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Part 4. A Voyage To The Country Of The Houyhnhnms – Chapter two (第二章)

探索《格列佛游记》第2章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇和解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提高阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

走了大约三英里,我们来到一座长长的建筑,木桩插地,枝条编结;屋顶低矮,覆盖稻草。我现在开始稍感安慰;拿出一些旅行者通常携带的玩具,作为送给美洲和其他地方野蛮印第安人的礼物,希望屋里的人会因此和善地接待我。那匹马示意我先走进去;这是一个大房间,地面是光滑的黏土,一侧有贯穿整个长度的饲料架和食槽。有三匹公马和两匹母马,没有在吃草,有的蹲坐在地上,这让我非常奇怪;但更奇怪的是看到其余的在干家务活;这些似乎只是普通的牲畜。然而,这证实了我最初的看法:一个能如此教化野兽的民族,必在智慧上超越世上所有国家。那匹灰马随后进来,因此阻止了其他马可能对我的虐待。它用权威的口气嘶叫了几次,并得到了回应。

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savage /ˈsævɪdʒ/
adj. 野蛮的;未开化的
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civilise /ˈsɪvəlaɪz/
v. 使文明;教化
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brute /bruːt/
adj. 野兽般的;残忍的
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excel /ɪkˈsel/
v. 擅长;胜过
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wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/
n. 智慧;明智
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authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/
n. 权威;权力
🔊 Beyond this room there were three others, reaching the length of the house, to which you passed through three doors, opposite to each other, in the manner of a vista. We went through the second room towards the third. Here the gray walked in first, beckoning me to attend: I waited in the second room, and got ready my presents for the master and mistress of the house; they were two knives, three bracelets of false pearls, a small looking-glass, and a bead necklace. The horse neighed three or four times, and I waited to hear some answers in a human voice, but I heard no other returns than in the same dialect, only one or two a little shriller than his. I began to think that this house must belong to some person of great note among them, because there appeared so much ceremony before I could gain admittance. But, that a man of quality should be served all by horses, was beyond my comprehension. I feared my brain was disturbed by my sufferings and misfortunes. I roused myself, and looked about me in the room where I was left alone: this was furnished like the first, only after a more elegant manner. I rubbed my eyes often, but the same objects still occurred. I pinched my arms and sides to awake myself, hoping I might be in a dream. I then absolutely concluded, that all these appearances could be nothing else but necromancy and magic. But I had no time to pursue these reflections; for the gray horse came to the door, and made me a sign to follow him into the third room where I saw a very comely mare, together with a colt and foal, sitting on their haunches upon mats of straw, not unartfully made, and perfectly neat and clean.

这个房间之外还有三间,贯穿房屋的长度,通过三道彼此相对的门,宛如一条长甬道。我们穿过第二个房间走向第三个。灰马先行进去,示意我跟随;我在第二个房间等候,并准备好给男女主人的礼物:两把刀,三个假珍珠手镯,一面小镜子,一条珠链。那匹马嘶叫了三四次,我等待着听到人声的回答,但除了同一种语言的回应外,没有别的,只有一两声比他的更尖细。我开始认为这房屋一定属于他们中的某位大人物,因为在我被允许进入前有如此多的礼节。但是,一个高贵的人竟然全部由马侍候,这超出了我的理解。我担心我的头脑因我的苦难和不幸而混乱。我打起精神,环视我独自留下的这个房间:陈设与第一个相似,只是更为雅致。我频揉眼睛,但眼前仍是同样的景象。我掐自己的胳膊和腰想唤醒自己,希望自己是在做梦。然后我绝对断定,所有这些现象只能是巫术和魔法。但我没时间继续这些反思;因为那匹灰马来门口,示意我跟他进入第三个房间,我看到一匹非常漂亮的母马,还有一匹小雄马和一匹小雌马,蹲坐在稻草垫上,垫子制作得不算不精巧,而且十分整洁干净。

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vista /ˈvɪstə/
n. 远景;眺望
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beckoning /ˈbekənɪŋ/
v. 招手;召唤(beckon的现在分词)
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dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/
n. 方言;土语
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ceremony /ˈserəməni/
n. 仪式;典礼
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admittance /ədˈmɪtəns/
n. 进入权;入场
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comprehension /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn/
n. 理解;理解力
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misfortunes /ˌmɪsˈfɔːrtʃənz/
n. 不幸;灾难(misfortune的复数)
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elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/
adj. 优雅的;精美的
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necromancy /ˈnekrəʊmænsi/
n. 巫术;通灵术
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pursue /pərˈsjuː/
v. 追求;追赶
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comely /ˈkʌmli/
adj. 标致的;清秀的
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haunches /hɔːntʃɪz/
n. 臀部(动物后腿的上部)

