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Book Thirteen: 1812 – Chapter nine (第九章)

探索《战争与和平》第9章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 With regard to military matters, Napoleon immediately on his entry into Moscow gave General Sabastiani strict orders to observe the movements of the Russian army, sent army corps out along the different roads, and charged Murat to find Kutúzov. Then he gave careful directions about the fortification of the Krémlin, and drew up a brilliant plan for a future campaign over the whole map of Russia.

关于军事方面,拿破仑一进入莫斯科,便给塞巴斯蒂亚尼将军下达严格命令,要求他严密监视俄国军队的动向,派出军团沿各条道路前进,并责令缪拉寻找库图佐夫。随后,他仔细指示了克里姆林宫的防御工事,并在整张俄国地图上制定了一项宏大的未来战役计划。

🔊
military /ˈmɪlɪtəri/
adj. 军事的
🔊
matters /ˈmætərz/
n. 事务
🔊
entry /ˈɛntri/
n. 进入;入口
🔊
strict /strɪkt/
adj. 严格的
🔊
observe /əbˈzɜːv/
v. 观察;遵守
🔊
movements /ˈmuːvmənts/
n. 运动;行动
🔊
corps /kɔːr/
n. 军团
🔊
charged /tʃɑːrdʒd/
v. 命令;指控
🔊
fortification /ˌfɔːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/
n. 防御工事
🔊
brilliant /ˈbrɪljənt/
adj. 杰出的;辉煌的
🔊
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/
n. 战役;活动
🔊 With regard to diplomatic questions, Napoleon summoned Captain Yákovlev, who had been robbed and was in rags and did not know how to get out of Moscow, minutely explained to him his whole policy and his magnanimity, and having written a letter to the Emperor Alexander in which he considered it his duty to inform his Friend and Brother that Rostopchín had managed affairs badly in Moscow, he dispatched Yákovlev to Petersburg.

关于外交问题,拿破仑召见了被抢劫后衣衫褴褛、不知如何离开莫斯科的大尉雅科夫列夫,详细向他阐述了自己的全部政策和宽宏大量,并给亚历山大皇帝写了一封信,信中他认为自己有责任告知他的朋友和兄弟,拉斯托普钦在莫斯科管理不当,随后他派遣雅科夫列夫前往彼得堡。

🔊
diplomatic /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/
adj. 外交的
🔊
summoned /ˈsʌmənd/
v. 召唤
🔊
robbed /rɑːbd/
v. 抢劫
🔊
rags /ræɡz/
n. 破布
🔊
minutely /maɪˈnjuːtli/
adv. 详细地
🔊
magnanimity /ˌmæɡnəˈnɪməti/
n. 宽宏大量
🔊
considered /kənˈsɪdərd/
v. 认为;考虑
🔊
duty /ˈduːti/
n. 责任
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inform /ɪnˈfɔːrm/
v. 通知
🔊
affairs /əˈfeərz/
n. 事务
🔊
managed /ˈmænɪdʒd/
v. 管理;设法
🔊
dispatched /dɪˈspætʃt/
v. 派遣;发送

同样地,他也向图托尔明解释了自己的观点和宽宏大量,并派这位老人前往彼得堡进行谈判。

🔊
similarly /ˈsɪmɪlərli/
adv. 相似地
🔊
views /vjuːz/
n. 观点
🔊
negotiate /nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪt/
v. 谈判
🔊 With regard to legal matters, immediately after the fires he gave orders to find and execute the incendiaries. And the scoundrel Rostopchín was punished by an order to burn down his houses.

