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Book I. A Just Man – Chapter thirteen: What He Believed (第十三章:他所相信的)

探索《悲惨世界》第13章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细IELTS词汇及解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读能力。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

我们并无义务在正统教义上试探迪涅地区的主教。面对这样一位灵魂,我们心中唯有敬意。义人的良知应当凭其言语被接纳。况且,既然天性如此,我们承认,在与我们不同的信仰中,人类美德的一切美好风貌都可能发展出来。

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obliged /əˈblaɪdʒd/
v. 迫使;负有义务
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orthodoxy /ˈɔːrθədɒksi/
n. 正统;正统观念
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conscience /ˈkɒnʃəns/
n. 良心;良知
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Moreover /mɔːrˈoʊvər/
adv. 此外;而且
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virtue /ˈvɜːrtʃuː/
n. 美德;优点

他对这个教条或那个奥秘有何看法?这些良心底层法庭的秘密只有坟墓知晓,因为灵魂进入坟墓时是赤裸的。我们确信的一点是,信仰的困难在他身上从未化约为虚伪。钻石不会腐朽。他尽其所能地相信。“我信父,”他常常高呼。此外,他从善行中获得足以满足良心的满足感,这满足感向人低语:“你与上帝同在!”

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dogma /ˈdɔːɡmə/
n. 教条;教义
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mystery /ˈmɪstəri/
n. 奥秘;神秘
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hypocrisy /hɪˈpɒkrəsi/
n. 虚伪;伪善
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decay /dɪˈkeɪ/
n. 腐烂;衰退
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suffices /səˈfaɪsɪz/
v. 足够(第三人称单数)
🔊 The point which we consider it our duty to note is, that outside of and beyond his faith, as it were, the Bishop possessed an excess of love. It was in that quarter, quia multum amavit-- because he loved much--that he was regarded as vulnerable by "serious men," "grave persons" and "reasonable people;" favorite locutions of our sad world where egotism takes its word of command from pedantry. What was this excess of love? It was a serene benevolence which overflowed men, as we have already pointed out, and which, on occasion, extended even to things. He lived without disdain. He was indulgent towards God's creation. Every man, even the best, has within him a thoughtless harshness which he reserves for animals. The Bishop of D⁠⸺ had none of that harshness, which is peculiar to many priests, nevertheless. He did not go as far as the Brahmin, but he seemed to have weighed this saying of Ecclesiastes: "Who knoweth whither the soul of the animal goeth?" Hideousness of aspect, deformity of instinct, troubled him not, and did not arouse his indignation. He was touched, almost softened by them. It seemed as though he went thoughtfully away to seek beyond the bounds of life which is apparent, the cause, the explanation, or the excuse for them. He seemed at times to be asking God to commute these penalties. He examined without wrath, and with the eye of a linguist who is deciphering a palimpsest, that portion of chaos which still exists in nature. This reverie sometimes caused him to utter odd sayings. One morning he was in his garden, and thought himself alone, but his sister was walking behind him, unseen by him: suddenly he paused and gazed at something on the ground; it was a large, black, hairy, frightful spider. His sister heard him say:-- "Poor beast! It is not its fault!" Why not mention these almost divinely childish sayings of kindness? Puerile they may be; but these sublime puerilities were peculiar to Saint Francis d'Assisi and of Marcus Aurelius. One day he sprained his ankle in his effort to avoid stepping on an ant. Thus lived this just man. Sometimes he fell asleep in his garden, and then there was nothing more venerable possible.

我们认为有必要指出的一点是,在他的信仰之外,可以说,主教拥有一种过剩的爱。正是在这一点上,因为他爱得多,他被“严肃的人”“庄重的人”和“理性的人”视为脆弱之处--这是我们悲苦世界的常用措辞,在这个世界里,利己主义从迂腐那里获取命令。这种过剩的爱是什么?它是一种宁静的仁慈,漫溢到众人身上,正如我们已经指出的那样,并且有时甚至延伸到事物之上。他活着不怀轻蔑。他对上帝的造物宽厚。每个人,即使是最好的,内心都存有一种不经意的冷酷,专留给动物。迪涅地区的主教却没有这种冷酷,尽管许多神父特有这种冷酷。他并未走到婆罗门那一步,但他似乎斟酌过《传道书》中的这句话:“谁知道动物的灵魂往哪里去呢?”丑陋的外貌、扭曲的本能,并不会困扰他,也不会激起他的愤怒。他反而被它们触动,几乎软化。他似乎常常陷入沉思,去超越可见的生命界限,寻找它们的原因、解释或借口。他似乎有时在向上帝请求减轻这些惩罚。他以语言学家的眼光审视自然中仍然存在的混沌部分,不加愤怒,只是解读一份重写本。这种沉思有时会让他说出奇特的话语。一天早晨,他在花园里,以为只有自己一人,但他的姐姐走在他身后,他没有看见;他忽然停下,凝视着地上的什么东西:那是一只巨大的、黑毛的、可怕的黑蜘蛛。他的姐姐听见他说:“可怜的小东西!这不是它的错!”为什么不提这些近乎神明的稚气善良之言呢?它们或许幼稚;但这些崇高的稚气是圣方济各和马可·奥勒留所特有的。有一天,他为了躲开一只蚂蚁而扭伤了脚踝。这位义人就是这样生活的。有时他会在花园里睡着,那时再没有比这更令人肃然起敬的了。