我进入后不久,那母马从草垫上起身,走近前来,仔细察看了我的双手和脸庞后,给了我极其轻蔑的一瞥;然后转向那匹马,我听到它们之间反复说出耶胡这个词;这个词的含义我当时无法理解,尽管这是我学会发音的第一个词。但很快我就有了更清楚的了解,这让我永远感到羞辱;因为那匹马用头示意我,并重复路上曾发出的“hhuun, hhuun”,我明白是要我跟它去,它领我来到一个类似庭院的地方,那里有一座离房屋有一段距离的建筑。我们进去后,我看到三个我登陆后首先遇到的那种可憎的生物,在吃树根和一些动物的肉,后来我发现那是驴和狗的肉,有时还有意外或病死的牛。它们都被粗韧的枝条系着脖子,固定在梁上;它们用前爪抓住食物,用牙齿撕扯。

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contemptuous /kənˈtemptʃuəs/
adj. 轻蔑的;鄙视的
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Yahoo /jəˈhuː/
n. 耶胡(格列佛游记中一种人形野兽)
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betwixt /bɪˈtwɪkst/
prep. 在……之间(古语,同between)
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comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/
v. 理解;领悟
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everlasting /ˌevərˈlɑːstɪŋ/
adj. 永久的;永恒的
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mortification /ˌmɔːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/
n. 羞愧;耻辱
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detestable /dɪˈtestəbl/
adj. 可憎的;令人厌恶的
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withes /wɪðz/
n. 柳条;藤条(用于捆扎)
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beam /biːm/
n. 横梁;光束

那匹主人马吩咐一匹栗色公马(它的仆人)解开其中最大的一头,带到院子里。那野兽和我被放在一起,主人和仆人仔细比较我们的相貌,然后反复说了几次耶胡这个词。当我在这个令人厌恶的动物身上看到完美的人形时,我的恐惧和惊讶无法形容:它的脸确实扁而宽,鼻子塌陷,嘴唇大,嘴巴宽;但这些差异在野蛮民族中很常见,他们的面容轮廓由于让婴儿趴在地上,或背在背上脸贴着母亲的肩膀而扭曲。耶胡的前爪与我的手区别仅在于指甲的长度、手掌的粗糙和棕色,以及手背多毛。我们的脚也有同样的相似之处和差异;我对此很清楚,尽管马因为我的鞋袜而不知道;我们身体其他部分也相同,除了我已描述的毛发和颜色。

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countenances /ˈkaʊntɪnənsɪz/
n. 面容;表情(countenance的复数)
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diligently /ˈdɪlɪdʒəntli/
adv. 勤奋地;勤勉地
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thereupon /ˌðeərəˈpɒn/
adv. 于是;随即
🔊
astonishment /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/
n. 惊讶;惊愕
🔊
abominable /əˈbɒmɪnəbl/
adj. 可恶的;糟糕的
🔊
lineaments /ˈlɪniəmənts/
n. 面貌;特征(常用复数)
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countenance /ˈkaʊntɪnəns/
n. 面容;表情
🔊
distorted /dɪˈstɔːrtɪd/
adj. 扭曲的;变形的
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grovelling /ˈɡrɒvlɪŋ/
v. 匍匐;卑躬屈膝(grovel的现在分词)
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nuzzling /ˈnʌzlɪŋ/
v. 用鼻子摩擦;依偎(nuzzle的现在分词)
🔊
fore-feet /ˈfɔːr fiːt/
n. 前脚(动物)
🔊
coarseness /ˈkɔːrsnəs/
n. 粗糙;粗俗
🔊
brownness /ˈbraʊnnəs/
n. 褐色;棕色
🔊
hairiness /ˈheərinəs/
n. 多毛;毛茸茸
🔊
resemblance /rɪˈzembləns/
n. 相似;相似之处
🔊 The great difficulty that seemed to stick with the two horses, was to see the rest of my body so very different from that of a Yahoo, for which I was obliged to my clothes, whereof they had no conception. The sorrel nag offered me a root, which he held (after their manner, as we shall describe in its proper place) between his hoof and pastern; I took it in my hand, and, having smelt it, returned it to him again as civilly as I could. He brought out of the Yahoos' kennel a piece of ass's flesh; but it smelt so offensively that I turned from it with loathing: he then threw it to the Yahoo, by whom it was greedily devoured. He afterwards showed me a wisp of hay, and a fetlock full of oats; but I shook my head, to signify that neither of these were food for me. And indeed I now apprehended that I must absolutely starve, if I did not get to some of my own species; for as to those filthy Yahoos, although there were few greater lovers of mankind at that time than myself, yet I confess I never saw any sensitive being so detestable on all accounts; and the more I came near them the more hateful they grew, while I stayed in that country. This the master horse observed by my behaviour, and therefore sent the Yahoo back to his kennel. He then put his fore-hoof to his mouth, at which I was much surprised, although he did it with ease, and with a motion that appeared perfectly natural, and made other signs, to know what I would eat; but I could not return him such an answer as he was able to apprehend; and if he had understood me, I did not see how it was possible to contrive any way for finding myself nourishment. While we were thus engaged, I observed a cow passing by, whereupon I pointed to her, and expressed a desire to go and milk her. This had its effect; for he led me back into the house, and ordered a mare-servant to open a room, where a good store of milk lay in earthen and wooden vessels, after a very orderly and cleanly manner. She gave me a large bowlful, of which I drank very heartily, and found myself well refreshed.

