🔊 Of what is revolt composed? Of nothing and of everything. Of an electricity disengaged, little by little, of a flame suddenly darting forth, of a wandering force, of a passing breath. This breath encounters heads which speak, brains which dream, souls which suffer, passions which burn, wretchedness which howls, and bears them away.

反叛由何构成？由虚无与万物构成。由逐渐释放的电流、突然迸发的火焰、游荡的力量、转瞬即逝的气息构成。这股气息遇上会说话的头脑、会梦想的灵魂、会受苦的心灵、会燃烧的激情、会嚎叫的苦难,并将它们一并卷走。

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revolt /rɪˈvəʊlt/

n. 起义,反抗,叛乱➕

🔊 Whither?

去往何处？

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Whither /ˈwɪðər/

adv. 往何处,到哪里➕

🔊 At random. Athwart the state, the laws, athwart prosperity and the insolence of others. Irritated convictions, embittered enthusiasms, agitated indignations, instincts of war which have been repressed, youthful courage which has been exalted, generous blindness; curiosity, the taste for change, the thirst for the unexpected, the sentiment which causes one to take pleasure in reading the posters for the new play, and love, the prompter's whistle, at the theatre; the vague hatreds, rancors, disappointments, every vanity which thinks that destiny has bankrupted it; discomfort, empty dreams, ambitions that are hedged about, whoever hopes for a downfall, some outcome, in short, at the very bottom, the rabble, that mud which catches fire--such are the elements of revolt. That which is grandest and that which is basest; the beings who prowl outside of all bounds, awaiting an occasion, bohemians, vagrants, vagabonds of the crossroads, those who sleep at night in a desert of houses with no other roof than the cold clouds of heaven, those who, each day, demand their bread from chance and not from toil, the unknown of poverty and nothingness, the bare-armed, the barefooted, belong to revolt. Whoever cherishes in his soul a secret revolt against any deed whatever on the part of the state, of life or of fate, is ripe for riot, and, as soon as it makes its appearance, he begins to quiver, and to feel himself borne away with the whirlwind.

漫无目的。横冲直撞于国家、法律、他人的繁荣与傲慢之间。被激怒的信念、苦涩的热忱、骚动的愤慨、被压抑的战争本能、被激扬的少年勇气、慷慨的盲目；好奇、对变化的喜好、对意外之事的渴求、读新剧海报时的愉悦感、以及对舞台提示哨声的爱恋；模糊的仇恨、积怨、失望,每一种认为自己被命运抛弃的虚荣；不适、空洞的梦想、受困的野心,每个期待覆灭、期待某种结局的人,归根结底,底层民众--那种会燃烧的烂泥--皆是反叛的要素。最高贵与最卑劣之物；游荡于一切界限之外、等待时机的生灵,波希米亚人、流浪汉、十字路口的漂泊者,那些夜宿于房屋荒漠、唯以天上寒云为屋顶的人,那些日日向偶然而非劳作乞求面包的人,贫困与虚无的未知之物,赤臂赤足者,都属于反叛。凡是在灵魂深处对任何国家、生活或命运的所作所为心怀隐秘反叛之人,皆已为暴乱准备成熟,一旦暴乱现身,他便开始颤抖,并感到自己被旋风裹挟而去。

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random /ˈrændəm/

adj. 随机的,任意的➕

🔊 Revolt is a sort of waterspout in the social atmosphere which forms suddenly in certain conditions of temperature, and which, as it eddies about, mounts, descends, thunders, tears, razes, crushes, demolishes, uproots, bearing with it great natures and small, the strong man and the feeble mind, the tree trunk and the stalk of straw. Woe to him whom it bears away as well as to him whom it strikes! It breaks the one against the other.

反叛是社会大气中的一种水龙卷,在特定温度条件下骤然形成,它旋转着上升、下降、轰鸣、撕裂、夷平、粉碎、摧毁、连根拔起,带着伟大的灵魂与渺小的灵魂,强者与弱者,树干与稻草。无论被它卷走的人还是被它击中的人,都有祸了！它将两者互相撞碎。

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waterspout /ˈwɔːtəspaʊt/

n. 水龙卷,水柱➕

🔊 It communicates to those whom it seizes an indescribable and extraordinary power. It fills the firstcomer with the force of events; it converts everything into projectiles. It makes a cannonball of a rough stone, and a general of a porter.

它赋予被其攫住的人一种难以言喻的非凡力量。它让第一个遇到的人充满事件的力量；它将一切化为投射物。它让一块粗糙的石头变成炮弹,让一个搬运工变成将军。

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extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːrdɪneri/

adj. 非凡的,特别的➕

🔊 If we are to believe certain oracles of crafty political views, a little revolt is desirable from the point of view of power. System: revolt strengthens those governments which it does not overthrow. It puts the army to the test; it consecrates the bourgeoisie, it draws out the muscles of the police; it demonstrates the force of the social framework. It is an exercise in gymnastics; it is almost hygiene. Power is in better health after a revolt, as a man is after a good rubbing down.

