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Part 3. A Voyage To Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, And Japan – Chapter two (第二章)

探索《格列佛游记》第2章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇和解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提高阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

描述拉普塔人的性情与气质。叙述他们的学问。关于国王及其宫廷。作者在那里受到的接待。居民易受恐惧和不安。关于妇女的叙述。

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dispositions /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃənz/
n. 性情,倾向
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disquietudes /dɪsˈkwaɪɪtjuːdz/
n. 不安,忧虑
🔊 At my alighting, I was surrounded with a crowd of people, but those who stood nearest seemed to be of better quality. They beheld me with all the marks and circumstances of wonder; neither indeed was I much in their debt, having never till then seen a race of mortals so singular in their shapes, habits, and countenances. Their heads were all reclined, either to the right, or the left; one of their eyes turned inward, and the other directly up to the zenith. Their outward garments were adorned with the figures of suns, moons, and stars; interwoven with those of fiddles, flutes, harps, trumpets, guitars, harpsichords, and many other instruments of music, unknown to us in Europe. I observed, here and there, many in the habit of servants, with a blown bladder, fastened like a flail to the end of a stick, which they carried in their hands. In each bladder was a small quantity of dried peas, or little pebbles, as I was afterwards informed. With these bladders, they now and then flapped the mouths and ears of those who stood near them, of which practice I could not then conceive the meaning. It seems the minds of these people are so taken up with intense speculations, that they neither can speak, nor attend to the discourses of others, without being roused by some external action upon the organs of speech and hearing; for which reason, those persons who are able to afford it always keep a flapper (the original is climenole) in their family, as one of their domestics; nor ever walk abroad, or make visits, without him. And the business of this officer is, when two, three, or more persons are in company, gently to strike with his bladder the mouth of him who is to speak, and the right ear of him or them to whom the speaker addresses himself. This flapper is likewise employed diligently to attend his master in his walks, and upon occasion to give him a soft flap on his eyes; because he is always so wrapped up in cogitation, that he is in manifest danger of falling down every precipice, and bouncing his head against every post; and in the streets, of justling others, or being justled himself into the kennel.

我一下船,便被一群人围住,但站在最近的似乎身份较高。他们以种种惊奇的神情注视着我;说实话,我也同样惊讶,因为此前从未见过如此奇特的凡人种族,他们的形状、服饰和面容都异乎寻常。他们的头一律偏向右侧或左侧;一只眼睛内斜,另一只直向上方仰望。外衣上装饰着太阳、月亮和星辰的图案,交织着小提琴、长笛、竖琴、喇叭、吉他、大键琴以及许多其他我们欧洲所不知的乐器。我观察到,到处都有许多穿仆人装束的人,手里拿着一个鼓鼓的膀胱,像连枷一样绑在一根棍子的末端。每个膀胱里装着一小把干豌豆或小卵石,这是我后来才知道的。他们不时用这些膀胱拍打靠近他们的人的嘴和耳朵,我当时无法理解这种做法的含义。似乎这些人的心思完全沉浸在深刻的思考中,以至于除非通过某种外部动作刺激他们的发音和听觉器官,否则他们既不能说话,也不能注意别人的谈话。因此,那些有财力的人总是在家里养一个拍打员(原文是克利梅诺尔),作为家仆之一;外出或拜访时也总带着他。这个官员的职责是,当两三个人或更多人在一起时,轻轻地用他的膀胱拍打将要说话人的嘴巴,以及说话对象(一人或多人)的右耳。这个拍打员同样勤勉地陪伴主人散步,并在必要时轻轻拍打他的眼睛;因为他总是陷入沉思,明显有跌落悬崖、头撞柱子的危险;在街上,也有撞到别人或被别人撞到阴沟里的危险。

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singular /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/
adj. 奇特的,非凡的
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zenith /ˈzenɪθ/
n. 天顶,最高点
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garments /ˈɡɑːrmənts/
n. 服装(尤指外套)

