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Part 2. A Voyage To Brobdingnag – Chapter seven (第七章)

探索《格列佛游记》第7章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇和解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提高阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

若非出于对真理的极端热爱,我本应隐瞒这段故事的部分内容。我发现自己的愤慨总是徒劳,反而沦为笑柄;当我高贵而亲爱的祖国遭受如此不公的对待时,我不得不耐心忍受。我如同任何读者一样深感遗憾,竟给了这样一个机会:但这位君主恰巧对每个细节都如此好奇探究,以至于若拒绝提供我所知的满足,既不合感恩也不合礼仪。然而,我或许可以允许自己这样辩解:我巧妙地回避了他的许多问题,对每个要点都作出了比严格事实所允许的更为有利的转向。因为我始终对我自己的国家怀有那种值得称赞的偏爱,正如哈里卡纳苏斯的狄奥尼修斯极其公正地向历史学家所推荐的那样:我愿隐藏我政治母体的弱点和缺陷,将其美德和优点置于最有利的光线下。这正是我在与那位君主多次交谈中真诚的努力,尽管不幸未能成功。

🔊
hindered /ˈhɪndərd/
v. 阻碍,妨碍
🔊
concealing /kənˈsiːlɪŋ/
v. 隐藏,隐瞒
🔊
resentments /rɪˈzentmənts/
n. 怨恨,愤恨
🔊
ridicule /ˈrɪdɪkjuːl/
n. 嘲笑,奚落
🔊
injuriously /ɪnˈdʒʊriəsli/
adv. 伤害性地,有害地
🔊
inquisitive /ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv/
adj. 好奇的,爱打听的
🔊
vindication /ˌvɪndɪˈkeɪʃn/
n. 辩护,证明正当
🔊
artfully /ˈɑːrtfəli/
adv. 巧妙地,狡猾地
🔊
eluded /ɪˈluːdɪd/
v. 逃避,躲避
🔊
strictness /ˈstrɪktnəs/
n. 严格,严密
🔊
laudable /ˈlɔːdəbl/
adj. 值得赞扬的
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partiality /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/
n. 偏袒,偏爱
🔊
frailties /ˈfreɪltiz/
n. 脆弱,弱点
🔊
deformities /dɪˈfɔːrmətiz/
n. 畸形,残缺
🔊
advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/
adj. 有利的,有益的
🔊
endeavour /ɪnˈdevər/
n. 努力,尝试
🔊
discourses /ˈdɪskɔːrsɪz/
n. 论述,演讲
🔊
monarch /ˈmɑːnərk/
n. 君主,帝王

但对于一位完全与世隔绝的国王,应当给予极大的宽容;他必然对其他民族普遍盛行的风俗习惯一无所知:这种知识的缺乏总会产生诸多偏见和一定程度的狭隘思维,而我们以及更文明的欧洲国家则完全免于此弊。的确,如果如此遥远的一位君主的善恶观念被当作全人类的标准,那将是很严酷的。