关于法律事务,火灾发生后他立即下令查找并处决纵火犯。而恶棍拉斯托普钦受到惩罚,被命令烧毁自己的房屋。

🔊
legal /ˈliːɡl/
adj. 法律的
🔊
immediately /ɪˈmiːdiətli/
adv. 立即
🔊
execute /ˈeksɪkjuːt/
v. 执行;处决
🔊
incendiaries /ɪnˈsendɪəriz/
n. 纵火者
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scoundrel /ˈskaʊndrəl/
n. 恶棍
🔊
punished /ˈpʌnɪʃt/
v. 惩罚
🔊 With regard to administrative matters, Moscow was granted a constitution. A municipality was established and the following announcement issued:

关于行政事务,莫斯科获得了一部宪法。成立了市政府,并发布了以下公告:

🔊
administrative /ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv/
adj. 行政的
🔊
granted /ˈɡræntɪd/
v. 授予
🔊
constitution /ˌkɑːnstɪˈtuːʃn/
n. 宪法
🔊
municipality /mjuːˌnɪsɪˈpæləti/
n. 市政当局
🔊
established /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/
v. 建立
🔊
announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/
n. 公告
🔊
issued /ˈɪʃuːd/
v. 发布
🔊 INHABITANTS OF MOSCOW!

莫斯科居民!

🔊
INHABITANTS /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/
n. 居民

你们的苦难是残酷的,但皇帝和国王陛下希望终止它们。可怕的例子已经教会你们他如何惩罚不服从和罪行。已采取严厉措施结束混乱并重建公共安全。一个慈父般的行政机构将从你们中间选出,将组成你们的市政府。它将照顾你们,满足你们的需求和福祉。其成员将佩戴红色肩带以示区别,市长将额外佩戴白色腰带。但非执勤时,他们将只在左臂上佩戴红色肩带。

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misfortunes /mɪsˈfɔːrtʃənz/
n. 不幸
🔊
desires /dɪˈzaɪərz/
v. 渴望
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arrest /əˈrɛst/
v. 逮捕;阻止
🔊
punishes /ˈpʌnɪʃɪz/
v. 惩罚(第三人称单数)
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disobedience /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/
n. 不服从
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disorder /dɪsˈɔːrdər/
n. 混乱
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re-establish /ˌriː ɪˈstæblɪʃ/
v. 重建
🔊
paternal /pəˈtɜːrnl/
adj. 父亲般的;慈父的
🔊
welfare /ˈwɛlfɛr/
n. 福利;福祉
🔊
distinguished /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/
adj. 著名的;卓越的
🔊 The city police is established on its former footing, and better order already prevails in consequence of its activity. The government has appointed two commissaries general, or chiefs of police, and twenty commissaries or captains of wards have been appointed to the different wards of the city. You will recognize them by the white ribbon they will wear on the left arm. Several churches of different denominations are open, and divine service is performed in them unhindered. Your fellow citizens are returning every day to their homes and orders have been given that they should find in them the help and protection due to their misfortunes. These are the measures the government has adopted to re-establish order and relieve your condition. But to achieve this aim it is necessary that you should add your efforts and should, if possible, forget the misfortunes you have suffered, should entertain the hope of a less cruel fate, should be certain that inevitable and ignominious death awaits those who make any attempt on your persons or on what remains of your property, and finally that you should not doubt that these will be safeguarded, since such is the will of the greatest and most just of monarchs. Soldiers and citizens, of whatever nation you may be, re-establish public confidence, the source of the welfare of a state, live like brothers, render mutual aid and protection one to another, unite to defeat the intentions of the evil-minded, obey the military and civil authorities, and your tears will soon cease to flow!

警察局已恢复原有编制,其活动已使秩序更加良好。政府任命了两名总专员或警察局长,并为城市各区任命了二十名专员或街区警长。你们将通过他们左臂上佩戴的白色肩带认出他们。几个不同教派的教堂开放,神圣的礼拜不受阻碍地举行。你们的同胞每天返回家园,已下令他们应在那里得到应有的帮助和保护。这些是政府为恢复秩序和改善你们处境所采取的措施。但要实现这一目标,你们必须尽自己的努力,如果可能,忘记所遭受的不幸,怀抱对不那么残酷命运的期望,确信任何侵犯你们人身或剩余财产的人都将面临不可避免的耻辱死亡,最后,你们不应怀疑这些措施将得到保障,因为这是最伟大、最公正的君主的意志。士兵和公民,无论你们属于哪个民族,重建公共信心--国家福祉的源泉,像兄弟一样生活,互相帮助和保护,团结起来挫败邪恶之人的意图,服从军政当局,你们的眼泪将很快停止流淌!