有必要向读者交代这些情况,否则他也会像我一样,对这些人带我登上岛顶、又从那里前往皇宫的整个过程感到迷惑。我们登高时,他们好几次忘记了正在做的事,将我独自丢下,直到拍打员再次唤起他们的记忆;因为他们对我这身异国服饰和面容,以及百姓的呼喊,全然无动于衷;而那些百姓的心思反倒更为自由。

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proceedings /prəˈsiːdɪŋz/
n. 行动,过程;会议记录
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ascending /əˈsendɪŋ/
v. 上升,攀登
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unmoved /ʌnˈmuːvd/
adj. 无动于衷的,未受感动的
🔊 At last we entered the palace, and proceeded into the chamber of presence, where I saw the king seated on his throne, attended on each side by persons of prime quality. Before the throne, was a large table filled with globes and spheres, and mathematical instruments of all kinds. His majesty took not the least notice of us, although our entrance was not without sufficient noise, by the concourse of all persons belonging to the court. But he was then deep in a problem; and we attended at least an hour, before he could solve it. There stood by him, on each side, a young page with flaps in their hands, and when they saw he was at leisure, one of them gently struck his mouth, and the other his right ear; at which he startled like one awaked on the sudden, and looking towards me and the company I was in, recollected the occasion of our coming, whereof he had been informed before. He spoke some words, whereupon immediately a young man with a flap came up to my side, and flapped me gently on the right ear; but I made signs, as well as I could, that I had no occasion for such an instrument; which, as I afterwards found, gave his majesty, and the whole court, a very mean opinion of my understanding. The king, as far as I could conjecture, asked me several questions, and I addressed myself to him in all the languages I had. When it was found I could neither understand nor be understood, I was conducted by his order to an apartment in his palace (this prince being distinguished above all his predecessors for his hospitality to strangers), where two servants were appointed to attend me. My dinner was brought, and four persons of quality, whom I remembered to have seen very near the kings person, did me the honour to dine with me. We had two courses, of three dishes each. In the first course, there was a shoulder of mutton cut into an equilateral triangle, a piece of beef into a rhomboides, and a pudding into a cycloid. The second course was two ducks trussed up in the form of fiddles; sausages and puddings resembling flutes and hautboys, and a breast of veal in the shape of a harp. The servants cut our bread into cones, cylinders, parallelograms, and several other mathematical figures.

最后我们进入皇宫,来到觐见殿,只见国王坐在宝座上,两侧侍立着身份最高贵的大臣。宝座前有一张大桌,摆满了地球仪、天体仪和各种数学仪器。尽管我们进来时因宫廷中所有人等聚集而喧闹不已,陛下却丝毫未注意我们。他正深陷于一道难题;我们至少等候了一个小时,他才解答出来。他身旁两侧各站着一个年轻侍从,手中拿着拍打器。他们见他稍有闲暇,一个便轻轻拍了拍他的嘴,另一个拍了拍他的右耳;他猛地一惊,仿佛突然被唤醒,然后朝我和我带来的人看来,想起了我们前来的缘由--此前已有人告知过他。他说了几句话,立刻有一个持拍打器的年轻人走到我身边,轻轻拍了拍我的右耳;但我尽可能示意,我不需要这种工具;后来我发现,这一举动让陛下和整个宫廷对我的理解力评价甚低。据我推测,国王问了我几个问题,我用所会的各种语言回答他。当我发现彼此既听不懂对方的话,也无法被对方听懂时,他吩咐将我带到宫中一处寓所(这位国王在对外国人的好客方面远超历代先王),并指派两名仆人伺候我。我的晚餐端了上来,四位我记得离国王很近的显贵荣幸地与我共餐。我们吃了两道菜,每道三道。第一道菜有一块切成等边三角形的羊肩肉、一块切成菱形的牛肉、一个摆成旋轮线形状的布丁。第二道菜是两只绑成小提琴形状的鸭子;香肠和布丁做成笛子和双簧管的形状;一块小牛肉胸脯做成竖琴的形状。仆人们将我们的面包切成圆锥体、圆柱体、平行六面体以及其他几种数学图形。

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globes /ɡloʊbz/
n. 地球仪;球体
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spheres /sfɪrz/
n. 球体;领域
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mathematical /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/
adj. 数学的