🔊
secluded /sɪˈkluːdɪd/
adj. 与世隔绝的,僻静的
🔊
unacquainted /ˌʌnəˈkweɪntɪd/
adj. 不熟悉的,不了解的
🔊
prevail /prɪˈveɪl/
v. 盛行,占优势
🔊
prejudices /ˈpredʒudɪsɪz/
n. 偏见,成见
🔊
narrowness /ˈnæroʊnəs/
n. 狭窄,狭隘
🔊
exempted /ɪɡˈzemptɪd/
v. 免除,豁免
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notions /ˈnoʊʃnz/
n. 概念,观念
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vice /vaɪs/
n. 罪恶,恶习
🔊 To confirm what I have now said, and further to show the miserable effects of a confined education, I shall here insert a passage, which will hardly obtain belief. In hopes to ingratiate myself further into his majesty's favour, I told him of "an invention, discovered between three and four hundred years ago, to make a certain powder, into a heap of which, the smallest spark of fire falling, would kindle the whole in a moment, although it were as big as a mountain, and make it all fly up in the air together, with a noise and agitation greater than thunder. That a proper quantity of this powder rammed into a hollow tube of brass or iron, according to its bigness, would drive a ball of iron or lead, with such violence and speed, as nothing was able to sustain its force. That the largest balls thus discharged, would not only destroy whole ranks of an army at once, but batter the strongest walls to the ground, sink down ships, with a thousand men in each, to the bottom of the sea, and when linked together by a chain, would cut through masts and rigging, divide hundreds of bodies in the middle, and lay all waste before them. That we often put this powder into large hollow balls of iron, and discharged them by an engine into some city we were besieging, which would rip up the pavements, tear the houses to pieces, burst and throw splinters on every side, dashing out the brains of all who came near. That I knew the ingredients very well, which were cheap and common; I understood the manner of compounding them, and could direct his workmen how to make those tubes, of a size proportionable to all other things in his majesty's kingdom, and the largest need not be above a hundred feet long; twenty or thirty of which tubes, charged with the proper quantity of powder and balls, would batter down the walls of the strongest town in his dominions in a few hours, or destroy the whole metropolis, if ever it should pretend to dispute his absolute commands." This I humbly offered to his majesty, as a small tribute of acknowledgment, in return for so many marks that I had received, of his royal favour and protection.

为了证实我刚才所说的话,并进一步说明狭隘教育的悲惨后果,我将在此插入一段几乎令人难以置信的叙述。为了进一步博得国王陛下的恩宠,我告诉他:“有一种约在三四百年前发现的发明,用于制造一种粉末;将最小的火星落入一堆这样的粉末中,瞬间就能点燃整堆,即使它大如一座山,也会使它全部飞向空中,伴随比雷声更响的噪音和震动。将适量这种粉末按照大小装入黄铜或铁制的空心管中,就能以如此猛烈和迅速的力量推出铁球或铅球,没有任何东西能抵抗其力量。这样发射出的最大炮弹,不仅能一次摧毁整列军队,还能将最坚固的城墙夷为平地,击沉每艘载有上千人的船只,当它们用链条连接起来时,能切断桅杆和索具,将数百具尸体从中劈开,将一切夷为平地。我们常常将这种粉末装入大的空心铁球中,用机器发射到我们围攻的城市里,这些铁球会掀翻路面,将房屋撕成碎片,炸裂并向四周抛出碎片,击碎所有靠近者的脑袋。我非常了解这些成分,既便宜又常见;我懂得如何混合它们,并能指导他的工匠制造适合他王国中所有其他物品尺寸的管子,最大的无需超过一百英尺长;二十或三十根这样的管子,装上适当量的粉末和炮弹,就能在几小时内轰倒他领地内最坚固城镇的城墙,或者摧毁整个首都,如果它胆敢违抗他的绝对命令。”我谦卑地将此献给国王陛下,作为微薄的谢礼,以回报他所给予我的诸多恩宠与保护的标志。

🔊
confined /kənˈfaɪnd/
adj. 有限的,受限制的
🔊
insert /ɪnˈsɜːrt/
v. 插入,嵌入
🔊
ingratiate /ɪnˈɡreɪʃieɪt/
v. 讨好,迎合
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kindle /ˈkɪndl/
v. 点燃,激起
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agitation /ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 激动,骚动
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rammed /ræmd/
v. 猛撞,塞进
🔊
hollow /ˈhɑːloʊ/
adj. 中空的,空洞的
🔊
sustain /səˈsteɪn/
v. 维持,承受
🔊
discharged /dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒd/
v. 发射,释放
🔊
batter /ˈbætər/
v. 猛击, 连续打击
🔊
masts /mæsts/
n. 桅杆
🔊
rigging /ˈrɪɡɪŋ/
n. 索具,装备
🔊
splinters /ˈsplɪntərz/
n. 碎片,裂片
🔊
ingredients /ɪnˈɡriːdiənts/
n. 成分,配料
🔊
compounding /kəmˈpaʊndɪŋ/
v. 混合,调制
🔊
proportionable /prəˈpɔːrʃənəbl/
adj. 成比例的,相称的
🔊
dominions /dəˈmɪniənz/
n. 领土,领地
🔊
metropolis /məˈtrɑːpəlɪs/
n. 大都市,首府
🔊
dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/
v. 争论,质疑
🔊
tribute /ˈtrɪbjuːt/
n. 贡品,致敬
🔊
acknowledgment /əkˈnɑːlɪdʒmənt/
n. 承认,感谢