🔊
prevails /prɪˈveɪlz/
v. 盛行;占优势
🔊
consequence /ˈkɑːnsɪkwɛns/
n. 结果;后果
🔊
denominations /dɪˌnɑːmɪˈneɪʃənz/
n. 教派;面额
🔊
divine /dɪˈvaɪn/
adj. 神圣的
🔊
unhindered /ʌnˈhɪndərd/
adj. 不受阻碍的
🔊
inevitable /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbl/
adj. 不可避免的
🔊
ignominious /ˌɪɡnəˈmɪniəs/
adj. 可耻的
🔊
safeguarded /ˈseɪfɡɑːrdɪd/
v. 保护
🔊
monarchs /ˈmɒnərks/
n. 君主
🔊
render /ˈrɛndər/
v. 给予;提供
🔊
mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/
adj. 相互的
🔊
evil-minded /ˌiːvəl ˈmaɪndɪd/
adj. 恶意的
🔊
authorities /əˈθɔːrɪtiz/
n. 当局
🔊
cease /siːs/
v. 停止
🔊 With regard to supplies for the army, Napoleon decreed that all the troops in turn should enter Moscow à la maraude to obtain provisions for themselves, so that the army might have its future provided for.

关于军队补给,拿破仑下令所有部队轮流进入莫斯科以掠夺的方式获取给养,以便军队未来有所保障。

🔊
supplies /səˈplaɪz/
n. 供应品
🔊
decreed /dɪˈkriːd/
v. 颁布
🔊
troops /truːps/
n. 军队
🔊
à la maraude /a la maʁod/
adv. 抢劫地(法语)
🔊
obtain /əbˈteɪn/
v. 获得
🔊
provisions /prəˈvɪʒnz/
n. 给养;供应

关于宗教,拿破仑下令召回神父,在教堂重新举行礼拜仪式。

🔊
religion /rɪˈlɪdʒən/
n. 宗教
🔊
priests /priːsts/
n. 牧师
🔊
ordered /ˈɔːrdərd/
v. 命令
🔊 With regard to commerce and to provisioning the army, the following was placarded everywhere:

关于商业和军队补给,以下告示四处张贴:

🔊
commerce /ˈkɑːmɜːrs/
n. 商业
🔊
provisioning /prəˈvɪʒənɪŋ/
n. 供应
🔊
placarded /ˈplækɑːrdɪd/
v. 张贴公告
🔊 PROCLAMATION

公告

🔊
PROCLAMATION /ˌprɒkləˈmeɪʃn/
n. 宣言
🔊 You, peaceful inhabitants of Moscow, artisans and workmen whom misfortune has driven from the city, and you scattered tillers of the soil, still kept out in the fields by groundless fear, listen! Tranquillity is returning to this capital and order is being restored in it. Your fellow countrymen are emerging boldly from their hiding places on finding that they are respected. Any violence to them or to their property is promptly punished. His Majesty the Emperor and King protects them, and considers no one among you his enemy except those who disobey his orders. He desires to end your misfortunes and restore you to your homes and families. Respond, therefore, to his benevolent intentions and come to us without fear. Inhabitants, return with confidence to your abodes! You will soon find means of satisfying your needs. Craftsmen and industrious artisans, return to your work, your houses, your shops, where the protection of guards awaits you! You shall receive proper pay for your work. And lastly you too, peasants, come from the forests where you are hiding in terror, return to your huts without fear, in full assurance that you will find protection! Markets are established in the city where peasants can bring their surplus supplies and the products of the soil. The government has taken the following steps to ensure freedom of sale for them: (1) From today, peasants, husbandmen, and those living in the neighborhood of Moscow may without any danger bring their supplies of all kinds to two appointed markets, of which one is on the Mokhávaya Street and the other at the Provision Market. (2) Such supplies will be bought from them at such prices as seller and buyer may agree on, and if a seller is unable to obtain a fair price he will be free to take his goods back to his village and no one may hinder him under any pretense. (3) Sunday and Wednesday of each week are appointed as the chief market days and to that end a sufficient number of troops will be stationed along the highroads on Tuesdays and Saturdays at such distances from the town as to protect the carts. (4) Similar measures will be taken that peasants with their carts and horses may meet with no hindrance on their return journey. (5) Steps will immediately be taken to re-establish ordinary trading.