用餐时,我斗胆问起他们语言中几样东西的名称;那些贵族在拍打员的帮助下,乐于回答我,希望倘若我能与他们交谈,便会对他们的伟大才能产生钦佩。我很快就能开口要面包、饮料及其他所需之物了。

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noble /ˈnoʊbəl/
adj. 高贵的,高尚的
🔊
admiration /ˌædməˈreɪʃən/
n. 钦佩,赞赏
🔊
converse /kənˈvɜːrs/
v. 交谈
🔊 After dinner my company withdrew, and a person was sent to me by the kings order, attended by a flapper. He brought with him pen, ink, and paper, and three or four books, giving me to understand by signs, that he was sent to teach me the language. We sat together four hours, in which time I wrote down a great number of words in columns, with the translations over against them; I likewise made a shift to learn several short sentences; for my tutor would order one of my servants to fetch something, to turn about, to make a bow, to sit, or to stand, or walk, and the like. Then I took down the sentence in writing. He showed me also, in one of his books, the figures of the sun, moon, and stars, the zodiac, the tropics, and polar circles, together with the denominations of many plains and solids. He gave me the names and descriptions of all the musical instruments, and the general terms of art in playing on each of them. After he had left me, I placed all my words, with their interpretations, in alphabetical order. And thus, in a few days, by the help of a very faithful memory, I got some insight into their language. The word, which I interpret the flying or floating island, is in the original Laputa, whereof I could never learn the true etymology. Lap, in the old obsolete language, signifies high; and untuh, a governor; from which they say, by corruption, was derived Laputa, from Lapuntuh. But I do not approve of this derivation, which seems to be a little strained. I ventured to offer to the learned among them a conjecture of my own, that Laputa was quasi lap outed; lap, signifying properly, the dancing of the sunbeams in the sea, and outed, a wing; which, however, I shall not obtrude, but submit to the judicious reader.

饭后,我的陪同者们告辞而去,国王派了一个人来见我,此人由一名拍打员伴随。他带来了笔、墨、纸和三四本书,用手势示意他是奉命来教我语言的。我们坐了四个小时,期间我写下了大量词汇,分列成栏,并在旁边注上译文;我也设法学会了几句短句;因为我的老师会让我的一个仆人取东西、转身、鞠躬、坐下、站立、行走等等,我便把这些句子写下来。他还在一本书中给我看了太阳、月亮、星辰、黄道带、回归线和极圈的图形,以及许多平面和立体的名称。他告诉我所有乐器的名称和描述,以及演奏每种乐器的一般术语。他离开后,我将所有词汇及其释义按字母顺序排列。就这样,凭借极为牢靠的记忆力,几天后我对他们的语言便有了一些了解。被我译为“飞行岛”或“浮岛”的那个词,原文是拉普塔,我从未弄清其真正词源。在古老的语言中,Lap 意为“高”,Untuh 意为“总督”;他们由此说,经过讹传,从 Lapuntuh 派生出了拉普塔。但我不赞同这种词源,似乎有点牵强。我斗胆向那里的学者提出自己的猜测:拉普塔 近似于 lap outed;lap 的恰当意思是“阳光在海面上的舞动”,outed 是“翅膀”;不过我不会强加于人,只交由明智的读者判断。

🔊
etymology /ˌetɪˈmɑːlədʒi/
n. 词源学
🔊
obsolete /ˌɒbsəˈliːt/
adj. 过时的,废弃的
🔊
judicious /dʒuˈdɪʃəs/
adj. 明智的,判断正确的

国王托付照料我的人见我衣衫褴褛,便吩咐一个裁缝次日早晨来为我量体裁衣。这位工匠的操作方式与欧洲同行迥然不同。他先用四分仪量了我的身高,然后借助直尺和圆规,在纸上画出我全身的尺寸和轮廓;六天后他送来衣服,却做得极差,完全不成形状,因为他碰巧在计算中弄错了一个数字。但让我宽慰的是,我注意到此类事故时常发生,而人们并不在意。

🔊
altitude /ˈæltɪtuːd/
n. 高度,海拔
🔊
quadrant /ˈkwɒdrənt/
n. 象限仪;四分之一圆
🔊
dimensions /daɪˈmenʃənz/
n. 尺寸,维度

