his intrinsic worth, and, on the question of his race, very particular, declaring himself Orleans and not Bourbon; thoroughly the first Prince of the Blood Royal while he was still only a Serene Highness, but a frank bourgeois from the day he became king; diffuse in public, concise in private; reputed, but not proved to be a miser; at bottom, one of those economists who are readily prodigal at their own fancy or duty; lettered, but not very sensitive to letters; a gentleman, but not a chevalier; simple, calm, and strong; adored by his family and his household; a fascinating talker, an undeceived statesman, inwardly cold, dominated by immediate interest, always governing at the shortest range, incapable of rancor and of gratitude, making use without mercy of superiority on mediocrity, clever in getting parliamentary majorities to put in the wrong those mysterious unanimities which mutter dully under thrones; unreserved, sometimes imprudent in his lack of reserve, but with marvellous address in that imprudence; fertile in expedients, in countenances, in masks; making France fear Europe and Europe France!

他的父亲是一位历史会给予某些减轻罪责情由的人,而他自己既值得尊敬,如同其父理应受到责备;他拥有一切私德和许多公德;注意健康、财富、自身和事务,懂得一分钟的价值但并非总是懂得一年的价值;清醒、平静、平和、有耐心;是个好人和好王子;与妻子同寝,宫中设有仆役负责向资产阶级展示夫妻床,这是对正统婚姻床笫的一种炫耀,在长支先前非法的淫荡展示之后变得有用;懂得欧洲所有语言,更难得的是,懂得所有利益的语言,并用它们说话;是“中产阶级”的杰出代表,但又超越它,在各方面都比它更伟大;拥有卓越的判断力,同时珍视自己的血统,最看重内在价值,在种族问题上非常讲究,自称是奥尔良而非波旁;在他还只是殿下时已是十足的首席亲王,但成为国王后却成了坦率的资产阶级;在公共场合话多,私下里话少;被传言但未被证明吝啬;骨子里是那种随自己心意或责任而慷慨的经济学家;有学问,但对文学不太敏感;是绅士,但不是骑士;简朴、冷静、坚强;受家人和随从爱戴;谈吐迷人,是位清醒的政治家,内心冷漠,受眼前利益支配,总是以最短距离统治,不会记恨也不会感激,毫无怜悯地利用平庸之上的优势,善于让议会多数派去指责那些在宝座下低沉嘟囔的神秘一致意见;坦率,有时因不保留而轻率,但在那种轻率中却有着绝妙的机巧;富有策略、脸孔和面具;让法国惧怕欧洲,也让欧洲惧怕法国!

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attenuating /əˈtenjueɪtɪŋ/
v. 减轻;削弱
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conjugal /ˈkɒndʒəɡl/
adj. 婚姻的;夫妻的
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ostentation /ˌɒstenˈteɪʃn/
n. 炫耀;卖弄
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illegitimate /ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/
adj. 非法的;私生的
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sleeping-apartment /ˈsliːpɪŋ əˈpɑːtmənt/
n. 卧室
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outstripping /ˌaʊtˈstrɪpɪŋ/
v. 超越;胜过
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intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk/
adj. 内在的;固有的
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prodigal /ˈprɒdɪɡl/
adj. 挥霍的;慷慨的
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chevalier /ˌʃevəˈlɪər/
n. 骑士;爵士
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undeceived /ˌʌndɪˈsiːvd/
adj. 醒悟的;不再受骗的
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rancor /ˈræŋkər/
n. 怨恨;敌意
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mediocrity /ˌmiːdiˈɒkrəti/
n. 平庸;平凡
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parliamentary /ˌpɑːləˈmentri/
adj. 议会的;国会的
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unanimities /ˌjuːnəˈnɪmətiz/
n. 一致同意(复数)
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mutter /ˈmʌtər/
v. 咕哝;抱怨
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dully /ˈdʌli/
adv. 迟钝地;沉闷地
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thrones /θrəʊnz/
n. 王座;王位(复数)
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unreserved /ˌʌnrɪˈzɜːvd/
adj. 无保留的;坦率的
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imprudent /ɪmˈpruːdnt/
adj. 轻率的;鲁莽的
🔊
imprudence /ɪmˈpruːdns/
n. 轻率;鲁莽
🔊
expedients /ɪkˈspiːdiənts/
n. 权宜之计;应急手段
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countenances /ˈkaʊntɪnənsɪz/
n. 面容;表情(复数)
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masks /mɑːsks/
n. 面具;伪装(复数)
🔊
Blood Royal /blʌd ˈrɔɪəl/
n. 王室血统;王族
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Serene Highness /sɪˈriːn ˈhaɪnəs/
n. 殿下(尊称)
🔊 Incontestably fond of his country, but preferring his family; assuming more domination than authority and more authority than dignity, a disposition which has this unfortunate property, that as it turns everything to success, it admits of ruse and does not absolutely repudiate baseness, but which has this valuable side, that it preserves politics from violent shocks, the state from fractures, and society from catastrophes; minute, correct, vigilant, attentive, sagacious, indefatigable; contradicting himself at times and giving himself the lie; bold against Austria at Ancona, obstinate against England in Spain, bombarding Antwerp, and paying off Pritchard; singing the Marseillaise with conviction, inaccessible to despondency, to lassitude, to the taste for the beautiful and the ideal, to daring generosity, to Utopia, to chimaeras, to wrath, to vanity, to fear; possessing all the forms of personal intrepidity; a general at Valmy; a soldier at Jemappes; attacked eight times by regicides and always smiling. Brave as a grenadier, courageous as a thinker; uneasy only in the face of the chances of a European shaking up, and unfitted for great political adventures; always ready to risk his life, never his work; disguising his will in influence, in order that he might be obeyed as an intelligence rather than as a king; endowed with observation and not with divination; not very attentive to minds, but knowing men, that is to say requiring to see in order to judge; prompt and penetrating good sense, practical wisdom, easy speech, prodigious memory; drawing incessantly on this memory, his only point of resemblance with Caesar, Alexander, and Napoleon; knowing deeds, facts, details, dates, proper names, ignorant of tendencies, passions, the diverse geniuses of the crowd, the interior aspirations, the hidden and obscure uprisings of souls, in a word, all that can be designated as the invisible currents of consciences; accepted by the surface, but little in accord with France lower down; extricating himself by dint of tact; governing too much and not enough; his own first minister; excellent at creating out of the pettiness of realities an obstacle to the immensity of ideas; mingling a genuine creative faculty of civilization, of order and organization, an indescribable spirit of proceedings and chicanery, the founder and lawyer of a dynasty; having something of Charlemagne and something of an attorney; in short, a lofty and original figure, a prince who understood how to create authority in spite of the uneasiness of France, and power in spite of the jealousy of Europe.

