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Part 4. A Voyage To The Country Of The Houyhnhnms – Chapter eight (第八章)

探索《格列佛游记》第8章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇和解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提高阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

我本应比主人自认为的更了解人性,因此很容易将他所描述的耶胡的特性套用到我自己和我的同胞身上;而且我相信,通过自己的观察还能有进一步的发现。于是,我经常恳求大人让我到附近的耶胡群中去;他总是很和蔼地应允,因为他深信我对这些畜生的憎恨决不会让我受到它们的腐蚀。大人还吩咐他的一名仆人--一匹强壮、诚实且性情温和的栗色小马--充当我的护卫;没有它的保护,我是不敢冒这种险的。因为我已经告诉过读者,我刚到这里时,这些可憎的动物是如何骚扰我的;后来又有三四次,当我碰巧离开较远而没带短刀时,险些落入它们的魔爪。我有理由相信,它们以为我跟它们是同类;当我的护卫在场时,我常常卷起袖子,把裸露的手臂和胸膛露给它们看,以此证明这一点。这时,它们会尽可能近地靠拢过来,像猴子一样模仿我的动作,但始终表现出极大的憎恨;就像一只戴着帽子穿着长袜的驯养穴鸟,一旦落到野穴鸟群中,总是会受到它们的迫害。

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graciously /ˈɡreɪʃəsli/
adv. 和蔼地;慈祥地
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convinced /kənˈvɪnst/
adj. 确信的;深信的
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hatred /ˈheɪtrɪd/
n. 仇恨;憎恨
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brutes /bruːts/
n. 畜生;粗野的人
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corrupted /kəˈrʌptɪd/
v. 腐蚀;使堕落
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pestered /ˈpestəd/
v. 纠缠;使烦恼
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odious /ˈəʊdiəs/
adj. 可憎的;令人讨厌的
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narrowly /ˈnærəʊli/
adv. 勉强地;狭窄地
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clutches /ˈklʌtʃɪz/
n. 魔爪;控制
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stray /streɪ/
v. 走失;偏离
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hanger /ˈhæŋər/
n. 挂剑带;短剑
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good-natured /ˌɡʊd ˈneɪtʃəd/
adj. 脾气好的;和蔼的
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undertake /ˌʌndəˈteɪk/
v. 承担;着手做
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consented /kənˈsentɪd/
v. 同意;许可
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imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/
n. 想象力;想象
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species /ˈspiːʃiːz/
n. 物种;种类
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protector /prəˈtektər/
n. 保护者;护卫
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imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/
v. 模仿;仿效
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persecuted /ˈpɜːsɪkjuːtɪd/
v. 迫害;纠缠
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suffer /ˈsʌfər/
v. 允许;遭受
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apply /əˈplaɪ/
v. 应用;适用
🔊 They are prodigiously nimble from their infancy. However, I once caught a young male of three years old, and endeavoured, by all marks of tenderness, to make it quiet; but the little imp fell a squalling, and scratching, and biting with such violence, that I was forced to let it go; and it was high time, for a whole troop of old ones came about us at the noise, but finding the cub was safe (for away it ran), and my sorrel nag being by, they durst not venture near us. I observed the young animal's flesh to smell very rank, and the stink was somewhat between a weasel and a fox, but much more disagreeable. I forgot another circumstance (and perhaps I might have the reader's pardon if it were wholly omitted), that while I held the odious vermin in my hands, it voided its filthy excrements of a yellow liquid substance all over my clothes; but by good fortune there was a small brook hard by, where I washed myself as clean as I could; although I durst not come into my master's presence until I was sufficiently aired. By what I could discover, the Yahoos appear to be the most unteachable of all animals: their capacity never reaching higher than to draw or carry burdens. Yet I am of opinion, this defect arises chiefly from a perverse, restive disposition; for they are cunning, malicious, treacherous, and revengeful. They are strong and hardy, but of a cowardly spirit, and, by consequence, insolent, abject, and cruel. It is observed, that the red-haired of both sexes are more libidinous and mischievous than the rest, whom yet they much exceed in strength and activity.