那两匹马似乎最大的困难是看到我的身体其他部分与耶胡如此不同,这多亏了我的衣服,它们对此毫无概念。那栗色马给我一根树根,它用蹄子和跗关节之间的方式(就像我们将在适当地方描述的那样)拿着;我接过来闻了闻,很礼貌地还给它。它从耶胡的窝里拿出一块驴肉;但气味太臭,我厌恶地转过身;然后它把肉扔给了耶胡,被贪婪地吞食了。之后它给我看一小捆干草和一满口铁蹄装的燕麦;但我摇摇头,表示这些都不是我的食物。现在我确实明白,如果我找不到同类,我肯定会饿死;因为对于那些肮脏的耶胡,尽管当时比我更爱人类的人不多,但我承认我从没见过如此各种意义上令人厌恶的感官生物;我越靠近它们,它们就越可恨,在我留在那个国家期间一直如此。主人马从我的行为觉察到了这一点,于是把耶胡送回窝里。然后它把前蹄放到嘴边,这让我非常惊讶,尽管它做得很轻松,动作看起来很自然,并做了其他手势,想知道我想吃什么;但我无法给它一个它能理解的回答;即使它理解了我,我也看不出如何找到供养自己的办法。我们正忙活的时候,我看到一头母牛经过,于是我指向它,表示想去挤奶。这起了作用;他带我回到屋里,吩咐一匹母马仆人打开一个房间,里面以非常整齐干净的方式在陶器和木器里储存着大量牛奶。她给了我一大碗,我痛快地喝了,觉得精神大振。

🔊
whereof /weərˈɒv/
adv. 关于那个;其中(古语)
🔊
conception /kənˈsepʃn/
n. 概念;观念
🔊
hoof /huːf/
n.
🔊
pastern /ˈpæstɜːrn/
n. (马的)蹄冠
🔊
civilly /ˈsɪvəli/
adv. 有礼貌地;文明地
🔊
kennel /ˈkenl/
n. 狗窝;畜舍
🔊
offensively /əˈfensɪvli/
adv. 令人讨厌地;冒犯地
🔊
loathing /ˈləʊðɪŋ/
n. 厌恶;憎恨
🔊
greedily /ˈɡriːdɪli/
adv. 贪婪地
🔊
devoured /dɪˈvaʊərd/
v. 吞食;吞噬(devour的过去式)
🔊
wisp /wɪsp/
n. 一小束;一缕
🔊
fetlock /ˈfetlɒk/
n. (马的)球节
🔊
signify /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/
v. 表示;意味
🔊
apprehended /ˌæprɪˈhendɪd/
v. 理解;担心(apprehend的过去式)
🔊
apprehend /ˌæprɪˈhend/
v. 理解;逮捕
🔊
filthy /ˈfɪlθi/
adj. 肮脏的;污秽的
🔊
sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/
adj. 敏感的;灵敏的
🔊
contrive /kənˈtraɪv/
v. 设法做到;策划
🔊
nourishment /ˈnʌrɪʃmənt/
n. 营养;食物
🔊
mare-servant /ˈmeər ˈsɜːrvənt/
n. 母马仆人(复合词)
🔊
earthen /ˈɜːrθən/
adj. 陶制的;土制的
🔊
vessels /ˈveslz/
n. 容器;船只(vessel的复数)
🔊
bowlful /ˈbəʊlfʊl/
n. 一满碗的量
🔊
heartily /ˈhɑːrtɪli/
adv. 尽情地;衷心地