无可争议地热爱他的国家,但更喜欢他的家族;追求统治多于权威,追求权威多于尊严,这种性情有这样一个不幸的特性:由于它将一切都转化为成功,它允许诡计且不完全排斥卑鄙,但它也有这样有价值的方面:它使政治免于剧烈震荡、国家免于分裂、社会免于灾祸;细致、正确、警惕、专注、敏锐、不知疲倦;有时自相矛盾且自食其言;在安科纳对奥地利大胆,在西班牙对英国固执,炮轰安特卫普,付钱给普里查德;真诚地唱着《马赛曲》,不受沮丧、厌倦、对美好和理想的爱好、大胆的慷慨、乌托邦、幻想、愤怒、虚荣、恐惧的影响;拥有各种形式的个人勇敢;在瓦尔密是将军;在热马普是士兵;八次被弑君者袭击,总是微笑。像掷弹兵一样勇敢,像思想家一样勇敢;只在欧洲动荡的可能性面前不安,不适合伟大的政治冒险;总是准备冒生命危险,从不冒事业风险;将自己的意志伪装成影响力,以便让人们像服从智识而非国王那样服从他;拥有观察力而非预见力;不太关注思想,但了解人,也就是说需要看见才能判断;敏锐而深刻的常识、实用的智慧、流畅的言谈、惊人的记忆力;不断运用这种记忆力,这是他唯一与恺撒、亚历山大一世和拿破仑相似之处;知道事迹、事实、细节、日期、专名,但不知道倾向、激情、人群的各种天才、内心的渴望、灵魂中隐藏而模糊的觉醒,总之,所有可称为良知的不可见潮流的东西;被表面接受,但与底层法国不太一致;凭借机巧摆脱困境;统治过多又不够;是他自己的首席大臣;善于用现实的琐碎来阻碍思想的宏大;融合了文明、秩序和组织的真正创造才能,一种难以形容的诉讼和诡辩精神,一个王朝的创立者和律师;同时具有某种查理曼和某种律师的特点;总之,一个崇高而独特的人物,一位懂得如何在法国的不安中创造权威、在欧洲的嫉妒中创造力量的王子。