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excess /ɪkˈses/
n. 过量;过多
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vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/
adj. 脆弱的;易受攻击的
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benevolence /bəˈnevələns/
n. 仁慈;善行
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indulgent /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/
adj. 宽容的;纵容的
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venerable /ˈvenərəbl/
adj. 令人尊敬的;庄严的

卞福汝主教从前,如果关于他青年时期甚至壮年时期的传闻可信的话,曾是一个性情热烈、或许还暴躁的人。他那种普遍的温和与其说是天性本能,不如说是一种伟大信念的结果,这种信念通过生活媒介渗透进他的心灵,一点一滴地、逐思渐入;因为在性格中,如同在岩石中,可能存在水滴凿出的孔洞。这些孔洞无法磨灭;这些形成物不可摧毁。

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formerly /ˈfɔːrmərli/
adv. 以前;从前
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suavity /ˈswɑːvəti/
n. 温和;文雅
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conviction /kənˈvɪkʃn/
n. 信念;定罪
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apertures /ˈæpərtʃərz/
n. 孔;缝隙(复数)
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indestructible /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/
adj. 不可摧毁的

1815年,正如我们自认为已经说过的那样,他迎来了七十五岁生日,但他看起来不超过六十岁。他个子不高,相当丰满;为了克服这种倾向,他喜欢长时间散步;他步履坚定,身形只是微微佝偻,这一细节我们并不打算从中得出任何结论。格里高利十六世在八十岁时仍然挺直腰板、面带微笑,但这并不妨碍他成为一个坏主教。卞福汝主教拥有人们所说的“漂亮头颅”,但他如此和蔼可亲,以至于人们忘记了它漂亮。

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combat /ˈkɒmbæt/
v. 与...战斗;抵抗
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tendency /ˈtendənsi/
n. 趋势;倾向
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amiable /ˈeɪmiəbl/
adj. 和蔼可亲的
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erect /ɪˈrekt/
adj. 直立的;挺直的
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bishop /ˈbɪʃəp/
n. 主教

当他以那种稚气的欢快(我们已提到过这是他魅力之一)交谈时,人们感到与他相处自在,欢乐似乎从他的整个人散发出来。他那红润清新的面色、洁白完整的牙齿(全都保留着,微笑时便露出来)赋予他那种开朗轻松的神态,让人对一个男人说“他是个好人”,对一位老人说“他是个好样的人”。回想起来,这就是他给拿破仑留下的印象。初次相遇,对于一个第一次见到他的人来说,他实际上不过是个好样的人。但如果在他身边待上几个小时,并且看到他哪怕有一丝沉思,这个好样的人便逐渐变形,染上某种庄严的品质,我说不清是什么;他那宽阔严肃的额头,被白发衬托得威严,也因沉思而变得庄严;仁慈中放射出威严,但仁慈仍不失其光彩;人们体验到一种感动,如同看见一个微笑的天使缓缓展开翅膀,同时保持着微笑。一种不可言喻的敬意逐渐渗透到你心中,你感到面前是一个坚强、久经考验、宽容的灵魂,其思想如此宏大,以至于只能化为温柔。

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conversed /kənˈvɜːrst/
v. 交谈(过去式)
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radiate /ˈreɪdieɪt/
v. 辐射;散发
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complexion /kəmˈplekʃn/
n. 肤色;面色
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pensive /ˈpensɪv/
adj. 沉思的;忧郁的
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majesty /ˈmædʒəsti/
n. 威严;陛下
🔊 As we have seen, prayer, the celebration of the offices of religion, alms-giving, the consolation of the afflicted, the cultivation of a bit of land, fraternity, frugality, hospitality, renunciation, confidence, study, work, filled every day of his life. Filled is exactly the word; certainly the Bishop's day was quite full to the brim, of good words and good deeds. Nevertheless, it was not complete if cold or rainy weather prevented his passing an hour or two in his garden before going to bed, and after the two women had retired. It seemed to be a sort of rite with him, to prepare himself for slumber by meditation in the presence of the grand spectacles of the nocturnal heavens. Sometimes, if the two old women were not asleep, they heard him pacing slowly along the walks at a very advanced hour of the night. He was there alone, communing with himself, peaceful, adoring, comparing the serenity of his heart with the serenity of the ether, moved amid the darkness by the visible splendor of the constellations and the invisible splendor of God, opening his heart to the thoughts which fall from the Unknown. At such moments, while he offered his heart at the hour when nocturnal flowers offer their perfume, illuminated like a lamp amid the starry night, as he poured himself out in ecstasy in the midst of the universal radiance of creation, he could not have told himself, probably, what was passing in his spirit; he felt something take its flight from him, and something descend into him. Mysterious exchange of the abysses of the soul with the abysses of the universe!