国王对我所描述的那些可怕机器以及我提出的建议感到惊恐。“他惊异于,像我这样如此弱小卑鄙的昆虫”(这是他的原话)“竟然怀有如此非人的想法,并且以如此若无其事的态度,对我所描绘的那些毁灭性机器通常造成的血腥和荒凉场景显得毫无触动;其中,”他说,“一定是某个与人类为敌的邪恶天才首先发明了它。至于他自己,他断言,尽管很少有什么事情像艺术或自然的新发现那样让他愉悦,但他宁愿失去半个王国,也不愿得知这样一个秘密;他命令我,珍视自己的生命,永远不要再提起。”

🔊
impotent /ˈɪmpətənt/
adj. 无能的,无效的
🔊
grovelling /ˈɡrɑːvəlɪŋ/
adj. 卑躬屈膝的,匍匐的
🔊
entertain /ˌentərˈteɪn/
v. 持有(想法),招待
🔊
inhuman /ɪnˈhjuːmən/
adj. 非人的,残忍的
🔊
unmoved /ʌnˈmuːvd/
adj. 无动于衷的,不为所动的
🔊
desolation /ˌdesəˈleɪʃn/
n. 荒凉,凄凉
🔊
destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/
adj. 破坏性的
🔊
contriver /kənˈtraɪvər/
n. 发明者,策划者
🔊
protested /prəˈtestɪd/
v. 抗议,反对
🔊
privy /ˈprɪvi/
adj. 秘密参与的,私下知情的
🔊 A strange effect of narrow principles and views! that a prince possessed of every quality which procures veneration, love, and esteem; of strong parts, great wisdom, and profound learning, endowed with admirable talents, and almost adored by his subjects, should, from a nice, unnecessary scruple, whereof in Europe we can have no conception, let slip an opportunity put into his hands that would have made him absolute master of the lives, the liberties, and the fortunes of his people! Neither do I say this, with the least intention to detract from the many virtues of that excellent king, whose character, I am sensible, will, on this account, be very much lessened in the opinion of an English reader: but I take this defect among them to have risen from their ignorance, by not having hitherto reduced politics into a science, as the more acute wits of Europe have done. For, I remember very well, in a discourse one day with the king, when I happened to say, "there were several thousand books among us written upon the art of government," it gave him (directly contrary to my intention) a very mean opinion of our understandings. He professed both to abominate and despise all mystery, refinement, and intrigue, either in a prince or a minister. He could not tell what I meant by secrets of state, where an enemy, or some rival nation, were not in the case. He confined the knowledge of governing within very narrow bounds, to common sense and reason, to justice and lenity, to the speedy determination of civil and criminal causes; with some other obvious topics, which are not worth considering. And he gave it for his opinion, "that whoever could make two ears of corn, or two blades of grass, to grow upon a spot of ground where only one grew before, would deserve better of mankind, and do more essential service to his country, than the whole race of politicians put together."

狭隘原则和见识的奇怪后果!一位拥有令人敬畏、爱戴和尊敬的一切品质的君主;具有坚强的才智、伟大的智慧和渊博的学识,天赋卓越,几乎被臣民崇拜,却因为一种在欧洲我们无法理解的微妙、不必要的顾虑,放过了送到他手中的机会,而这本可以使他成为人民生命、自由和财富的绝对主宰!我这样说,也丝毫没有贬低那位杰出国王诸多美德的意图;我意识到,他的品格因此会在英国读者心目中大打折扣:但我认为他们身上的这一缺陷源于他们的无知,因为他们迄今为止未能将政治提炼成为一种科学,就像欧洲那些更敏锐的才智之士所做的那样。因为我清楚地记得,有一天与国王交谈时,我不经意地说“我们那里有数千本关于统治艺术的著作”,这反而(完全违背我的意图)让他对我们的理解力产生了极低的评价。他公开表示憎恶和鄙视一切诡秘、精巧和阴谋,无论是君主还是大臣所为。他不明白我所说的国家机密是什么意思,除非涉及敌人或某个敌对的国家。他将统治的知识局限于非常狭窄的范围内:常识和理性,正义和宽仁,迅速裁决民事和刑事案件,以及其他一些不值得考虑的老生常谈。他提出自己的见解:“任何能让一块原来只长一穗玉米或一片草叶的土地长出两穗玉米或两片草叶的人,都比所有政客加起来对人类更有贡献,对国家做的贡献也更为本质。”

