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Book Nine: 1812 – Chapter twelve (第十二章)

探索《战争与和平》第12章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

战役开始前,罗斯托夫收到父母来信,信中简短告知了娜塔莎的病情以及她与安德烈公爵婚约的解除(他们解释说是因为娜塔莎拒绝了对方),并再次要求尼古拉退役回家。尼古拉收到信后,既没有请假也没有申请退役,而是回信给父母,说自己对娜塔莎生病和婚约解除感到很遗憾,并会尽力满足他们的愿望。他另外给索尼娅写了一封信。

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campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/
n. 战役;运动
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engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/
n. 订婚;约会;参与
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rejected /rɪˈdʒektɪd/
v. 拒绝(过去式/过去分词)
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absence /ˈæbsəns/
n. 缺席;缺乏
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retire /rɪˈtaɪər/
v. 退休;退役;撤退
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separately /ˈsepərətli/
adv. 分别地;单独地

“我灵魂的挚爱!”他写道,“唯有荣誉才能阻止我回乡。但现在,战役刚刚开始,如果我置爱情与对祖国的责任于不顾,只顾自己的幸福,那我在战友眼中、在自己眼中都会蒙羞。不过这将是我们最后一次分别。相信我,战争一结束,如果我还活着,如果我还被你爱着,我会放下一切飞向你,永远将你紧拥在我炽热的胸膛。”

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Adored /əˈdɔːrd/
adj. 被爱慕的;受崇拜的
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commencement /kəˈmensmənt/
n. 开始;开端
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dishonored /dɪsˈɒnərd/
v. 使蒙羞(过去式/过去分词)
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preferred /prɪˈfɜːrd/
v. 更喜欢(过去式/过去分词)
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separation /ˌsepəˈreɪʃn/
n. 分离;分开
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ardent /ˈɑːrdənt/
adj. 热情的;热烈的

事实上,正是战役的启动才阻止了罗斯托夫按承诺回家娶索尼娅。在奥特拉德诺耶度过的秋天--有狩猎,冬天--有圣诞假期和索尼娅的爱,向他展现了一幅宁静的乡村欢乐与和平景象,这是他从未体验过的,如今正强烈地吸引着他。“一个漂亮的妻子,孩子,一群好猎犬,十来条灵缇,农事,邻居,狩猎,选举……”他想。但现在战役开始了,他必须留在团里。既然事已至此,尼古拉·罗斯托夫,以他天性使然,对在团里的生活感到满足,并能够从中找到乐趣。

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prevented /prɪˈventɪd/
v. 阻止;预防(过去式/过去分词)
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promised /ˈprɒmɪzd/
v. 承诺(过去式/过去分词)
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marrying /ˈmæriɪŋ/
v. 结婚(动名词/现在分词)
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vista /ˈvɪstə/
n. 远景;展望
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tranquil /ˈtræŋkwɪl/
adj. 宁静的;平静的
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rural /ˈrʊərəl/
adj. 乡村的;农村的
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allured /əˈljʊərd/
v. 诱惑;吸引(过去式/过去分词)
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splendid /ˈsplendɪd/
adj. 极好的;壮丽的
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agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/
n. 农业;农学
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election /ɪˈlekʃn/
n. 选举
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regiment /ˈredʒɪmənt/
n. 团;军团
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contented /kənˈtentɪd/
adj. 满足的;心满意足的

休假归来,尼古拉受到了战友们的热情欢迎,被派去收购军马,并从乌克兰带回了出色的马匹,这让他很高兴,也赢得了上级的称赞。他不在期间,被晋升为上尉,等到团扩编进入战时状态时,他又重新执掌了自己的旧骑兵连。

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furlough /ˈfɜːrloʊ/
n. 休假(尤指军人)
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remounts /ˈriːmaʊnts/
n. 新马匹(复数)
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commendation /ˌkɒmenˈdeɪʃn/
n. 赞扬;推荐
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promoted /prəˈmoʊtɪd/
v. 晋升(过去式/过去分词)
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allotted /əˈlɒtɪd/
v. 分配(过去式/过去分词)
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squadron /ˈskwɒdrən/
n. 中队;小队
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comrades /ˈkɒmreɪdz/
n. 同志;战友(复数)

战役开始了,团移防波兰,薪水加倍,新的军官、人员和马匹到来,最重要的是,所有人都感染了战争初期那种欢快兴奋的情绪。罗斯托夫意识到自己在团里的有利地位,便全身心投入到军事生活的乐趣和利益中,尽管他知道自己迟早要放弃这一切。

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infected /ɪnˈfektɪd/
v. 感染(过去式/过去分词)
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conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/
adj. 意识到的;有意识的
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advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/
adj. 有利的;有益的
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devoted /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/
v. 奉献;致力于(过去式/过去分词)
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entirely /ɪnˈtaɪərli/
adv. 完全地;全部地
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pleasures /ˈpleʒərz/
n. 快乐;乐趣(复数)
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relinquish /rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/
v. 放弃;交出
🔊 The troops retired from Vílna for various complicated reasons of state, political and strategic. Each step of the retreat was accompanied by a complicated interplay of interests, arguments, and passions at headquarters. For the Pávlograd hussars, however, the whole of this retreat during the finest period of summer and with sufficient supplies was a very simple and agreeable business.