它们从小极其敏捷。不过,我曾抓到一只三岁的雄崽子,试图用各种温存的方式让它安静下来;但那小鬼竟又哭又叫,又抓又咬,凶猛异常,我只好放它走;而且当时也正该如此,因为一大群老耶胡听到声音围了过来,但发现小崽子已经安全跑掉,加上我的栗色小马在场,它们不敢靠近我们。我观察到这小动物的肉有股很浓的骚味,介于鼬鼠和狐狸之间,但更难闻。我还忘了一个细节(或许即使完全省略,读者也会原谅我):当我手里攥着这可恶的虫豸时,它把一泡黄色稀屎全拉在了我衣服上;幸好附近有条小溪,我尽力把自己洗干净了;尽管如此,我还是不敢去见主人,直到身上气味散尽。据我观察,耶胡是所有动物中最难调教的:它们的智力从未超过拉货驮物的程度。但我认为,这种缺陷主要源于它们乖戾倔强的性情;因为它们狡猾、恶毒、背信弃义、睚眦必报。它们身强力壮、吃苦耐劳,但生性怯懦,因此变得蛮横、卑贱、残忍。据发现,红毛的耶胡无论雌雄,都比其他耶胡更好淫、更恶作剧,而它们在力量和敏捷方面又远胜同类。

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prodigiously /prəˈdɪdʒəsli/
adv. 极其地,非常地
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nimble /ˈnɪmbl/
adj. 敏捷的,灵巧的
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endeavoured /ɪnˈdevəd/
v. 尽力,努力(endeavour的过去式)
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vermin /ˈvɜːmɪn/
n. 害虫,寄生虫

慧骃们把耶胡养在离房子不远的棚屋里供日常使用;其余的则放养到某些田野里,让它们挖根茎、吃各种草药、搜寻腐肉,或者有时抓些鼬鼠和鲁希慕斯(一种野鼠)来狼吞虎咽。大自然教会了它们在斜坡上用爪子挖深洞,独自住在里面;只有雌性的窝更大些,足以容纳两三个崽子。

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carrion /ˈkæriən/
n. 腐肉
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greedily /ˈɡriːdɪli/
adv. 贪婪地
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devour /dɪˈvaʊə/
v. 吞食,狼吞虎咽
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sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/
adj. 足够的,充分的
🔊 They swim from their infancy like frogs, and are able to continue long under water, where they often take fish, which the females carry home to their young. And, upon this occasion, I hope the reader will pardon my relating an odd adventure. Being one day abroad with my protector the sorrel nag, and the weather exceeding hot, I entreated him to let me bathe in a river that was near. He consented, and I immediately stripped myself stark naked, and went down softly into the stream. It happened that a young female Yahoo, standing behind a bank, saw the whole proceeding, and inflamed by desire, as the nag and I conjectured, came running with all speed, and leaped into the water, within five yards of the place where I bathed. I was never in my life so terribly frightened. The nag was grazing at some distance, not suspecting any harm. She embraced me after a most fulsome manner. I roared as loud as I could, and the nag came galloping towards me, whereupon she quitted her grasp, with the utmost reluctancy, and leaped upon the opposite bank, where she stood gazing and howling all the time I was putting on my clothes. This was a matter of diversion to my master and his family, as well as of mortification to myself. For now I could no longer deny that I was a real Yahoo in every limb and feature, since the females had a natural propensity to me, as one of their own species. Neither was the hair of this brute of a red colour (which might have been some excuse for an appetite a little irregular), but black as a sloe, and her countenance did not make an appearance altogether so hideous as the rest of her kind; for I think she could not be above eleven years old.

它们从小就像青蛙一样会游泳,能在水下待很长时间,常在水下捕鱼,由雌耶胡带回给幼崽吃。借此机会,我希望读者能原谅我讲述一件离奇的遭遇。一天,天气极热,我和护卫栗色小马外出,我恳求它让我在附近一条河里洗澡。它同意了,我立刻脱得赤条条,悄悄下到河里。恰巧有个年轻的雌耶胡站在岸后,看到了整个过程;据我和小马猜测,它欲火中烧,全速跑来,跳进水里,离我洗澡的地方不到五码。我这辈子从没这么害怕过。小马正在远处吃草,没有料到任何危险。它用极其令人作呕的方式抱住了我。我拼命吼叫,小马疾驰而来,它这才极不情愿地松开手,跳上对岸,站在那里一边嚎叫一边注视着我穿衣服。这件事让主人一家觉得有趣,却让我感到羞辱。因为现在我再也不能否认,从头到脚每一根毛发、每一个特征我都是一头真正的耶胡了,因为这些雌性对我有天然的好感,视我为同类。而且这畜生的头发并非红色(要是红色,或许还能为它有点出格的欲望开脱),而是像黑刺李一样乌黑,面容也不像其他同类那样面目可憎;因为我想它大概不过十一岁。