🔊
procures /prəˈkjʊrz/
v. 获得,取得
🔊
veneration /ˌvenəˈreɪʃn/
n. 崇敬,敬仰
🔊
esteem /ɪˈstiːm/
n. 尊重,敬重
🔊
profound /prəˈfaʊnd/
adj. 深奥的,深刻的
🔊
endowed /ɪnˈdaʊd/
v. 赋予,捐赠
🔊
admirable /ˈædmərəbl/
adj. 令人钦佩的
🔊
adored /əˈdɔːrd/
v. 崇拜,爱慕
🔊
nice /naɪs/
adj. 细微的,微妙的
🔊
scruple /ˈskruːpl/
n. 顾虑,顾忌
🔊
conception /kənˈsepʃn/
n. 概念,构思
🔊
liberties /ˈlɪbərtiz/
n. 自由,自由权
🔊
detract /dɪˈtrækt/
v. 贬低,减损
🔊
lessened /ˈlesnd/
v. 减少,减轻
🔊
defect /ˈdiːfekt/
n. 缺陷,缺点
🔊
ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/
n. 无知
🔊
hitherto /ˌhɪðərˈtuː/
adv. 迄今为止
🔊
acute /əˈkjuːt/
adj. 敏锐的,严重的
🔊
wits /wɪts/
n. 才智,智慧
🔊
discourse /ˈdɪskɔːrs/
n. 论述,谈话
🔊
abominate /əˈbɑːmɪneɪt/
v. 痛恨,厌恶
🔊
despise /dɪˈspaɪz/
v. 鄙视,轻视
🔊
mystery /ˈmɪstəri/
n. 神秘,奥秘
🔊
refinement /rɪˈfaɪnmənt/
n. 精炼,优雅
🔊
intrigue /ˈɪntriːɡ/
n. 阴谋,密谋
🔊
rival /ˈraɪvl/
n. 竞争对手
🔊
lenity /ˈlenəti/
n. 宽厚,仁慈
🔊
determination /dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃn/
n. 决心,决定
🔊
causes /ˈkɔːzɪz/
n. 案件,原因
🔊
politicians /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃnz/
n. 政治家,政客

这个民族的学识非常有限,只包括道德、历史、诗歌和数学,在这些方面他们确实出众。但数学完全应用于生活中可能有用的事物,如改进农业和所有机械工艺;因此在我们看来,这几乎不值得重视。至于观念、实体、抽象和超越性概念,我始终无法让他们头脑中产生丝毫理解。

🔊
defective /dɪˈfektɪv/
adj. 有缺陷的,不完善的
🔊
morality /məˈræləti/
n. 道德,伦理
🔊
excel /ɪkˈsel/
v. 擅长,出色
🔊
mechanical /məˈkænɪkl/
adj. 机械的,有关机械的
🔊
esteemed /ɪˈstiːmd/
v. 尊重,敬重(过去式)
🔊
entities /ˈentətiz/
n. 实体,存在
🔊
abstractions /æbˈstrækʃnz/
n. 抽象概念
🔊
transcendentals /ˌtrænsenˈdentlz/
n. 超越性概念

该国任何法律的字数不得超过其字母表中的字母数,而字母表只有二十二个字母。但实际上,很少有法律能达到那个长度。法律用最简洁明了的词语表达,以至于这些人不够机敏,无法发现一种以上的解释;对任何法律加以注释,都是死罪。至于民事案件的判决或对罪犯的诉讼,他们的先例如此之少,以至于他们也没有理由在任一方面炫耀任何非凡的技巧。