由于各种复杂的政治和战略原因,部队从维尔纳撤退。每次撤退都伴随着总部里各种利益、争论和激情的复杂交织。不过对于帕夫洛格勒骠骑兵团来说,在夏季最好的时节进行撤退,而且补给充足,实在是一件非常简单而惬意的事情。

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troops /truːps/
n. 部队;军队(复数)
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complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/
adj. 复杂的;难懂的
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strategic /strəˈtiːdʒɪk/
adj. 战略的;策略性的
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retreat /rɪˈtriːt/
n. 撤退;退却
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interplay /ˈɪntərpleɪ/
n. 相互作用;相互影响
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passions /ˈpæʃnz/
n. 激情;强烈情感(复数)
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headquarters /ˈhedkwɔːrtərz/
n. 总部;指挥部
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sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/
adj. 足够的;充分的
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supplies /səˈplaɪz/
n. 供应品;补给(复数)
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agreeable /əˈɡriːəbl/
adj. 令人愉快的;适宜的
🔊
retired /rɪˈtaɪərd/
v. 撤退;退休(过去式/过去分词)
🔊 It was only at headquarters that there was depression, uneasiness, and intriguing; in the body of the army they did not ask themselves where they were going or why. If they regretted having to retreat, it was only because they had to leave billets they had grown accustomed to, or some pretty young Polish lady. If the thought that things looked bad chanced to enter anyones head, he tried to be as cheerful as befits a good soldier and not to think of the general trend of affairs, but only of the task nearest to hand. First they camped gaily before Vílna, making acquaintance with the Polish landowners, preparing for reviews and being reviewed by the Emperor and other high commanders. Then came an order to retreat to Sventsyáni and destroy any provisions they could not carry away with them. Sventsyáni was remembered by the hussars only as the drunken camp, a name the whole army gave to their encampment there, and because many complaints were made against the troops, who, taking advantage of the order to collect provisions, took also horses, carriages, and carpets from the Polish proprietors. Rostóv remembered Sventsyáni, because on the first day of their arrival at that small town he changed his sergeant major and was unable to manage all the drunken men of his squadron who, unknown to him, had appropriated five barrels of old beer. From Sventsyáni they retired farther and farther to Drissa, and thence again beyond Drissa, drawing near to the frontier of Russia proper.

只有总部才弥漫着沮丧、不安和阴谋;在部队基层,他们不关心自己去哪里或为什么去。如果说他们对撤退感到遗憾,那只是因为要离开住惯了的地方,或者某个漂亮的波兰少妇。如果碰巧有人觉得情况不妙,他就会努力表现得像个好士兵那样快活,不去想大局,只关心眼前的任务。起初他们在维尔纳前欢快地扎营,结交波兰地主,准备接受检阅,并接受皇帝和其他高级指挥官的检阅。随后命令下达,要撤退到斯文齐亚尼,并销毁所有带不走的给养。骠骑兵对斯文齐亚尼的印象只是个“醉醺醺的营地”--全军都这样称呼他们在那里的露营地--还因为不少人对部队有怨言,他们借着征集给养的命令,从波兰地主那里拿走了马匹、马车和地毯。罗斯托夫记得斯文齐亚尼,因为到达那个小镇的第一天,他换了军士长,却管不住骑兵连那些醉醺醺的兵,他们瞒着他私吞了五桶陈啤酒。从斯文齐亚尼他们继续后撤,越撤越远,到了德里萨,又从那里再往德里萨以外撤退,渐渐逼近俄国本土的边界。

🔊
depression /dɪˈpreʃn/
n. 抑郁;沮丧;经济萧条
🔊
uneasiness /ʌnˈiːzinəs/
n. 不安;忧虑
🔊
intriguing /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/
adj. 引起兴趣的;有阴谋的
🔊
regretted /rɪˈɡretɪd/
v. 后悔(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
accustomed /əˈkʌstəmd/
adj. 习惯的;通常的
🔊
trend /trend/
n. 趋势;动向
🔊
affairs /əˈfeərz/
n. 事务;事件(复数)
🔊
reviews /rɪˈvjuːz/
n. 检阅;评论(复数)
🔊
provisions /prəˈvɪʒnz/
n. 供给;规定(复数)
🔊
encampment /ɪnˈkæmpmənt/
n. 营地;扎营
🔊
complaints /kəmˈpleɪnts/
n. 抱怨;投诉(复数)
🔊
proprietors /prəˈpraɪətərz/
n. 所有者;业主(复数)
🔊
appropriated /əˈproʊprieɪtɪd/
v. 挪用;拨出(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
frontier /frʌnˈtɪr/
n. 边境;边疆;前沿
🔊
thence /ðens/
adv. 从那里;然后