将近中午,我看到一个像雪橇由四只耶胡拖着的车辆向房子驶来。车上有一匹老马,看起来身份高贵;它后脚先着地下来,因为左前脚意外受伤。它来和我们这匹马一起吃饭,后者很客气地接待了它。它们在最上等的房间用餐,第二道菜是用牛奶煮的燕麦,老马吃热的,其余马吃冷的。它们的食槽在房间中央摆成一圈,分成若干隔间,它们蹲坐在稻草堆上围着食槽。中间有个大架,有角对应食槽的每个隔间;所以每匹公马和母马都吃自己的干草和自己的燕麦牛奶糊,很有规矩和秩序。小雄马和小雌马的行为很谦逊,男女主人对客人非常愉快和殷勤。灰马让我站在它旁边;它和它的朋友之间关于我交谈了许多,我从陌生人频频看我以及不断重复耶胡这个词察觉到的。

🔊
vehicle /ˈviːɪkl/
n. 车辆;交通工具
🔊
sledge /sledʒ/
n. 雪橇
🔊
Yahoos /jəˈhuːz/
n. 耶胡(复数)
🔊
steed /stiːd/
n. 骏马;战马
🔊
alighted /əˈlaɪtɪd/
v. 下(马、车等);降落(alight的过去式)
🔊
hind-feet /ˈhaɪnd fiːt/
n. 后脚(复数)
🔊
fore-foot /ˈfɔːr fʊt/
n. 前脚(单数)
🔊
civility /səˈvɪləti/
n. 礼貌;彬彬有礼
🔊
circular /ˈsɜːrkjələr/
adj. 圆形的;循环的
🔊
partitions /pɑːrˈtɪʃnz/
n. 隔板;分隔(partition的复数)
🔊
bosses /ˈbɒsɪz/
n. (草或藤等的)凸起的捆束;老板(复数)
🔊
mash /mæʃ/
n. 糊状饲料;土豆泥
🔊
decency /ˈdiːsnsi/
n. 得体;正派
🔊
regularity /ˌreɡjuˈlærəti/
n. 规律性;定期
🔊
modest /ˈmɒdɪst/
adj. 谦虚的;适度的
🔊
complaisant /kəmˈpleɪzənt/
adj. 殷勤的;顺从的
🔊
discourse /dɪsˈkɔːrs/
n. 交谈;演讲
🔊
concerning /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/
prep. 关于
🔊
repetition /ˌrepəˈtɪʃn/
n. 重复;反复

我碰巧戴着我的手套,灰马主人看到似乎困惑,表现出惊奇的样子,不知道我对自己的前爪做了什么。它用蹄子碰了它们三四次,好像在示意我应该恢复原状,我立刻照做,脱下两只手套,放进衣袋。这引起了更多谈话;我看出大家对我的行为很满意,我很快发现了良好的效果。我被命令说几个我懂的词;吃饭时,主人教我学燕麦、牛奶、火、水以及其他一些词的名称,我跟着它很快就能发音,因为我从小就很容易学语言。

🔊
perplexed /pərˈplekst/
adj. 困惑的;不知所措的
🔊
occasioned /əˈkeɪʒənd/
v. 引起;导致(occasion的过去式)
🔊
readily /ˈredɪli/
adv. 迅速地;乐意地
🔊
facility /fəˈsɪləti/
n. 天赋;设施;便利
🔊 When dinner was done, the master horse took me aside, and by signs and words made me understand the concern he was in that I had nothing to eat. Oats in their tongue are called hlunnh. This word I pronounced two or three times; for although I had refused them at first, yet, upon second thoughts, I considered that I could contrive to make of them a kind of bread, which might be sufficient, with milk, to keep me alive, till I could make my escape to some other country, and to creatures of my own species. The horse immediately ordered a white mare servant of his family to bring me a good quantity of oats in a sort of wooden tray. These I heated before the fire, as well as I could, and rubbed them till the husks came off, which I made a shift to winnow from the grain. I ground and beat them between two stones; then took water, and made them into a paste or cake, which I toasted at the fire and eat warm with milk. It was at first a very insipid diet, though common enough in many parts of Europe, but grew tolerable by time; and having been often reduced to hard fare in my life, this was not the first experiment I had made how easily nature is satisfied. And I cannot but observe, that I never had one hour's sickness while I stayed in this island. It is true, I sometimes made a shift to catch a rabbit, or bird, by springs made of Yahoo's hairs; and I often gathered wholesome herbs, which I boiled, and ate as salads with my bread; and now and then, for a rarity, I made a little butter, and drank the whey. I was at first at a great loss for salt, but custom soon reconciled me to the want of it; and I am confident that the frequent use of salt among us is an effect of luxury, and was first introduced only as a provocative to drink, except where it is necessary for preserving flesh in long voyages, or in places remote from great markets; for we observe no animal to be fond of it but man, and as to myself, when I left this country, it was a great while before I could endure the taste of it in anything that I ate.