🔊
exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/
v. 超过,超越
🔊
mercurial /mɜːrˈkjʊriəl/
adj. 多变的,活泼的
🔊
interpretation /ɪnˌtɜːrprɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 解释,理解
🔊
capital /ˈkæpɪtl/
adj. 可处死刑的,重大的
🔊
proceedings /prəˈsiːdɪŋz/
n. 诉讼程序,进程
🔊
precedents /ˈpresɪdənts/
n. 先例,前例
🔊
boast /boʊst/
v. 吹嘘,夸耀
🔊
extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːrdəneri/
adj. 非凡的,杰出的

他们和中国一样,自古以来就懂得印刷术;但他们的图书馆并不很大;因为国王的图书馆,被认为是最大的,也不过一千卷,存放在一条一千二百英尺长的画廊里,我有权从中借阅任何我喜欢的书籍。王后的细木匠在葛兰达克利赤的一个房间里设计了一种木制机器,高二十五英尺,形状像一架立梯;每一级台阶长五十英尺。这实际上是一架可移动的梯子,最低端距离房间墙壁十英尺。我想读的书被靠在墙上放好:我先登上梯子顶端,面向书本,从页面上方开始,然后根据每行的长度,左右行走约八到十步,直到视线略低于书本,然后逐渐下降,直到到达底部;之后再次攀登,以同样的方式开始下一页,就这样翻过书页,我可以轻松地用双手翻动,因为书页像纸板一样厚而硬,最大的对开本也不过十八到二十英尺长。

🔊
volumes /ˈvɑːljuːmz/
n. 卷,册
🔊
gallery /ˈɡæləri/
n. 画廊,走廊
🔊
whence /wens/
adv. 从那里,从何处
🔊
joiner /ˈdʒɔɪnər/
n. 细木工,木匠
🔊
contrived /kənˈtraɪvd/
v. 设计,谋划
🔊
moveable /ˈmuːvəbl/
adj. 可移动的
🔊
chamber /ˈtʃeɪmbər/
n. 房间,卧室
🔊
mounted /ˈmaʊntɪd/
v. 登上,骑上
🔊
descending /dɪˈsendɪŋ/
v. 下降,下坡
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stiff /stɪf/
adj. 硬的,僵硬的
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pasteboard /ˈpeɪstbɔːrd/
n. 纸板,硬纸板
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folios /ˈfoʊlioʊz/
n. 对开本,页码
🔊 Their style is clear, masculine, and smooth, but not florid; for they avoid nothing more than multiplying unnecessary words, or using various expressions. I have perused many of their books, especially those in history and morality. Among the rest, I was much diverted with a little old treatise, which always lay in Glumdalclitch's bed chamber, and belonged to her governess, a grave elderly gentlewoman, who dealt in writings of morality and devotion. The book treats of the weakness of human kind, and is in little esteem, except among the women and the vulgar. However, I was curious to see what an author of that country could say upon such a subject. This writer went through all the usual topics of European moralists, showing "how diminutive, contemptible, and helpless an animal was man in his own nature; how unable to defend himself from inclemencies of the air, or the fury of wild beasts: how much he was excelled by one creature in strength, by another in speed, by a third in foresight, by a fourth in industry." He added, "that nature was degenerated in these latter declining ages of the world, and could now produce only small abortive births, in comparison of those in ancient times." He said "it was very reasonable to think, not only that the species of men were originally much larger, but also that there must have been giants in former ages; which, as it is asserted by history and tradition, so it has been confirmed by huge bones and skulls, casually dug up in several parts of the kingdom, far exceeding the common dwindled race of men in our days." He argued, "that the very laws of nature absolutely required we should have been made, in the beginning of a size more large and robust; not so liable to destruction from every little accident, of a tile falling from a house, or a stone cast from the hand of a boy, or being drowned in a little brook." From this way of reasoning, the author drew several moral applications, useful in the conduct of life, but needless here to repeat. For my own part, I could not avoid reflecting how universally this talent was spread, of drawing lectures in morality, or indeed rather matter of discontent and repining, from the quarrels we raise with nature. And I believe, upon a strict inquiry, those quarrels might be shown as ill-grounded among us as they are among that people.