七月十三日,帕夫洛格勒团第一次参加了真正的战斗。七月十二日,也就是战斗的前一天,下了一场猛烈的雷雨夹冰雹。总的来说,一八一二年夏季以风暴频繁著称。

🔊
action /ˈækʃn/
n. 行动;战斗;作用
🔊
eve /iːv/
n. 前夕;前夜
🔊
hail /heɪl/
n. 冰雹
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remarkable /rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/
adj. 显著的;非凡的
🔊 The two Pávlograd squadrons were bivouacking on a field of rye, which was already in ear but had been completely trodden down by cattle and horses. The rain was descending in torrents, and Rostóv, with a young officer named Ilyín, his protégé, was sitting in a hastily constructed shelter. An officer of their regiment, with long mustaches extending onto his cheeks, who after riding to the staff had been overtaken by the rain, entered Rostóvs shelter.

帕夫洛格勒团的两个骑兵连在一片黑麦田里露营,麦子已经抽穗,却被牛马踩得一塌糊涂。大雨倾盆而下,罗斯托夫和他庇护的年轻军官伊林一起坐在一个匆匆搭起的遮雨棚里。团里的一位军官,长着长及面颊的胡子,骑马去了司令部后被雨淋了,也钻进罗斯托夫的棚子。

🔊
squadrons /ˈskwɒdrənz/
n. 中队(复数)
🔊
bivouacking /ˈbɪvuwækɪŋ/
v. 露营(现在分词)
🔊
rye /raɪ/
n. 黑麦
🔊
trodden /ˈtrɒdn/
v. 践踏(过去分词)
🔊
descending /dɪˈsendɪŋ/
v. 下降;下坡(现在分词)
🔊
torrents /ˈtɒrənts/
n. 急流;洪流(复数)
🔊
protégé /ˈproʊtəʒeɪ/
n. 受保护者;门徒
🔊
hastily /ˈheɪstɪli/
adv. 匆忙地;草率地
🔊
constructed /kənˈstrʌktɪd/
v. 建造;构建(过去分词)
🔊
shelter /ˈʃeltər/
n. 避难所;遮蔽处
🔊
mustaches /ˈmʌstæʃɪz/
n. 胡子(复数)
🔊
overtaken /ˌoʊvərˈteɪkən/
v. 被赶上;被压倒(过去分词)

“我从司令部来,伯爵。您听说了拉耶夫斯基的壮举吗?”军官便给他们讲了从司令部听来的萨尔塔诺夫战役的细节。

🔊
exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/
n. 功绩;英勇事迹
🔊
details /dɪˈteɪlz/
n. 细节;详细信息(复数)

罗斯托夫抽着烟斗,雨水顺着脖子往下淌,他转动着脑袋,心不在焉地听着,不时瞥一眼紧挨着他的伊林。这个军官是个十六岁的小伙子,刚加入团不久,现在他与尼古拉的关系,正如七年前尼古拉与杰尼索夫的关系一样。伊林事事模仿罗斯托夫,崇拜他崇拜得像个姑娘似的。