你们,莫斯科的和平居民、工匠和工人,被不幸驱离城市,以及你们散居的农民,仍因无端恐惧滞留田野,听着!平静正回归首都,秩序正在恢复。你们的同胞发现受到尊重,正勇敢地从藏身处走出来。任何对他们或他们财产的暴力行为都会立即受到惩罚。皇帝和国王陛下保护他们,除违抗命令者外,不认为你们中任何人是他的敌人。他希望结束你们的不幸,让你们回到家园和亲人身边。因此,回应他的仁慈意图,毫无恐惧地来到我们这里。居民们,放心回到你们的住所!你们将很快找到满足需求的方法。工匠和勤劳的工人,回到你们的工作、房屋、商店,那里有警卫保护等待着你们!你们将因劳动获得适当报酬。最后,你们这些农民,从恐惧中藏身的森林出来,毫无恐惧地回到你们的茅屋,完全确信你们将得到保护!城市设立了市场,农民可以带来剩余农产品和土产。政府已采取以下步骤确保他们自由出售:(1)从今天起,农民、农夫和莫斯科附近居民可以安全地将其各种供应品送到两个指定市场,一个在莫霍瓦亚街,另一个在粮食市场。(2)这些供应品将按买卖双方同意的价格购买,如果卖方无法获得公平价格,他将可以自由将货物带回村庄,任何人不得以任何借口阻挠。(3)每周三和周日被定为主要赶集日,为此将在周二和周六沿公路在离城适当距离处部署足够部队保护车辆。(4)将采取类似措施,确保农民及其车马在返程途中不受阻碍。(5)立即采取措施恢复普通贸易。

🔊
artisans /ˌɑːrtɪˈzænz/
n. 工匠
🔊
workmen /ˈwɜːrkmən/
n. 工人
🔊
misfortune /mɪsˈfɔːrtʃən/
n. 不幸(单数)
🔊
scattered /ˈskætərd/
adj. 分散的
🔊
tillers /ˈtɪlərz/
n. 耕种者
🔊
groundless /ˈɡraʊndləs/
adj. 毫无根据的
🔊
Tranquillity /træŋˈkwɪlɪti/
n. 宁静
🔊
countrymen /ˈkʌntrimən/
n. 同胞
🔊
emerging /ɪˈmɜːrdʒɪŋ/
v. 出现
🔊
boldly /ˈboʊldli/
adv. 勇敢地
🔊
violence /ˈvaɪələns/
n. 暴力
🔊
Majesty /ˈmædʒəsti/
n. 陛下
🔊
Emperor /ˈɛmpərər/
n. 皇帝
🔊
protects /prəˈtɛkts/
v. 保护
🔊
considers /kənˈsɪdərz/
v. 考虑;认为
🔊
disobey /ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ/
v. 不服从
🔊
benevolent /bəˈnɛvələnt/
adj. 仁慈的
🔊
abodes /əˈboʊdz/
n. 住所
🔊
Craftsmen /ˈkræftsmən/
n. 工匠
🔊
industrious /ɪnˈdʌstriəs/
adj. 勤勉的
🔊
assurance /əˈʃʊrəns/
n. 保证
🔊
surplus /ˈsɜːrpləs/
adj. 剩余的
🔊
ensure /ɪnˈʃʊr/
v. 确保
🔊
sale /seɪl/
n. 销售
🔊
husbandmen /ˈhʌzbəndmən/
n. 农夫
🔊
pretense /prɪˈtɛns/
n. 借口
🔊
sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/
adj. 足够的
🔊
stationed /ˈsteɪʃnd/
v. 驻扎
🔊
hindrance /ˈhɪndrəns/
n. 障碍
🔊
trading /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/
n. 贸易