他们的文体清晰、刚健、流畅,但不华丽;因为他们最避免的就是堆砌不必要的词语或使用不同的表达方式。我阅读过他们的许多书籍,尤其是历史和道德方面的。其中,有一本一直放在葛兰达克利赤卧室里、属于她家庭教师(一位稳重老成的妇人,专写道德和宗教著作)的小旧书让我很感兴趣。这本书论述人类的弱点,除了妇女和普通人之外,几乎不受重视。然而,我很好奇想知道该国的一位作家对这样一个主题能说些什么。这位作者谈遍了欧洲道德学家的所有常见话题,表明“人在本性上是多么微不足道、可鄙和无助;多么无法抵御气候的严酷或野兽的狂暴;他在力量上被一种生物超越,在速度上被另一种超越,在预见性上被第三种超越,在勤勉上被第四种超越。”他补充说,“在当今这个世界日渐衰退的晚期,自然已经退化,与古代相比,现在只能产生渺小畸形的后代。”他说,“很有理由认为,不仅人类物种最初要大得多,而且古代肯定存在过巨人;这正如历史和传统所断言的那样,也由王国各地偶然挖出的巨大骨骼和头骨所证实,远远超过我们时代常见的那种萎缩的人类。”他论证道,“自然法则本身绝对要求我们在最初就应该被造得更大更强壮;不至于因屋顶落下一片瓦、或一个男孩随手扔来的石头、或一条小溪里被淹死这样的小意外而轻易丧生。”基于这种推理方式,作者得出了几条对生活有用的道德应用,但这里无需重复。就我自己而言,我不得不思考,从我们对自然的抱怨中引出道德教训,或者更确切地说引出不满和怨艾,这种才能是多么普遍地散发开来。而且我相信,经过严格探究,这些抱怨在我们中间和在那民族中间一样都是没有根据的。

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masculine /ˈmæskjəlɪn/
adj. 男性的,阳刚的
🔊
florid /ˈflɔːrɪd/
adj. 华丽的,绚丽的
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perused /pəˈruːzd/
v. 细读,研读
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diverted /daɪˈvɜːrtɪd/
v. 使娱乐,使转移
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treatise /ˈtriːtɪs/
n. 论文,专著
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governess /ˈɡʌvərnəs/
n. 女家庭教师
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grave /ɡreɪv/
adj. 严肃的,严重的
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gentlewoman /ˈdʒentlwʊmən/
n. 贵妇,淑女
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vulgar /ˈvʌlɡər/
adj. 粗俗的,庸俗的
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moralists /ˈmɔːrəlɪsts/
n. 道德家,伦理学者
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diminutive /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/
adj. 小的,微小的
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contemptible /kənˈtemptəbl/
adj. 可鄙的,卑劣的
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inclemencies /ɪnˈklemənsiz/
n. 严酷(天气),严寒
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fury /ˈfjʊri/
n. 暴怒,狂暴
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beasts /biːsts/
n. 野兽,动物
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excelled /ɪkˈseld/
v. 胜过,擅长(过去式)
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foresight /ˈfɔːrsaɪt/
n. 远见,先见之明
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degenerated /dɪˈdʒenəreɪtɪd/
v. 退化,堕落
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declining /dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/
adj. 下降的,衰退的
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abortive /əˈbɔːrtɪv/
adj. 失败的,夭折的
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giants /ˈdʒaɪənts/
n. 巨人,巨物
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asserted /əˈsɜːrtɪd/
v. 断言,声称
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skulls /skʌlz/
n. 头骨,骷髅
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casually /ˈkæʒuəli/
adv. 偶然地,随意地
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dwindled /ˈdwɪndld/
v. 缩小,减少
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robust /roʊˈbʌst/
adj. 强壮的,稳健的
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liable /ˈlaɪəbl/
adj. 易受影响的,有责任的
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tile /taɪl/
n. 瓦片,瓷砖
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brook /brʊk/
n. 小溪
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reasoning /ˈriːznɪŋ/
n. 推理,论证
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needless /ˈniːdləs/
adj. 不必要的,多余的
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universally /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəli/
adv. 普遍地,到处
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discontent /ˌdɪskənˈtent/
n. 不满,不满足
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repining /rɪˈpaɪnɪŋ/
n. 抱怨,埋怨
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quarrels /ˈkwɔːrəlz/
n. 争吵,吵架
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inquiry /ˈɪnkwəri/
n. 询问,调查
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ill-grounded /ɪl ˈɡraʊndɪd/
adj. 无根据的,站不住脚的
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species /ˈspiːʃiːz/
n. 物种,种类
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exceeding /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋ/
v. 超过(现在分词)