在我因缺衣少食而受困、又因身体不适而多耽搁了几天的期间,我大大扩充了字典;下次去宫廷时,已能听懂国王说的许多话,并适当回答他几句。陛下下令,让飞岛向东北偏东方向移动,抵达下方坚实大地上的整个王国之都城拉格多的正上方。那里大约相距九十里格,我们的航程持续了四天半。我丝毫感觉不到飞岛在空中向前移动。第二天上午约十一点,国王亲自驾临,由贵族、朝臣和官员陪同,备好了他们所有的乐器,连续演奏了三个小时,噪声震得我头昏脑胀;我完全猜不出其用意,直到老师告诉我。他说,岛上居民的耳朵能听到“天体之音,该音乐总在特定时期奏响,宫廷此刻准备好用各自最擅长的乐器加以应和。”

🔊
metropolis /mɪˈtrɒpəlɪs/
n. 大都市,主要城市
🔊
nobility /noʊˈbɪləti/
n. 贵族阶级
🔊
intermission /ˌɪntərˈmɪʃən/
n. 间歇,中场休息

在前往都城拉格多的途中,陛下命令飞岛停在某些城镇和村落的上空,以便接收臣民的请愿。为此,他们放下若干根细绳,末端系着小砝码。人们将请愿书串在这些细绳上,请愿书便像学童系在风筝线末端的纸片一样径直升上来。有时我们收到从下方用滑轮吊上来的酒和食物。

🔊
petitions /pəˈtɪʃənz/
n. 请愿书
🔊
packthreads /ˈpækθredz/
n. 打包绳
🔊
victuals /ˈvɪtəlz/
n. 食物,给养

我的数学知识对我学习他们的用语大有帮助,因为他们的用语很大程度上依赖数学和音乐;而我对后者也并非一窍不通。他们的思想始终盘旋在直线和图形之间。例如,如果他们想称赞一个女人或其他动物的美丽,便用菱形、圆形、平行四边形、椭圆及其他几何术语来描述,或者用音乐术语,此处无需赘述。我在国王的厨房里观察到各种数学和音乐器具,他们按照这些器具的形状切割端上国王餐桌的肉块。

🔊
phraseology /ˌfreɪziˈɒlədʒi/
n. 用语,措辞
🔊
perpetually /pərˈpetʃuəli/
adv. 永久地,不断地
🔊
geometrical /ˌdʒiːəˈmetrɪkəl/
adj. 几何学的

他们的房屋建得很糟,墙壁歪斜,没有一个房间有一个直角;这种缺陷源于他们对实用几何学的蔑视,他们认为那是粗俗和机械的;他们给出的指导过于精妙,工匠的智力无法理解,因而错误不断。虽然他们在纸上运用尺、铅笔和分规颇为灵巧,但在日常行为和生活中,我从未见过比这更笨拙、更尴尬、更不灵巧的人,在数学和音乐之外的一切事务上,他们的理解也极为迟缓、困惑。他们非常不善于推理,且极爱抬杠,除非偶尔持正确意见--这很少见。想象、幻想和发明,他们全然陌生,语言中也没有表达这些概念的词汇;他们全部的思想和心灵范围都局限于前述两门科学。

🔊
contempt /kənˈtempt/
n. 轻视,蔑视
🔊
despise /dɪˈspaɪz/
v. 鄙视,看不起
🔊
intellects /ˈɪntəlekts/
n. 智力,才智(复数形式)

他们中的大多数人,尤其是那些从事天文研究的人,极为相信星相占卜,尽管羞于公开承认。但我最为欣赏且认为完全不可理解的是,我观察到他们有一种对新闻和政治的强烈癖好,总是打听公共事务,对国家大事发表看法,激烈争论每一寸党派观点。事实上,我在欧洲所认识的大多数数学家中也观察到了同样的癖好,尽管我从未发现这两门学科之间有任何相似之处;除非那些人以为,既然最小的圆和最大的圆有一样多的度数,那么治理和管理世界所需的才能,并不比掌握和转动一个地球仪更多;但我认为这种品质更可能源于人类天性中一种常见的弱点,让我们对最不关心、最不适合研究或天性的事务最为好奇和自负。