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incontestably /ˌɪnkənˈtestəbli/
adv. 无可争议地
🔊
domination /ˌdɒmɪˈneɪʃn/
n. 统治;支配
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authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/
n. 权威;权力
🔊
disposition /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn/
n. 性情;倾向;安排
🔊
ruse /ruːz/
n. 诡计;计策
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repudiate /rɪˈpjuːdieɪt/
v. 拒绝;否认
🔊
baseness /ˈbeɪsnəs/
n. 卑鄙;低劣
🔊
catastrophes /kəˈtæstrəfiz/
n. 灾难(复数)
🔊
vigilant /ˈvɪdʒɪlənt/
adj. 警惕的;警觉的
🔊
sagacious /səˈɡeɪʃəs/
adj. 睿智的;精明的
🔊
indefatigable /ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbl/
adj. 不知疲倦的;不屈不挠的
🔊
obstinate /ˈɒbstɪnət/
adj. 顽固的;固执的
🔊
bombarding /bɒmˈbɑːdɪŋ/
v. 轰炸;炮击
🔊
conviction /kənˈvɪkʃn/
n. 信念;坚信
🔊
inaccessible /ˌɪnækˈsesəbl/
adj. 无法到达的;不可及的
🔊
despondency /dɪˈspɒndənsi/
n. 沮丧;失望
🔊
lassitude /ˈlæsɪtjuːd/
n. 疲乏;倦怠
🔊
Utopia /juːˈtəʊpiə/
n. 乌托邦;理想国
🔊
chimaeras /kaɪˈmɪərəz/
n. 幻想;虚构(复数)
🔊
wrath /rɒθ/
n. 愤怒;狂怒
🔊
vanity /ˈvænəti/
n. 虚荣;自负
🔊
intrepidity /ˌɪntrɪˈpɪdəti/
n. 无畏;勇敢
🔊
regicides /ˈredʒɪsaɪdz/
n. 弑君者(复数)
🔊
grenadier /ˌɡrenəˈdɪər/
n. 掷弹兵;精锐士兵
🔊
uneasiness /ʌnˈiːzinəs/
n. 不安;忧虑
🔊
disguising /dɪsˈɡaɪzɪŋ/
v. 伪装;掩饰
🔊
endowed /ɪnˈdaʊd/
v. 赋予;捐赠
🔊
divination /ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃn/
n. 占卜;预言
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prodigious /prəˈdɪdʒəs/
adj. 巨大的;惊人的
🔊
incessantly /ɪnˈsesntli/
adv. 不间断地;持续地
🔊
resemblance /rɪˈzembləns/
n. 相似;相似之处
🔊
tendencies /ˈtendənsiz/
n. 趋势;倾向(复数)
🔊
aspirations /ˌæspəˈreɪʃnz/
n. 抱负;渴望(复数)
🔊
obscure /əbˈskjʊər/
adj. 模糊的;晦涩的
🔊
designated /ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd/
v. 指定;标出
🔊
invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəbl/
adj. 看不见的;无形的
🔊
extricating /ˈekstrɪkeɪtɪŋ/
v. 摆脱;解脱
🔊
pettiness /ˈpetinəs/
n. 琐碎;小气
🔊
immensity /ɪˈmensəti/
n. 巨大;无限
🔊
mingling /ˈmɪŋɡlɪŋ/
v. 混合;混杂
🔊
genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/
adj. 真正的;真诚的
🔊
indescribable /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbl/
adj. 难以形容的;无法描述的
🔊
chicanery /ʃɪˈkeɪnəri/
n. 诡辩;欺骗
🔊
dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/
n. 王朝;朝代
🔊
attorney /əˈtɜːni/
n. 律师;代理人
🔊
lofty /ˈlɒfti/
adj. 崇高的;高耸的
🔊
jealousy /ˈdʒeləsi/
n. 嫉妒;妒忌

路易-菲利普将被列入他那个时代的杰出人物之列,如果他稍加热爱荣誉,并且对伟大的感觉如同对有益的感觉一样强烈,他本可以被视为历史上最杰出的统治者之一。

🔊
eminent /ˈemɪnənt/
adj. 杰出的;显赫的
🔊
illustrious /ɪˈlʌstriəs/
adj. 杰出的;著名的
🔊
sentiment /ˈsentɪmənt/
n. 情感;情绪

路易-菲利普年轻时英俊,年老时仍保持优雅;并非总是得到全体国民的认可,但总是得到大众的喜爱;他拥有迷人的天赋。他缺乏威严;他不戴王冠,尽管是国王;没有白发,尽管是老人;他的举止属于旧制度,习惯属于新制度;是贵族与资产阶级的混合,正好适合1830年;路易-菲利普是过渡时期的君主;他保留了古老的发音和拼写,并用它们为现代观点服务;他热爱波兰和匈牙利,但写作“les Polonois”,发音为“les Hongrais”。他穿着国民卫队的制服,就像查理十世一样,佩戴着荣誉军团勋章的绶带,就像拿破仑一样。

🔊
graceful /ˈɡreɪsfl/
adj. 优雅的;优美的
🔊
charming /ˈtʃɑːmɪŋ/
adj. 迷人的;令人陶醉的
🔊
majesty /ˈmædʒəsti/
n. 威严;壮丽;陛下
🔊
regime /reɪˈʒiːm/
n. 政体;政权;制度
🔊
transition /trænˈzɪʃn/
n. 过渡;转变
🔊
reigning /ˈreɪnɪŋ/
v. 统治;在位
🔊
orthography /ɔːˈθɒɡrəfi/
n. 拼写法;正字法
🔊 He went a little to chapel, not at all to the chase, never to the opera. Incorruptible by sacristans, by whippers-in, by ballet-dancers; this made a part of his bourgeois popularity. He had no heart. He went out with his umbrella under his arm, and this umbrella long formed a part of his aureole. He was a bit of a mason, a bit of a gardener, something of a doctor; he bled a postilion who had tumbled from his horse; Louis Philippe no more went about without his lancet, than did Henri IV without his poniard. The Royalists jeered at this ridiculous king, the first who had ever shed blood with the object of healing.