假如我们相信某些阴险政治观点的预言家,从权力的角度来看,小小的反叛是可取的。体系:反叛若不能推翻政府,便使其巩固。它考验军队；它圣化资产阶级；它锻炼警察的肌肉；它展示社会框架的力量。这是一种体操练习；几乎是卫生学。权力在反叛之后更加健康,如同一个人得到良好按摩之后。

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bourgeoisie /ˌbʊərʒwɑːˈziː/

n. 中产阶级,资产阶级➕

🔊 Revolt, thirty years ago, was regarded from still other points of view.

三十年前,人们从另外的角度看待反叛。

🔊 There is for everything a theory, which proclaims itself "good sense;" Philintus against Alcestis; mediation offered between the false and the true; explanation, admonition, rather haughty extenuation which, because it is mingled with blame and excuse, thinks itself wisdom, and is often only pedantry. A whole political school called "the golden mean" has been the outcome of this. As between cold water and hot water, it is the lukewarm water party. This school with its false depth, all on the surface, which dissects effects without going back to first causes, chides from its height of a demi-science, the agitation of the public square.

万物皆有理论,自称“常识”；菲兰特对待阿尔赛斯特；在虚假与真实之间提供调解；解释、告诫,以及颇为傲慢的减轻罪责,因其混杂着指责与原谅,自以为是智慧,却往往只是迂腐之言。一个自称“中庸之道”的整个政治学派由此产生。如同冷水与热水之间的温水派。这个学派以其表面的假深度,剖析效果却不追溯根本原因,从半吊子科学的高度谴责广场上的骚动。

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admonition /ˌædməˈnɪʃən/

n. 警告,告诫➕

🔊 If we listen to this school, "The riots which complicated the affair of 1830 deprived that great event of a portion of its purity. The Revolution of July had been a fine popular gale, abruptly followed by blue sky. They made the cloudy sky reappear. They caused that revolution, at first so remarkable for its unanimity, to degenerate into a quarrel. In the Revolution of July, as in all progress accomplished by fits and starts, there had been secret fractures; these riots rendered them perceptible. It might have been said: "Ah! this is broken." After the Revolution of July, one was sensible only of deliverance; after the riots, one was conscious of a catastrophe.

若听从这个学派:“那些使1830年事件复杂化的暴动,剥夺了那场伟大事件的一部分纯洁性。七月的大革命曾是一阵美好的民众狂风,骤然间被蓝天承接。而这些暴动使阴云重现。它们使那场起初因万众一心而如此引人注目的革命,沦为一场争吵。在七月革命中,如同所有时断时续的进步一样,存在着隐秘的裂痕；这些暴动使它们变得显而易见。人们或许会说:‘啊！这裂开了。’在七月革命之后,人们只感受到解放；在暴动之后,人们意识到一场灾难。”

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catastrophe /kəˈtæstrəfi/

n. 灾难,大祸➕

🔊 "All revolt closes the shops, depresses the funds, throws the Exchange into consternation, suspends commerce, clogs business, precipitates failures; no more money, private fortunes rendered uneasy, public credit shaken, industry disconcerted, capital withdrawing, work at a discount, fear everywhere; counter-shocks in every town. Hence gulfs. It has been calculated that the first day of a riot costs France twenty millions, the second day forty, the third sixty, a three days' uprising costs one hundred and twenty millions, that is to say, if only the financial result be taken into consideration, it is equivalent to a disaster, a shipwreck or a lost battle, which should annihilate a fleet of sixty ships of the line.

“一切反叛都关闭商店,压低基金,使交易所陷入恐慌,中断贸易,阻塞商业,引发破产；没有钱,私人财富不安,公共信用动摇,工业混乱,资本撤离,劳动力贬值,恐惧无处不在；每个城镇都受到波及。由此产生深渊。据计算,暴乱的第一天花费法国两千万,第二天四千万,第三天六千万,三天的起义花费一亿两千万,也就是说,如果仅考虑财务结果,它等同于一场灾难、一次海难或一场败仗,足以摧毁一支由六十艘战列舰组成的舰队。

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consternation /ˌkɒnstərˈneɪʃən/

n. 惊恐,惊慌失措➕

🔊 "No doubt, historically, uprisings have their beauty; the war of the pavements is no less grandiose, and no less pathetic, than the war of thickets: in the one there is the soul of forests, in the other the heart of cities; the one has Jean Chouan, the other has a Jeanne. Revolts have illuminated with a red glare all the most original points of the Parisian character, generosity, devotion, stormy gayety, students proving that bravery forms part of intelligence, the National Guard invincible, bivouacs of shopkeepers, fortresses of street urchins, contempt of death on the part of passers-by. Schools and legions clashed together. After all, between the combatants, there was only a difference of age; the race is the same; it is the same stoical men who died at the age of twenty for their ideas, at forty for their families. The army, always a sad thing in civil wars, opposed prudence to audacity. Uprisings, while proving popular intrepidity, also educated the courage of the bourgeois.