🔊
astronomical /ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkəl/
adj. 天文学的;庞大的
🔊
astrology /əˈstrɒlədʒi/
n. 占星术
🔊
analogy /əˈnælədʒi/
n. 类比,相似
🔊 These people are under continual disquietudes, never enjoying a minutes peace of mind; and their disturbances proceed from causes which very little affect the rest of mortals. Their apprehensions arise from several changes they dread in the celestial bodies: for instance, that the earth, by the continual approaches of the sun towards it, must, in course of time, be absorbed, or swallowed up; that the face of the sun, will, by degrees, be encrusted with its own effluvia, and give no more light to the world; that the earth very narrowly escaped a brush from the tail of the last comet, which would have infallibly reduced it to ashes; and that the next, which they have calculated for one-and-thirty years hence, will probably destroy us. For if, in its perihelion, it should approach within a certain degree of the sun (as by their calculations they have reason to dread) it will receive a degree of heat ten thousand times more intense than that of red hot glowing iron, and in its absence from the sun, carry a blazing tail ten hundred thousand and fourteen miles long, through which, if the earth should pass at the distance of one hundred thousand miles from the nucleus, or main body of the comet, it must in its passage be set on fire, and reduced to ashes: that the sun, daily spending its rays without any nutriment to supply them, will at last be wholly consumed and annihilated; which must be attended with the destruction of this earth, and of all the planets that receive their light from it.

这些人一直处于不安之中,从未享受片刻内心的平静;他们的烦恼源于那些对凡间其他人几乎毫无影响的原因。他们的恐惧来自对天体的几种变化:例如,地球因太阳不断靠近,最终必然被吸收或吞噬;太阳表面将逐渐被自身的排泄物所覆盖,不再为世界发光;上次彗星尾巴擦过地球,险些将其化为灰烬;下一次推算在三十一年后,很可能毁灭我们。因为如果在近日点它过分接近太阳(按他们的计算,有理由担心),它将受到比烧红的铁温度强一万倍的热量,而在远离太阳时,它拖着一根一百万零十四英里长的炽尾,如果地球在距离彗核或彗星主体十万英里处穿过该尾巴,必然在穿行中着火并化为灰烬;太阳每天散发光线而无营养补充,最终将会消耗殆尽、完全消失,这必将导致地球以及所有从它获得光线的行星毁灭。

🔊
celestial /sɪˈlestiəl/
adj. 天体的,天上的
🔊
comet /ˈkɒmɪt/
n. 彗星
🔊
annihilated /əˈnaɪəleɪtɪd/
v. 被消灭,被毁灭

他们如此持续地受到这些及类似迫在眉睫的危险的警报,以致既无法安然入睡,也对生活中的普通乐趣和娱乐毫无兴致。早晨遇见熟人时,第一个问题总是关于太阳的健康状况,它落日和初升时的样子如何,以及他们有何希望避免即将到来的彗星的一击。他们谈论这类话题时,往往带着如同男孩们听到鬼怪故事时的那种欢喜,他们贪婪地听着,却又因害怕而不敢上床睡觉。

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impending /ɪmˈpendɪŋ/
adj. 即将发生的,迫近的
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relish /ˈrelɪʃ/
n. 享受,兴趣
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acquaintance /əˈkweɪntəns/
n. 熟人;相识

岛上的女人极其活泼:她们蔑视丈夫,却非常喜欢外地人--从下面大陆来的外地人相当多,常驻宫廷,要么处理各城镇和社团的事务,要么办理私事,但他们因缺乏同样的天赋而备受鄙视。夫人们从这些人中挑选情郎;但烦恼在于,她们行事太过轻易和安全;因为丈夫总是沉浸于玄思,只要给他纸笔和器具,且身边没有拍打员,情妇和情郎尽可以在他面前做出最亲昵的举动。

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abundance /əˈbʌndəns/
n. 丰富,充裕
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vivacity /vɪˈvæsəti/
n. 活泼,活力
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contemn /kənˈtɛm/
v. 蔑视,轻视