他偶尔去教堂,从不去打猎,从不看歌剧。圣器管理人、猎犬管理员和芭蕾舞演员都无法腐蚀他;这构成了他资产阶级受欢迎的一部分。他没有心。他出门时胳膊下夹着雨伞,这把伞长期以来是他光环的一部分。他有点像个石匠,有点像个园丁,有点像个医生;他给一位从马上摔下来的骑手放血;路易-菲利普出门不带小刀,就像亨利四世不带匕首一样。保皇党人嘲笑这位可笑的国王,他是第一个以治愈为目的而流血的人。

🔊
incorruptible /ˌɪnkəˈrʌptəbl/
adj. 不受腐蚀的;廉洁的
🔊
sacristans /ˈsækrɪstənz/
n. 教堂司事(复数)
🔊
whippers-in /ˈwɪpəz ɪn/
n. (狩猎)管猎犬的人;鞭笞者(复数)
🔊
ballet-dancers /ˈbæleɪ ˈdɑːnsəz/
n. 芭蕾舞演员(复数)
🔊
aureole /ˈɔːriəʊl/
n. 光环;光晕
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mason /ˈmeɪsn/
n. 石匠;泥瓦匠
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postilion /pɒˈstɪljən/
n. (驿车)左马驭者
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tumbled /ˈtʌmbld/
v. 摔倒;翻滚
🔊
lancet /ˈlɑːnsɪt/
n. 手术刀;柳叶刀
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poniard /ˈpɒnjəd/
n. 匕首;短剑
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royalists /ˈrɔɪəlɪsts/
n. 保皇党人(复数)
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jeered /dʒɪəd/
v. 嘲笑;嘲弄
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ridiculous /rɪˈdɪkjʊləs/
adj. 可笑的;荒谬的
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healing /ˈhiːlɪŋ/
n. 愈合;治疗

对于针对路易-菲利普的不满,需要做一项扣除:有指控王权的,有指控统治的,有指控国王的;三个栏目加起来的总数各不相同。民主权利被剥夺,进步成为次要问题,街头抗议被暴力镇压,起义被武力镇压,特朗斯诺南街,军事法庭,真实国家被合法国家吸收,与三十万特权阶级平分--这是王权所为;比利时遭拒绝,阿尔及利亚被过于残酷地征服,就像英国人统治印度一样,野蛮多于文明,对阿卜杜勒·卡德尔背信弃义,布莱伊,收买多伊茨,给普里查德付钱--这是统治所为;更关注家族而非国家的政策--这是国王所为。

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grievances /ˈɡriːvənsɪz/
n. 不满;抱怨(复数)
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deduction /dɪˈdʌkʃn/
n. 扣除;推论
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confiscated /ˈkɒnfɪskeɪtɪd/
v. 没收;充公
🔊
repressed /rɪˈprest/
v. 压制;镇压
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insurrections /ˌɪnsəˈrekʃnz/
n. 起义;叛乱(复数)
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absorption /əbˈzɔːpʃn/
n. 吸收;合并
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privileged /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd/
adj. 有特权的;荣幸的
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harshly /ˈhɑːʃli/
adv. 严厉地;粗糙地
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barbarism /ˈbɑːbərɪzəm/
n. 野蛮;未开化
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breach /briːtʃ/
n. 违反;破坏;裂口
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domestic /dəˈmestɪk/
adj. 国内的;家庭的

由此可见,在做了适当的扣除后,国王的罪责减少了。这是他的一大缺点:他以法国的名义过于谦逊。

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modest /ˈmɒdɪst/
adj. 谦虚的;适中的
🔊 Whence arises this fault?

这个缺点从何而来?

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whence /wens/
adv. 从何处;为什么
🔊 We will state it.

我们将予以说明。

路易-菲利普过于像一位慈父般的国王;那种以建立王朝为目的的家庭孵化,害怕一切,不喜欢被干扰;因此过度胆怯,这让人民不满,他们有着七月十四日的民事传统和奥斯特利茨的军事传统。

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paternal /pəˈtɜːnl/
adj. 父亲的;父亲般的
🔊
incubation /ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn/
n. 孵化;酝酿;培育
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excessive /ɪkˈsesɪv/
adj. 过度的;极度的
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timidity /tɪˈmɪdəti/
n. 胆怯;羞怯
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displeasing /dɪsˈpliːzɪŋ/
adj. 令人不快的;使人生气的

此外,如果我们扣除必须首先履行的公共职责,那么路易-菲利普对家庭的深厚情感是家庭应得的。那个家庭群体值得钦佩。美德与才华并存。路易-菲利普的一个女儿,玛丽·德·奥尔良,将她的种族名字列入了艺术家之中,如同查理·德·奥尔良将之列入诗人之中。她从她的灵魂中雕出一座大理石像,命名为“圣女贞德”。路易-菲利普的两个女儿得到了梅特涅这样的赞美:“她们是难得一见的年轻人,更是前所未见的王子。”

🔊
moreover /mɔːˈrəʊvər/
adv. 而且;此外
🔊
deduct /dɪˈdʌkt/
v. 扣除;减去
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tenderness /ˈtendənəs/
n. 温柔;体贴
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deserved /dɪˈzɜːvd/
v. 应得;值得
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admiration /ˌædməˈreɪʃn/
n. 钦佩;赞赏
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dwelt /dwelt/
v. 居住;存在于
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elicited /ɪˈlɪsɪtɪd/
v. 引出;得出
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eulogium /juːˈləʊdʒiəm/
n. 颂词;赞美
🔊
rarely /ˈreəli/
adv. 很少;罕见地
🔊 This, without any dissimulation, and also without any exaggeration, is the truth about Louis Philippe.