饭后,那匹主人马把我拉到一边,通过手势和言语让我明白它担心我没东西吃。“燕麦”在他们语言中叫“hlunnh”。我把这个词说了两三遍;因为虽然我最初拒绝了,但再一想,我琢磨可以把它做成一种面包,加上牛奶足以维持生命,直到我能逃到别的国家,找到同类。那匹马立即吩咐它家里的白母马仆人用木托盘给我拿来大量燕麦。我在火上尽可能烤热,然后搓擦掉外壳,勉强把壳扬掉。我将燕麦在两块石头间碾磨捣碎,然后加水调成面团或饼,在火上烤熟,蘸牛奶趁热吃。起初这饮食非常乏味,尽管在欧洲许多地方很常见,但时间长了也能忍受;而且我一生中多次被迫忍受粗劣食物,所以这不是第一次体验自然多么容易满足。而且我不能不注意到,我待在这个岛上从未有过一小时的病痛。的确,我有时用耶胡毛制成的弹簧套捕捉兔子或鸟;我还经常采集有益健康的草药,煮熟后蘸面包当沙拉吃;偶尔,作为一种稀罕物,我会做一点黄油,喝乳清。最初我很缺盐,但习惯很快让我适应了无盐;我确信我们频繁使用盐是奢侈的结果,最初只是作为饮酒的刺激物引入,除非在长途航行或远离大市场的地方需要保存肉类;因为我们观察到没有动物喜欢盐,除了人;就我自己而言,当我离开这个国家后,很长一段时间我才能忍受任何食物中的盐味。

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sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/
adj. 足够的;充分的
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tray /treɪ/
n. 托盘;盘子
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husks /hʌsks/
n. 外壳;皮(husk的复数)
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winnow /ˈwɪnəʊ/
v. 簸扬;筛选;辨别
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insipid /ɪnˈsɪpɪd/
adj. 淡而无味的;枯燥乏味的
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tolerable /ˈtɒlərəbl/
adj. 可忍受的;尚可的
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fare /feər/
n. 食物;车费;生活
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experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/
n. 实验;试验
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springs /sprɪŋz/
n. 弹簧;陷阱;泉(spring的复数)
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wholesome /ˈhəʊlsəm/
adj. 有益健康的;健全的
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herbs /hɜːrbz/
n. 药草;香草(herb的复数)
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rarity /ˈreərəti/
n. 稀有;珍品
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whey /weɪ/
n. 乳清
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reconciled /ˈrekənsaɪld/
v. 使和解;使接受(reconcile的过去式)
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luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/
n. 奢侈;奢侈品
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provocative /prəˈvɒkətɪv/
n. 刺激物;挑衅的东西
🔊
preserving /prɪˈzɜːrvɪŋ/
v. 保存;保藏(preserve的现在分词)
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voyages /ˈvɔɪɪdʒɪz/
n. 航行;旅行(voyage的复数)
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remote /rɪˈməʊt/
adj. 遥远的;偏僻的
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endure /ɪnˈdjʊər/
v. 忍受;持久

关于我的饮食,说这些就够了,其他旅行者会把这类内容写满书,仿佛读者个人关心我们吃得好坏似的。然而,有必要提一下这件事,以免世人认为我在这样一个国家、在这样一群居民中三年不可能找到食物。

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wherewith /weəˈwɪθ/
adv. 用以;用什么(古语)
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lest /lest/
conj. 以免;唯恐
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sustenance /ˈsʌstɪnəns/
n. 食物;生计;营养

临近傍晚,那匹主人马给我安排住处;离房子只有六码,与耶胡的马厩分开。我弄了些稻草,用衣服盖住自己,睡得很沉。但不久我就得到了更好的住宿,读者以后会知道,当我更详细地谈我的生活方式时。

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lodge /lɒdʒ/
v. 住宿;停留
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stable /ˈsteɪbl/
n. 马厩;畜栏
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accommodated /əˈkɒmədeɪtɪd/
adj. 得到安置的;适应了的
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hereafter /hɪərˈɑːftər/
adv. 今后;此后
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。