妻子和女儿们哀叹被困在岛上,尽管我认为这是世界上最宜人的地方;尽管她们在此过着极其富足和奢华的生活,可以为所欲为,她们仍渴望见识外面的世界,享受大都市的消遣,而这未经国王特别许可是不允许的;这种许可很难得到,因为贵族们从屡次经验中发现,很难说服他们的女人从下面回到岛上。我听说有一位宫廷贵妇,已有好几个孩子,嫁给了首相--王国中最富有的臣民,此人仪表堂堂,极其宠爱她,住在岛上最华丽的宫殿里--她以健康为由下到拉格多,在那里躲藏了几个月,直到国王发出搜查令;结果在一个偏僻的小饭馆里找到她,衣衫褴褛,她已典当衣服来供养一个年老畸形的男仆,此人每天打她,正是在那男仆的陪伴下她被找到,极度不情愿。尽管她丈夫以最大的善意迎接她,毫无责备,她很快又设法带上所有珠宝再次偷溜下去,回到同一个情郎身边,此后音信全无。

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lament /ləˈment/
v. 哀悼,悲叹
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confinement /kənˈfaɪnmənt/
n. 限制,监禁
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magnificence /mæɡˈnɪfɪsəns/
n. 壮丽,辉煌
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diversions /daɪˈvɜːrʒənz/
n. 消遣,转移
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license /ˈlaɪsns/
n. 许可证,执照
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quality /ˈkwɒləti/
n. 质量;品质;上流社会
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frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/
adj. 频繁的
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experience /ɪkˈspɪriəns/
n. 经验,经历
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persuade /pərˈsweɪd/
v. 说服
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prime minister /praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər/
n. 首相
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subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
n. 臣民;主题
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graceful /ˈɡreɪsfl/
adj. 优雅的
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extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/
adv. 极其
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fond /fɒnd/
adj. 喜欢的
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palace /ˈpælɪs/
n. 宫殿
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pretence /prɪˈtens/
n. 假装,借口
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warrant /ˈwɒrənt/
n. 逮捕令,凭证
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obscure /əbˈskjʊr/
adj. 偏僻的,模糊的
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eating-house /ˈiːtɪŋ haʊs/
n. 小饭馆
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pawned /pɔːnd/
v. 典当(过去分词)
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deformed /dɪˈfɔːrmd/
adj. 畸形的
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footman /ˈfʊtmən/
n. 男仆
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reproach /rɪˈproʊtʃ/
n. 责备
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contrived /kənˈtraɪvd/
v. 谋划(过去式)
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gallant /ˈɡælənt/
n. 情郎

读者或许会认为这是一个欧洲或英国的故事,而不是如此遥远国度的故事。但请想一想,女人的任性并不受任何气候或国度的限制,她们比人们轻易想象的要更为一致。

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caprices /kəˈpriːsɪz/
n. 反复无常(复数)
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womankind /ˈwʊmənkaɪnd/
n. 女性总称
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uniform /ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm/
adj. 一致的

大约一个月后,我在他们的语言上已有相当进步,能回答国王的大部分问题--当我荣幸地侍奉他时。陛下似乎毫无好奇心去询问我所到国家的法律、政府、历史、宗教或风俗,而将问题局限于数学方面,并且听我报告时带着极大的轻蔑和漠然,虽然他的两侧拍打员时常把他唤醒。

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tolerable /ˈtɒlərəbl/
adj. 可容忍的,尚可的
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proficiency /prəˈfɪʃənsi/
n. 熟练,精通
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honour /ˈɒnər/
n. 荣誉(英式)
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attend /əˈtend/
v. 参加,侍奉
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majesty /ˈmædʒəsti/
n. 陛下;雄伟
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curiosity /ˌkjʊriˈɒsəti/
n. 好奇心
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inquire /ɪnˈkwaɪər/
v. 询问
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confined /kənˈfaɪnd/
v. 限制(过去分词)
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indifference /ɪnˈdɪfrəns/
n. 冷漠
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roused /raʊzd/
v. 唤醒(过去分词)
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flapper /ˈflæpər/
n. 拍打器,苍蝇拍
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。