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entreated /ɪnˈtriːtɪd/
v. 恳求,乞求(entreat的过去式)
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inflamed /ɪnˈfleɪmd/
adj. 激怒的,被点燃的
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fulsome /ˈfʊlsəm/
adj. 过分恭维的,令人作呕的
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propensity /prəˈpensəti/
n. 倾向,习性
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hideous /ˈhɪdiəs/
adj. 丑陋的,骇人听闻的

在这个国家住了三年,我想读者会期望我跟其他旅行者一样,描述一下当地居民的习俗风尚--这确实是我学习的主要目标。

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inhabitants /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/
n. 居民,居住者
🔊 As these noble Houyhnhnms are endowed by nature with a general disposition to all virtues, and have no conceptions or ideas of what is evil in a rational creature, so their grand maxim is, to cultivate reason, and to be wholly governed by it. Neither is reason among them a point problematical, as with us, where men can argue with plausibility on both sides of the question, but strikes you with immediate conviction; as it must needs do, where it is not mingled, obscured, or discoloured, by passion and interest. I remember it was with extreme difficulty that I could bring my master to understand the meaning of the word opinion, or how a point could be disputable; because reason taught us to affirm or deny only where we are certain; and beyond our knowledge we cannot do either. So that controversies, wranglings, disputes, and positiveness, in false or dubious propositions, are evils unknown among the Houyhnhnms. In the like manner, when I used to explain to him our several systems of natural philosophy, he would laugh, "that a creature pretending to reason, should value itself upon the knowledge of other people's conjectures, and in things where that knowledge, if it were certain, could be of no use." Wherein he agreed entirely with the sentiments of Socrates, as Plato delivers them; which I mention as the highest honour I can do that prince of philosophers. I have often since reflected, what destruction such doctrine would make in the libraries of Europe; and how many paths to fame would be then shut up in the learned world.

既然这些高贵的慧骃天生具有一切美德的禀性,对于理性生物来说,根本不知道什么叫邪恶,那么它们的基本准则就是培养理性,完全受理性支配。理性在它们中间并非像在我们中间那样是一个可争辩的问题--人们可以振振有词地为问题的正反两面辩护--而是让你立刻信服;因为在没有激情和利益掺杂、歪曲或玷污的情况下,理性必然如此。我记得,我费了极大的劲才让主人理解“意见”这个词的意思,或者一个问题怎么会是可争论的;因为理性教我们只在确定时才肯定或否定,超出我们的知识范围就不能这样做。因此,在虚假或可疑的命题上进行争论、吵嘴、辩论和固执己见,在慧骃中是闻所未闻的恶习。同样,当我向主人解释我们的各种自然哲学体系时,他会大笑:“一个自称理性的生物,居然以知道别人的猜想而自傲,而且在这些事上,即使那种知识确凿无疑,也毫无用处。”在这点上,他完全同意苏格拉底在柏拉图转述中的观点;我提到这一点,是对这位哲学之王所能表示的最高敬意。我后来常常反思,这种学说会在欧洲的图书馆中造成多大的破坏,学术界的许多成名之路会因此被堵死。

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conceptions /kənˈsepʃənz/
n. 概念,观念(conception的复数)
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rational /ˈræʃənl/
adj. 理性的,合理的
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cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/
v. 培养,耕作
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plausibility /ˌplɔːzəˈbɪləti/
n. 可信性,合理性
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doctrine /ˈdɒktrɪn/
n. 教义,学说

友谊和仁爱是慧骃的两种主要美德;它们并不局限于特定对象,而是针对整个种族;因为来自最遥远地方的陌生人与最近的邻居受到同等对待,无论走到哪里,都觉得自己是在家里。它们极其讲究体面和礼貌,但完全不懂礼仪。它们对自己的马驹或幼驹并无溺爱,教育它们仅仅出于理性的驱使。我注意到,主人对他邻居的孩子也表现出对自己孩子同样的关爱。它们偶尔会谈天似地互相询问对某匹慧骃美貌的看法;但这就像我们赞美一匹骏马一样,毫无虐待它的意图。