这,毫无掩饰,也毫无夸张,就是关于路易-菲利普的真相。

🔊
dissimulation /dɪˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃn/
n. 掩饰;假装
🔊
exaggeration /ɪɡˌzædʒəˈreɪʃn/
n. 夸张;夸大
🔊 To be Prince Equality, to bear in his own person the contradiction of the Restoration and the Revolution, to have that disquieting side of the revolutionary which becomes reassuring in governing power, therein lay the fortune of Louis Philippe in 1830; never was there a more complete adaptation of a man to an event; the one entered into the other, and the incarnation took place. Louis Philippe is 1830 made man. Moreover, he had in his favor that great recommendation to the throne, exile. He had been proscribed, a wanderer, poor. He had lived by his own labor. In Switzerland, this heir to the richest princely domains in France had sold an old horse in order to obtain bread. At Reichenau, he gave lessons in mathematics, while his sister Adelaide did wool work and sewed. These souvenirs connected with a king rendered the bourgeoisie enthusiastic. He had, with his own hands, demolished the iron cage of Mont-Saint-Michel, built by Louis XI, and used by Louis XV. He was the companion of Dumouriez, he was the friend of Lafayette; he had belonged to the Jacobins' club; Mirabeau had slapped him on the shoulder; Danton had said to him: "Young man!" At the age of four and twenty, in '93, being then M. de Chartres, he had witnessed, from the depth of a box, the trial of Louis XVI, so well named "that poor tyrant." The blind clairvoyance of the Revolution, breaking royalty in the King and the King with royalty, did so almost without noticing the man in the fierce crushing of the idea, the vast storm of the Assembly-Tribunal, the public wrath interrogating, Capet not knowing what to reply, the alarming, stupefied vacillation by that royal head beneath that sombre breath, the relative innocence of all in that catastrophe, of those who condemned as well as of the man condemned--he had looked on those things, he had contemplated that giddiness; he had seen the centuries appear before the bar of the Assembly-Convention; he had beheld, behind Louis XVI, that unfortunate passerby who was made responsible, the terrible culprit, the monarchy, rise through the shadows; and there had lingered in his soul the respectful fear of these immense justices of the populace, which are almost as impersonal as the justice of God.

作为“平等亲王”,在自己身上承受着复辟时期与大革命的矛盾,具有革命那种令人不安的一面,但在统治权力中又变得令人放心--这就是路易-菲利普在1830年的幸运;再没有比这更完美的人与事的契合了;二者合而为一,化身实现。路易-菲利普就是1830年的化身。此外,他还有流亡这一巨大的王位推荐理由。他曾被放逐、流浪、贫困。他曾靠自己的劳动为生。在瑞士,这位法国最富有王族领地的继承人曾卖掉一匹老马以换取面包。在赖歇瑙,他教授数学,而他的妹妹阿黛拉伊德做羊毛活和针线活。这些与国王相关的回忆使资产阶级狂热。他曾亲手拆除了由路易十一建造、被路易十五使用过的圣米歇尔山的铁笼。他是迪穆里埃的同伴,是拉法耶特的朋友;他曾属于雅各宾派俱乐部;米拉波拍过他的肩膀;丹东对他说:“年轻人!”二十四岁时,在1793年,当时还是沙特尔先生的他,曾从包厢深处目睹了对路易十六的审判,这位被恰如其分地称为“可怜的暴君”的人。大革命盲目而清晰的洞察力,在国王身上和王权一起粉碎了王权,几乎没注意到那个在残酷的观念碾压中的人,那议会-法庭的巨大风暴,公众的愤怒质问,卡佩不知如何回答,那颗国王头颅在那股阴郁气息下惊人而茫然的摇晃,那场灾难中所有人的相对无辜,包括那些定罪者和被定罪者--他目睹了这些,凝视了那种眩晕;他看到了几个世纪出现在议会-国民公会的审判席前;他看到了在路易十六身后,那个不幸的替罪羊--可怕的罪魁--君主制,从黑暗中升起;于是他的灵魂中留下了对人民这种巨大正义的敬畏,这种正义几乎像上帝的正义一样非人格化。