城市和乡村的居民,以及你们,工人和工匠,无论属于哪个民族,都被呼吁执行皇帝和国王陛下的慈父意图,并为公共福利与他合作!在他脚下献上你们的尊敬和信任,不要拖延加入我们!

🔊
villages /ˈvɪlɪdʒɪz/
n. 村庄
🔊
workingmen /ˈwɜːrkɪŋmən/
n. 劳动者
🔊
co-operate /koʊˈɑːpəreɪt/
v. 合作

为了鼓舞军队和人民的士气,不断举行阅兵并分发奖励。皇帝骑马穿过街道安慰居民,尽管国务繁忙,仍亲自视察他下令建立的剧院。

🔊
spirits /ˈspɪrɪts/
n. 士气;精神
🔊
reviews /rɪˈvjuːz/
n. 检阅;评论
🔊
constantly /ˈkɑːnstəntli/
adv. 持续地
🔊
distributed /dɪˈstrɪbjuːtɪd/
v. 分发
🔊
preoccupation /priːˌɑːk.jəˈpeɪʃn/
n. 全神贯注
🔊
state affairs /steɪt əˈfeərz/
n. 国家事务

关于慈善--君主的最高美德,拿破仑也尽其权力所能。他在慈善机构上题写了我母亲的房子字样,从而将温柔的孝心与君主庄严的仁慈结合起来。他访问了弃婴收容所,让被他拯救的孤儿亲吻他的白皙双手,亲切地与图托尔明交谈。然后,正如梯也尔雄辩地叙述的那样,他下令用他准备好的假卢布支付士兵薪水:“通过一项配得上他自己和法国军队的行为来提高这些手段的使用,他让救济品分发给被烧毁房屋的人。但由于食物过于珍贵,不能送给大多是敌人的外国人,拿破仑更愿意给他们钱从外面购买食物,于是给他们分发了纸卢布。”

🔊
philanthropy /fɪˈlænθrəpi/
n. 慈善,博爱
🔊
charitable /ˈtʃærɪtəbl/
adj. 慈善的,仁慈的
🔊
filial /ˈfɪliəl/
adj. 子女的,孝顺的
🔊
benevolence /bəˈnevləns/
n. 仁慈,善心
🔊
monarch /ˈmɒnək/
n. 君主,帝王
🔊
orphans /ˈɔːfənz/
n. 孤儿(复数)
🔊
graciously /ˈɡreɪʃəsli/
adv. 亲切地,仁慈地
🔊
eloquently /ˈeləkwəntli/
adv. 雄辩地,有口才地
🔊
forged /fɔːdʒd/
adj. 伪造的
🔊
relief /rɪˈliːf/
n. 救济,减轻
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precious /ˈpreʃəs/
adj. 珍贵的,宝贵的
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foreigners /ˈfɒrɪnəz/
n. 外国人(复数)

关于军队纪律,不断发布命令,对不履行军事职责和抢劫行为处以严厉惩罚。

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inflict /ɪnˈflɪkt/
v. 施加(惩罚、痛苦等)
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nonperformance /ˌnɒnpərˈfɔːməns/
n. 不履行,未执行
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suppress /səˈpres/
v. 镇压,抑制
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。