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benevolence /bəˈnevələns/
n. 仁慈;善意
🔊
universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsl/
adj. 普遍的;全体的
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remotest /rɪˈmoʊtɪst/
adj. 最遥远的(remote 的最高级)
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decency /ˈdiːsnsi/
n. 得体;正派
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civility /sɪˈvɪləti/
n. 礼貌;文明举止
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ignorant /ˈɪɡnərənt/
adj. 无知的;不了解的
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ceremony /ˈserəmoʊni/
n. 仪式;礼节
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fondness /ˈfɑːndnəs/
n. 喜爱;钟爱
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colts /koʊlts/
n. 马驹(尤指公马驹)
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foals /foʊlz/
n. 马驹(一岁以下的马)
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dictates /ˈdɪkteɪts/
n. 指示;命令(复数形式)
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issue /ˈɪʃuː/
n. 子女;后代(古语用法)

当母慧骃生下一雄一雌后,就不再与配偶同居,除非因意外失去一个孩子(这种情况极少);但若如此,它们会再次结合;或者当类似的不幸发生在妻子已过了生育期的慧骃身上,其他夫妇就会把自己的一个幼驹送给他,然后它们再同居直到母马受孕。这种谨慎是必要的,以防止国家人口过密。但那些被培养成仆人的下等慧骃种族,在这点上不受如此严格的限制:它们被允许生三雄三雌,在贵族家庭中服务。

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matron /ˈmeɪtrən/
n. 主妇;年长已婚妇女;女总管
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consorts /ˈkɑːnsɔːrts/
n. 配偶(复数)
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casualty /ˈkæʒuəlti/
n. 伤亡者;事故
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befalls /bɪˈfɔːlz/
v. 降临;发生(befall 的第三人称单数)
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past bearing /pæst ˈberɪŋ/
phrase. 过了生育年龄
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bestow /bɪˈstoʊ/
v. 给予;授予
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overburdened /ˌoʊvərˈbɜːrdnd/
adj. 负担过重的
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inferior /ɪnˈfɪriər/
adj. 低等的;较差的
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bred up /bred ʌp/
phrase. 被养育长大
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article /ˈɑːrtɪkl/
n. 条款;项目
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domestics /dəˈmestɪks/
n. 仆人(复数)

在婚姻中,它们十分谨慎地选择毛色,以免后代出现不愉快的混杂。雄性主要看重力量,雌性看重美貌;这不是出于爱情,而是为了防止种族退化;因为当雌性碰巧在力量上出众时,就会选择外貌俊美的配偶。求婚、爱情、馈赠、寡妇产业、赡养费,这些在它们的头脑中毫无地位,它们的语言中也没有表达这些的词汇。年轻夫妇相遇并结合,仅仅是因为父母和朋友的决定;这是它们每天看到的事情,并视之为理性生物的必要行为之一。但违反婚姻或不贞洁的事从未听说过;已婚夫妇彼此以对待所有同类的同样友谊和仁爱度过一生,毫无嫉妒、溺爱、争吵或不满。

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disagreeable /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbl/
adj. 令人不快的;讨厌的
🔊
comeliness /ˈkʌmlinəs/
n. 美貌;标致
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degenerating /dɪˈdʒenəreɪtɪŋ/
v. 退化;堕落(degenerate 的现在分词)
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consort /ˈkɑːnsɔːrt/
n. 配偶(尤指帝王或贵族的配偶)
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courtship /ˈkɔːrtʃɪp/
n. 求爱;求偶
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jointures /ˈdʒɔɪntʃərz/
n. 寡妇所得产(法律术语)
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settlements /ˈsetlmənts/
n. 财产协议;定居点 (复数)
🔊
whereby /werˈbaɪ/
adv. 凭借;通过……(关系副词)
🔊
violation /ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn/
n. 违反;违背
🔊
unchastity /ʌnˈtʃæstəti/
n. 不贞;淫荡
🔊
discontent /ˌdɪskənˈtent/
n. 不满;不愉快