🔊
contradiction /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkʃən/
n. 矛盾,对立
🔊
disquieting /dɪsˈkwaɪətɪŋ/
adj. 令人不安的,引起忧虑的
🔊
adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃən/
n. 适应;改编
🔊
incarnation /ˌɪnkɑːˈneɪʃən/
n. 化身;具体化
🔊
recommendation /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃən/
n. 推荐,建议
🔊
exile /ˈeksaɪl/
n. 流放,放逐;流亡者
🔊
proscribed /prəʊˈskraɪbd/
v. 被放逐;被禁止(proscribe的过去分词)
🔊
wanderer /ˈwɒndərə/
n. 流浪者,漫游者
🔊
heir /eə/
n. 继承人
🔊
princely /ˈprɪnsli/
adj. 王公的,王子般的;高贵的
🔊
domains /dəʊˈmeɪnz/
n. 领域;领土(domain的复数)
🔊
souvenirs /ˌsuːvəˈnɪəz/
n. 纪念品(souvenir的复数)
🔊
bourgeoisie /ˌbʊəʒwɑːˈziː/
n. 资产阶级
🔊
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/
adj. 热情的,热心的
🔊
demolished /dɪˈmɒlɪʃt/
v. 拆除,摧毁(demolish的过去分词)
🔊
companion /kəmˈpænjən/
n. 同伴,伙伴
🔊
clairvoyance /kleəˈvɔɪəns/
n. 超人的洞察力;千里眼
🔊
crushing /ˈkrʌʃɪŋ/
n. 压碎;压倒性的打击
🔊
interrogating /ɪnˈterəɡeɪtɪŋ/
v. 审问,询问(interrogate的现在分词)
🔊
alarming /əˈlɑːmɪŋ/
adj. 令人担忧的,惊动的
🔊
stupefied /ˈstjuːpɪfaɪd/
adj. 目瞪口呆的,惊呆的
🔊
vacillation /ˌvæsɪˈleɪʃən/
n. 犹豫不决,动摇
🔊
sombre /ˈsɒmbə/
adj. 忧郁的,昏暗的
🔊
innocence /ˈɪnəsəns/
n. 无辜,天真
🔊
catastrophe /kəˈtæstrəfi/
n. 灾难,大祸
🔊
condemned /kənˈdemd/
adj. 被定罪的;受谴责的
🔊
contemplated /ˈkɒntəmpleɪtɪd/
v. 沉思,仔细考虑(contemplate的过去式)
🔊
giddiness /ˈɡɪdinəs/
n. 眩晕,眼花
🔊
beheld /bɪˈheld/
v. 看见,注视(behold的过去式)
🔊
unfortunate /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənət/
adj. 不幸的,令人遗憾的
🔊
passerby /ˌpɑːsəˈbaɪ/
n. 路人,过路人
🔊
culprit /ˈkʌlprɪt/
n. 罪犯,肇事者
🔊
monarchy /ˈmɒnəki/
n. 君主制,君主国
🔊
lingered /ˈlɪŋɡəd/
v. 徘徊,逗留(linger的过去式)
🔊
respectful /rɪˈspektfəl/
adj. 尊敬的,恭敬的
🔊
immense /ɪˈmens/
adj. 巨大的,无边的
🔊
justices /ˈdʒʌstɪsɪz/
n. 正义;法官(justice的复数,此处指正义的力量)
🔊
populace /ˈpɒpjələs/
n. 平民,大众
🔊
impersonal /ɪmˈpɜːsənəl/
adj. 客观的;非个人的

大革命在他身上留下的痕迹是惊人的。对它的记忆就像那些伟大岁月逐分逐秒的鲜活印记。有一天,在他不容怀疑的见证人面前,他凭借记忆纠正了制宪议会名单中整个字母A的部分。

🔊
imprint /ˈɪmprɪnt/
n. 印记;深刻印象
🔊
rectified /ˈrektɪfaɪd/
v. 纠正,修正(rectify的过去分词)
🔊
alphabetical /ˌælfəˈbetɪkəl/
adj. 按字母顺序的
🔊
Constituent /kənˈstɪtʃuənt/
adj. 组成的;有选举权的

路易-菲利普是一位光天化日之下的国王。在他统治期间,新闻自由、论坛自由、良心和言论自由。九月法令是公开的。虽然他充分意识到光对特权的侵蚀力量,但他仍将王位暴露在光下。历史将因这种忠诚而公正地对待他。

🔊
reigned /reɪnd/
v. 统治(reign的过去式)
🔊
tribune /ˈtrɪbjuːn/
n. 讲坛;护民官
🔊
conscience /ˈkɒnʃəns/
n. 良心,良知
🔊
speech /spiːtʃ/
n. 言论;演讲
🔊
gnawing /ˈnɔːɪŋ/
adj. 令人痛苦的;啃咬的
🔊
privileges /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒɪz/
n. 特权(privilege的复数)
🔊
exposed /ɪkˈspəʊzd/
adj. 暴露的;无保护的
🔊
loyalty /ˈlɔɪəlti/
n. 忠诚,忠心