正如我们所见,祈祷、宗教仪式、施舍、安慰受苦者、耕种一小块土地、友爱、节俭、好客、克己、信赖、学习、工作,填满了他生活的每一天。“填满”一词恰如其分;主教的日子的确充满了善言善行。然而,如果寒冷或下雨的天气使他在两个女人就寝后、上床前,无法在花园里度过一两个小时,那这一天便不完整。这似乎成了他的一种仪式:在夜空的壮丽景象面前沉思,为睡眠做准备。有时,如果那两个老妇人还没睡着,她们会听到他在深夜时分沿着小径缓步而行。他独自在那里,与自己交流,平静,崇拜,将内心的宁静与苍穹的宁静相比较,在黑暗中受可见的星座光辉和不可见的上帝光辉所打动,向从未知中降下的思想敞开内心。在这样的时刻,当他把心献上,就像夜间花朵奉献芬芳,像一灯在星空之夜中照亮,当他在造物普照的光辉中陶醉地倾泻自己时,他可能无法说出自己心中发生着什么;他感到某种东西从他身上飞升,又有什么东西降临到他身上。灵魂深渊与宇宙深渊的神秘交换!

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alms-giving /ˈɑːmz ɡɪvɪŋ/
n. 施舍;救济
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fraternity /frəˈtɜːrnəti/
n. 博爱;兄弟会
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renunciation /rɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/
n. 放弃;自我克制
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nocturnal /nɒkˈtɜːrnl/
adj. 夜间的;夜间活动的
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ecstasy /ˈekstəsi/
n. 狂喜;入迷

他思考上帝的伟大与临在;思考未来的永恒,那奇异的神秘;思考过去的永恒,一个更为奇异的神秘;思考所有的无限,它们在他眼前穿透他所有的感官;他并不试图理解那不可理解之物,只是凝视。他不研究上帝,而是被他照亮。他思考那些原子的美妙结合,它们赋予物质外观,通过验证它们而揭示力量,在统一中创造个体性,在范围中创造比例,在无限中创造无数,并通过光产生美。这些结合不断地形成和解体;因而有了生与死。

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grandeur /ˈɡrændʒər/
n. 宏伟;壮观
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infinities /ɪnˈfɪnɪtiz/
n. 无限(复数)
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comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/
v. 理解;领会
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magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/
adj. 壮丽的;宏伟的
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incessantly /ɪnˈsesntli/
adv. 不间断地;持续地

他在一张木凳上坐下,背靠一株老葡萄藤;他望着星星,越过他那矮小发育不良的果树剪影。这四分之一英亩的土地,种植得如此贫乏,塞满了简陋的建筑和棚屋,却为他所珍视,满足了他的需要。

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decrepit /dɪˈkrepɪt/
adj. 破旧的;衰老的
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puny /ˈpjuːni/
adj. 弱小的;微不足道的
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silhouettes /ˌsɪluˈets/
n. 轮廓;剪影(复数)
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encumbered /ɪnˈkʌmbərd/
v. 妨碍;阻塞(过去分词)
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sheds /ʃedz/
n. 棚屋(复数)

这位老人还需要什么呢?他生命的闲暇(其实闲暇并不多)分为白天的园艺和夜晚的沉思。这狭窄的园地,以天空为穹顶,难道还不足以让他轮流在上帝最神圣的造物中崇拜上帝吗?事实上,这不就包含了一切吗?除此之外还有什么可欲求的呢?一个小花园,可以散步;一片无垠,可以梦想。脚下是可以耕种和采摘的;头顶是可以研究和沉思的:地上的一些花朵,天上的所有星辰。

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leisure /ˈleʒər/
n. 闲暇;休闲
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contemplation /ˌkɒntəmˈpleɪʃn/
n. 沉思;冥想
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enclosure /ɪnˈkloʊʒər/
n. 围场;圈地
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immensity /ɪˈmensəti/
n. 巨大;无限
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plucked /plʌkt/
v. 采摘(过去分词)
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。