在教育青年男女方面,它们的方法令人赞叹,非常值得我们效仿。未成年之前,除非在特定日子,它们不准尝一粒燕麦;牛奶也很少喝;夏季里,它们早上放牧两小时,晚上也放牧两小时,父母也一样;但仆人的放牧时间不超过一半,而且大部分草料被带回家,在最适合的空闲时间里吃。

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admirable /ˈædmərəbl/
adj. 令人钦佩的;极佳的
🔊
imitation /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 模仿;仿效
🔊
graze /ɡreɪz/
v. 吃草;放牧
🔊
convenient /kənˈviːniənt/
adj. 方便的;便利的
🔊
spared /sperd/
v. 抽出(时间);省去(spare 的过去分词)

节制、勤劳、锻炼和清洁是男女幼驹同样必须遵守的训诫;我的主人认为,我们给女性提供不同于男性的教育(除了一些家务管理)是极其荒谬的;他正确地指出,这样一来,我们一半的国民除了生孩子以外毫无用处;而把我们的孩子托付给这种无用的动物照料,他说,是更野蛮的行为。

🔊
Temperance /ˈtempərəns/
n. 节制;克制(尤指饮食饮酒)
🔊
industry /ˈɪndəstri/
n. 勤奋;勤劳(古义)
🔊
monstrous /ˈmɑːnstrəs/
adj. 荒谬的;可怕的;巨大的
🔊
brutality /bruːˈtæləti/
n. 残忍;野蛮行为

但慧骃们通过让青年在陡峭的山坡上和硬石地上来回赛跑来锻炼他们,使他们具备力量、速度和耐力;当它们浑身大汗时,就命令它们跳进池塘或河流,没顶而过。每年四次,某个地区的青年集中展示它们在奔跑、跳跃以及其他力量和敏捷技巧方面的才能;获胜者会获得一首歌颂它的歌曲作为奖赏。在这个节日里,仆人们把一群耶胡赶到田里,驮着干草、燕麦和牛奶,作为慧骃的餐食;之后,这些畜生立刻被赶回去,以免它们污染了集会。

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hardiness /ˈhɑːrdinəs/
n. 坚韧;耐性;强壮
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proficiency /prəˈfɪʃənsi/
n. 熟练,精通
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feats /fiːts/
n. 功绩;技艺表演
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agility /əˈdʒɪləti/
n. 敏捷,灵活
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victor /ˈvɪktər/
n. 胜利者
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laden /ˈleɪdən/
adj. 装满的,负载的
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repast /rɪˈpæst/
n. 餐,饮食
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noisome /ˈnɔɪsəm/
adj. 令人不快的;有害的
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assembly /əˈsemblɪ/
n. 集会;装配

每四年,在春分时举行一次全国代表大会,地点在离我们家大约二十英里的一片平原上,会议持续五六天。会上,它们调查各个地区的状况:干草和燕麦、牛群和耶胡是充足还是短缺;哪里有任何匮乏(这种情况很少),立即通过一致同意和捐献来补充。同样,在这里也解决了关于孩子的调配问题:例如,如果某匹慧骃有两个雄性,它就与另一个有两个雌性的慧骃交换一个;如果幼儿因意外丢失,而母亲已过了生育期,就决定由本地区的哪个家庭再繁殖一个来弥补损失。

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vernal /ˈvɜːrnl/
adj. 春天的
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equinox /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/
n. 昼夜平分时,春分或秋分
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vernal equinox /ˈvɜːrnl ˈiːkwɪnɒks/
n. 春分
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representative /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/
n. 代表;代表性的
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council /ˈkaʊnsl/
n. 委员会,议会
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representative council /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv ˈkaʊnsl/
n. 代表会议,代议机构
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inquire /ɪnˈkwaɪər/
v. 询问;调查
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abound /əˈbaʊnd/
v. 大量存在;充满
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deficient /dɪˈfɪʃnt/
adj. 不足的,缺乏的
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unanimous /juˈnænɪməs/
adj. 一致同意的,无异议的
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consent /kənˈsent/
n. 同意,许可
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unanimous consent /juˈnænɪməs kənˈsent/
n. 一致同意
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contribution /ˌkɑːntrɪˈbjuːʃn/
n. 贡献;捐款
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regulation /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/
n. 规则;管理
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breeding /ˈbriːdɪŋ/
n. 繁殖;教养
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breed /briːd/
v. 繁殖;教养
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。