路易-菲利普,像所有已退出舞台的历史人物一样,今天正受到人类良知的审判。他的案子目前还仅在下级法院。

🔊
historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkəl/
adj. 历史的,基于历史的

历史以其自由而庄严的口吻说话的时刻,对他而言尚未到来;对此王做出最终裁决的时刻还未到;严厉而杰出的历史学家路易·勃朗本人最近也缓和了他最初的判决;路易-菲利普是由被称为221和1830的两个“几乎”选出的,即半个议会和半场革命;无论如何,从哲学必须采取的更高观点来看,我们在此不能对他做出评判,正如读者以上所见,除非以绝对民主原则的名义保留某些意见;在绝对的眼中,除了这两项权利--首先是人的权利,其次是人民的权利--之外,一切都是篡权;但即使在今天,我们可以说的是,在做了这些保留之后,总的来说,无论人们如何看待他,路易-菲利普,就他自身而言,从人类善良的角度来看,用古代历史的古老语言来说,将仍然是坐过王座的最优秀王子之一。

🔊
venerable /ˈvenərəbəl/
adj. 令人尊敬的,古老的
🔊
pronounce /prəˈnaʊns/
v. 宣告;发音
🔊
definite /ˈdefɪnət/
adj. 明确的,确切的
🔊
judgment /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/
n. 判断;判决
🔊
austere /ɒˈstɪə/
adj. 简朴的;严厉的
🔊
softened /ˈsɒfənd/
v. 软化,变温和(soften的过去分词)
🔊
verdict /ˈvɜːdɪkt/
n. 裁决,结论
🔊
elected /ɪˈlektɪd/
v. 选举(elect的过去分词)
🔊
superior /suːˈpɪəriə/
adj. 优越的,上级的
🔊
philosophy /fɪˈlɒsəfi/
n. 哲学;人生观
🔊
reservations /ˌrezəˈveɪʃənz/
n. 保留意见;预订(reservation的复数)
🔊
absolute /ˈæbsəluːt/
adj. 绝对的,完全的
🔊
democratic /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/
adj. 民主的
🔊
principle /ˈprɪnsəpəl/
n. 原则,原理
🔊
usurpation /ˌjuːzɜːˈpeɪʃən/
n. 篡夺,侵权
🔊
antique /ænˈtiːk/
adj. 古老的,古董的
🔊
ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/
adj. 古代的,古老的
🔊
historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/
n. 历史学家
🔊 What is there against him? That throne. Take away Louis Philippe the king, there remains the man. And the man is good. He is good at times even to the point of being admirable. Often, in the midst of his gravest souvenirs, after a day of conflict with the whole diplomacy of the continent, he returned at night to his apartments, and there, exhausted with fatigue, overwhelmed with sleep, what did he do? He took a death sentence and passed the night in revising a criminal suit, considering it something to hold his own against Europe, but that it was a still greater matter to rescue a man from the executioner. He obstinately maintained his opinion against his keeper of the seals; he disputed the ground with the guillotine foot by foot against the crown attorneys, those "chatterers of the law," as he called them. Sometimes the pile of sentences covered his table; he examined them all; it was anguish to him to abandon these miserable, condemned heads. One day, he said to the same witness to whom we have recently referred: "I won seven last night." During the early years of his reign, the death penalty was as good as abolished, and the erection of a scaffold was a violence committed against the King. The Greve having disappeared with the elder branch, a bourgeois place of execution was instituted under the name of the Barriere-Saint-Jacques; "practical men" felt the necessity of a quasi-legitimate guillotine; and this was one of the victories of Casimir Perier, who represented the narrow sides of the bourgeoisie, over Louis Philippe, who represented its liberal sides. Louis Philippe annotated Beccaria with his own hand. After the Fieschi machine, he exclaimed: "What a pity that I was not wounded! Then I might have pardoned!" On another occasion, alluding to the resistance offered by his ministry, he wrote in connection with a political criminal, who is one of the most generous figures of our day: "His pardon is granted; it only remains for me to obtain it." Louis Philippe was as gentle as Louis IX and as kindly as Henri IV.

他在反对什么?那王位。拿掉国王路易-菲利普,剩下的是人。而这个人善良。他有时甚至善良到令人钦佩的程度。常常,在那些最严肃的回忆中,在与整个大陆外交斗争一天之后,他夜晚回到自己的房间,疲惫不堪,睡意沉沉,他做了什么?他拿起一份死刑判决,通宵审阅刑事案,认为与欧洲对抗是一回事,而从刽子手手中救出一个人的性命更是大事。他固执地对司法大臣坚持己见;他同检察官们--他称之为“法律的饶舌者”--逐寸争夺断头台的地盘。有时判决书堆满了他的桌子;他全部审查;放弃那些可怜的待决头颅对他来说是一种痛苦。有一天,他对最近提到的那位见证人说:“我昨晚拯救了七个人。”在他统治初期,死刑几乎被废除,竖起断头台是对国王的暴力行为。随着长支的消失,格雷夫广场消失了,一个资产阶级的刑场在圣雅克门创立;“务实人士”感到需要一个准合法的断头台;这是代表资产阶级狭隘面的卡西米尔·佩里埃对代表其自由面的路易-菲利普的胜利之一。路易-菲利普亲自为贝卡里亚的书作注。在费希奇暗杀机器事件之后,他喊道:“可惜我没有受伤!那样我就可以赦免了!”另一次,在提及他内阁的抵制时,他谈到一位政治犯--当今最慷慨的人物之一--时写道:“他的赦免已批准;只差我去争取了。”路易-菲利普就像路易九世一样温和,像亨利四世一样仁慈。