“毫无疑问,从历史上看,起义有其美感；铺路石之战并不比丛林之战逊色,同样雄伟,同样令人感伤:前者有森林的灵魂,后者有城市的心脏；前者有让·舒安,后者有让娜。反叛以其红光照亮了巴黎性格中最独特的一切:慷慨、奉献、喧闹的欢乐、证明勇敢是智慧一部分的学生、不可战胜的国民自卫军、店主的露营、街头顽童的堡垒、路人对死亡的蔑视。学校与军团碰撞在一起。说到底,作战双方之间只有年龄的差别；种族相同；是同样坚忍的人,二十岁时为理想而死,四十岁时为家庭而死。军队,在内战中总是令人悲伤,以谨慎对抗勇敢。起义在证明民众无畏的同时,也教育了资产阶级的勇气。

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intrepidity /ˌɪntrɪˈpɪdəti/

n. 无畏,勇猛➕

🔊 This is well. But is all this worth the bloodshed? And to the bloodshed add the future darkness, progress compromised, uneasiness among the best men, honest liberals in despair, foreign absolutism happy in these wounds dealt to revolution by its own hand, the vanquished of 1830 triumphing and saying: "We told you so!" Add Paris enlarged, possibly, but France most assuredly diminished. Add, for all must needs be told, the massacres which have too often dishonored the victory of order grown ferocious over liberty gone mad. To sum up all, uprisings have been disastrous."

这很好。但这一切值得流血牺牲吗？除了流血,还要加上未来的黑暗、进步受损、最优秀之人的不安、诚实的自由主义者的绝望、外国专制主义因革命自相残杀而感到的快乐、1830年的失败者得意洋洋地说:‘我们早就告诉过你们！’再加上巴黎或许扩大了,但法国无疑缩小了。再加上--因为一切必须说清--那些经常使‘秩序’在变得凶残后战胜‘自由’而陷入疯狂的胜利蒙羞的屠杀。总而言之,起义已经造成灾难。”

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disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/

adj. 灾难性的,极糟糕的➕

🔊 Thus speaks that approximation to wisdom with which the bourgeoisie, that approximation to the people, so willingly contents itself.

这便是那种近似智慧的论调,资产阶级--那个近似人民的东西--如此心甘情愿地安于其中。

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wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/

n. 智慧,明智➕

🔊 For our parts, we reject this word "uprisings" as too large, and consequently as too convenient. We make a distinction between one popular movement and another popular movement. We do not inquire whether an uprising costs as much as a battle. Why a battle, in the first place? Here the question of war comes up. Is war less of a scourge than an uprising is of a calamity? And then, are all uprisings calamities? And what if the revolt of July did cost a hundred and twenty millions? The establishment of Philip V in Spain cost France two milliards. Even at the same price, we should prefer the 14th of July. However, we reject these figures, which appear to be reasons and which are only words. An uprising being given, we examine it by itself. In all that is said by the doctrinarian objection above presented, there is no question of anything but effect, we seek the cause.

就我们而言,我们拒绝使用“起义”这个词,因为它过于宽泛,因而过于方便。我们在一种民众运动与另一种民众运动之间做出区分。我们不问一场起义是否花费与一场战役一样多。首先,为什么要有一场战役？这里涉及到战争的问题。战争是比起义更轻的祸害吗？再者,难道所有的起义都是灾难吗？如果七月的反叛真的花费了一亿两千万呢？菲利普五世在西班牙的建立花费了法国二十亿。即使代价相同,我们仍偏好七月十四日。然而,我们拒绝这些数字,它们看似理由,实则只是言辞。面对一场起义,我们审视其本身。在上述教条主义的反对意见中,所涉及的一切都只是效果,我们寻找原因。

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distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

n. 区别,差异➕

🔊 We will be explicit.

我们将明确说明。

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explicit /ɪkˈsplɪsɪt/

adj. 明确的,清晰的➕

Book X. The 5th of June, 1832 – Chapter one: The Surface of the Question (第一章 问题的表面)

Book X. The 5th of June, 1832 – Chapter one: The Surface of the Question (第一章问题的表面)