至于他们的军事,他们夸耀国王的军队有十七万六千步兵和三万二千骑兵:如果可以把由各城市商人和乡下农民组成的军队称为军队的话,他们的指挥官只是贵族和乡绅,没有薪饷或报酬。他们在操练方面确实非常熟练,纪律也十分良好,对此我并未看到什么了不起之处;因为每个农夫都听从自己地主的指挥,每个市民都听从自己城市主要人物的指挥(这些人物按照威尼斯的方式通过投票选出),又怎么会不这样呢?

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tradesmen /ˈtreɪdzmən/
n. 商人,工匠
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commanders /kəˈmændərz/
n. 指挥官,长官
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nobility /noʊˈbɪləti/
n. 贵族,高贵
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gentry /ˈdʒentri/
n. 士绅,上流人士
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discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/
n. 纪律,训练
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merit /ˈmerɪt/
n. 优点,价值
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ballot /ˈbælət/
n. 投票,选票

我经常看到洛布鲁格鲁德的民兵在城外一块二十平方英里的大操场上列队操练。他们总共不过两万五千步兵和六千骑兵;但考虑到他们占据的空间,我无法估算他们的实际数量。一名骑着一匹大马的骑士,大约有九十英尺高。我见过整个骑兵队伍,一声令下,同时拔出佩剑,在空中挥舞。想象力无法构想出如此宏伟、如此惊人、如此令人震撼的景象!看起来就像同时有上万道闪电从天空的四面八方射来。

🔊
militia /məˈlɪʃə/
n. 民兵,国民军
🔊
compute /kəmˈpjuːt/
v. 计算,估算
🔊
cavalier /ˌkævəˈlɪr/
n. 骑士,骑兵
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steed /stiːd/
n. 骏马,战马
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brandish /ˈbrændɪʃ/
v. 挥舞,炫耀
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astonishing /əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/
adj. 令人震惊的,惊人的
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lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/
n. 闪电
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darting /ˈdɑːrtɪŋ/
v. 疾飞,猛冲

我很好奇这位君主,其领地与其他国家隔绝,怎么会想到军队,或者教导他的人民军事训练。但通过与他们的交谈和阅读他们的历史,我很快了解到:因为在漫长的岁月中,他们一直受着全人类都容易遭受的同样疾病之苦--贵族常常争夺权力,人民争取自由,国王追求绝对统治。尽管这一切被那个王国的法律所和谐调节,但有时会被三方中的每一方所违反,并且不止一次引发内战;最后一场内战有幸由这位君王的祖父通过一项全面和解而结束;随后经共同同意而建立的民兵,自那以后一直保持着最严格的忠诚。

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subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
adj. 受支配的,易受…的
🔊
contending /kənˈtendɪŋ/
v. 竞争,争夺
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dominion /dəˈmɪniən/
n. 统治权,主权
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tempered /ˈtempərd/
v. 调和,缓和
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violated /ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd/
v. 违反,侵犯
🔊
occasioned /əˈkeɪʒnd/
v. 引起,导致
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composition /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn/
n. 协议,和解
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consent /kənˈsent/
n. 同意,许可
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。