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admirable /ˈædmərəbəl/
adj. 令人钦佩的,极好的
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midst /mɪdst/
n. 中间,当中
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conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/
n. 冲突,矛盾
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diplomacy /dɪˈpləʊməsi/
n. 外交;外交手腕
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continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/
n. 大陆,洲
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exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/
adj. 筋疲力尽的;耗尽的
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fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/
n. 疲劳,疲乏
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overwhelmed /ˌəʊvəˈwelmd/
adj. 被压倒的;不知所措的
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sentence /ˈsentəns/
n. 判决;句子
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revising /rɪˈvaɪzɪŋ/
v. 修订,复习(revise的现在分词)
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criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/
adj. 犯罪的;刑事的
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suit /suːt/
n. 诉讼;套装
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rescue /ˈreskjuː/
v. 救援,营救
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executioner /ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃənə/
n. 刽子手,行刑者
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obstinately /ˈɒbstɪnətli/
adv. 固执地,顽强地
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maintained /meɪnˈteɪnd/
v. 维持;坚持(maintain的过去分词)
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disputed /dɪˈspjuːtɪd/
v. 争论,质疑(dispute的过去分词)
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guillotine /ˈɡɪlətiːn/
n. 断头台
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crown /kraʊn/
n. 王冠;皇权
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attorneys /əˈtɜːniz/
n. 律师(attorney的复数)
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chatterers /ˈtʃætərəz/
n. 喋喋不休的人(chatterer的复数)
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anguish /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/
n. 极大的痛苦,苦恼
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miserable /ˈmɪzərəbəl/
adj. 痛苦的,悲惨的
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reign /reɪn/
n. 统治时期,主权
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penalty /ˈpenəlti/
n. 惩罚,刑罚
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scaffold /ˈskæfəld/
n. 脚手架;断头台
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violence /ˈvaɪələns/
n. 暴力,激烈
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instituted /ˈɪnstɪtjuːtɪd/
v. 建立,制定(institute的过去分词)
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necessity /nɪˈsesəti/
n. 必要性,必需品
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liberal /ˈlɪbərəl/
adj. 自由的;开明的
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annotated /ˈænəteɪtɪd/
v. 注释(annotate的过去分词)
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alluding /əˈluːdɪŋ/
v. 暗示,提及(allude的现在分词)
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resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/
n. 抵抗,反抗
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ministry /ˈmɪnɪstri/
n. (政府的)部门;牧师职务
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bourgeois /ˈbʊəʒwɑː/
adj. 资产阶级的;中产阶级的
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kindly /ˈkaɪndli/
adv. 友好地,亲切地
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abolished /əˈbɒlɪʃt/
v. 废除(abolish的过去分词)
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erection /ɪˈrekʃən/
n. 建立,竖立
🔊 Now, to our mind, in history, where kindness is the rarest of pearls, the man who is kindly almost takes precedence of the man who is great.

如今,在我们看来,在历史上,善良是最稀有的珍珠,善良的人几乎比伟大的人更胜一筹。

🔊
kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/
n. 善良,仁慈
🔊
rarest /ˈreərɪst/
adj. 最稀有的(rare的最高级)
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pearls /pɜːlz/
n. 珍珠(pearl的复数)
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precedence /ˈpresɪdəns/
n. 优先权,优先地位

路易-菲利普受到一些人严厉的、也许还有另一些人苛刻的评价,因此,一个如今自身已成幽灵的人,曾认识那位国王,前来在历史面前为他作证,这是很自然的;这份证词,无论如何,显然而且首先完全是无私的;由死者所写的墓志铭是真诚的;一个幽灵可以安慰另一个幽灵;共享同一阴影赋予赞美它的权利;不必太担心流亡中的两座坟墓会被人说:“这一座在奉承那一座。”

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severely /sɪˈvɪəli/
adv. 严重地,严厉地
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phantom /ˈfæntəm/
n. 幽灵,幻影
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testify /ˈtestɪfaɪ/
v. 作证,证明
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deposition /ˌdepəˈzɪʃən/
n. 证词;沉积(物)
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evidently /ˈevɪdəntli/
adv. 显然地,明显地
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disinterested /dɪsˈɪntrɪstɪd/
adj. 公正的,无私的
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epitaph /ˈepɪtɑːf/
n. 墓志铭
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penned /pend/
v. 写作(pen的过去分词);围住
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sincere /sɪnˈsɪə/
adj. 真诚的,诚挚的
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console /kənˈsəʊl/
v. 安慰,慰藉
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confers /kənˈfɜːz/
v. 授予,赋予(confer的第三人称单数)
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tombs /tuːmz/
n. 坟墓(tomb的复数)
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flattered /ˈflætəd/
v. 使高兴,奉承(flatter的过去分词)
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。