🔊
trickled /ˈtrɪkld/
v. 滴下;细细地流(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
inattentively /ˌɪnəˈtentɪvli/
adv. 不专注地;漫不经心地
🔊
occasional /əˈkeɪʒənl/
adj. 偶尔的;间或发生的
🔊
glance /ɡlæns/
n. 一瞥;扫视
🔊
pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/
v. 按压;紧迫(现在分词/形容词)
🔊
lad /læd/
n. 小伙子;少年
🔊
relation /rɪˈleɪʃn/
n. 关系;亲戚
🔊
imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/
v. 模仿;仿效
🔊 Zdrzhinski, the officer with the long mustache, spoke grandiloquently of the Saltánov dam being "a Russian Thermopylae," and of how a deed worthy of antiquity had been performed by General Raévski. He recounted how Raévski had led his two sons onto the dam under terrific fire and had charged with them beside him. Rostóv heard the story and not only said nothing to encourage Zdrzhinskis enthusiasm but, on the contrary, looked like a man ashamed of what he was hearing, though with no intention of contradicting it. Since the campaigns of Austerlitz and of 1807 Rostóv knew by experience that men always lie when describing military exploits, as he himself had done when recounting them; besides that, he had experience enough to know that nothing happens in war at all as we can imagine or relate it. And so he did not like Zdrzhinskis tale, nor did he like Zdrzhinski himself who, with his mustaches extending over his cheeks, bent low over the face of his hearer, as was his habit, and crowded Rostóv in the narrow shanty. Rostóv looked at him in silence. "In the first place, there must have been such a confusion and crowding on the dam that was being attacked that if Raévski did lead his sons there, it could have had no effect except perhaps on some dozen men nearest to him," thought he, "the rest could not have seen how or with whom Raévski came onto the dam. And even those who did see it would not have been much stimulated by it, for what had they to do with Raévskis tender paternal feelings when their own skins were in danger? And besides, the fate of the Fatherland did not depend on whether they took the Saltánov dam or not, as we are told was the case at Thermopylae. So why should he have made such a sacrifice? And why expose his own children in the battle? I would not have taken my brother Pétya there, or even Ilyín, whos a stranger to me but a nice lad, but would have tried to put them somewhere under cover," Nicholas continued to think, as he listened to Zdrzhinski. But he did not express his thoughts, for in such matters, too, he had gained experience. He knew that this tale redounded to the glory of our arms and so one had to pretend not to doubt it. And he acted accordingly.

长着长胡子的军官兹德尔任斯基夸夸其谈地说起萨尔塔诺夫大坝是“一个俄国的温泉关”,以及拉耶夫斯基将军完成了多么“值得古代英雄称道的壮举”。他详细讲述拉耶夫斯基如何在猛烈炮火下带着两个儿子冲上大坝,父子并肩冲锋。罗斯托夫听了这个故事,不仅没有附和兹德尔任斯基的热情,反而显得对这个故事感到羞愧,却也不打算反驳。经过奥斯特里茨和1807年战役,罗斯托夫凭经验知道,人们在描述军事功绩时总是撒谎,他自己以前讲述时也是如此;此外,他经验丰富,深知战争中的事情绝不会像我们想象或叙述的那样发生。所以他不喜欢兹德尔任斯基的故事,也不喜欢兹德尔任斯基本人--他留着长及面颊的胡子,照例俯身凑近听者的脸,在狭小的棚子里挤着罗斯托夫。罗斯托夫默默地看着他。“首先,在被攻击的大坝上肯定混乱不堪,拥挤不堪,即使拉耶夫斯基真的带儿子到了那里,顶多也只能影响他身边的十来个人,”他想,“其他人根本看不见拉耶夫斯基是怎么带着谁走上大坝的。就算有人看见,也不会受到多大鼓舞,因为他们自己的性命都危在旦夕,哪有工夫管拉耶夫斯基那慈父心肠?再说了,祖国的命运并不取决于他们是否拿下萨尔塔诺夫大坝--人家告诉我们这好比温泉关之战。那他为什么要做出这样的牺牲?为什么在战场上拿自己的孩子去冒险?我可不会把我弟弟彼佳带到那里,甚至也不会带伊林--他不是我亲人,却是个好小伙子--我会想法把他们藏在安全的地方,”尼古拉一边听兹德尔任斯基讲,一边继续想。但他没有说出自己的想法,因为在这类事情上他也积累了经验。他知道这个故事能为我军增光,所以必须假装毫不怀疑。他正是这样做的。

🔊
grandiloquently /ɡrænˈdɪləkwəntli/
adv. 夸张地;大言不惭地
🔊
deed /diːd/
n. 行为;行动;功绩
🔊
antiquity /ænˈtɪkwəti/
n. 古代;古老
🔊
recounted /rɪˈkaʊntɪd/
v. 叙述;描述(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
terrific /təˈrɪfɪk/
adj. 极好的;可怕的;巨大的
🔊
enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/
n. 热情;热忱
🔊
ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/
adj. 感到羞愧的;惭愧的
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intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/
n. 意图;目的
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contradicting /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktɪŋ/
v. 反驳;与……矛盾(现在分词)
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campaigns /kæmˈpeɪnz/
n. 战役;运动(复数)
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exploits /ɪkˈsplɔɪts/
n. 功绩;英勇事迹(复数)
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recounting /rɪˈkaʊntɪŋ/
v. 叙述(现在分词/动名词)
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shanty /ˈʃænti/
n. 简陋小屋;棚屋
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confusion /kənˈfjuːʒn/
n. 混乱;困惑
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crowding /ˈkraʊdɪŋ/
n. 拥挤;塞满
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stimulated /ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪd/
v. 刺激;激励(过去式/过去分词)
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tender /ˈtendər/
adj. 温柔的;脆弱的;敏感的
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paternal /pəˈtɜːrnl/
adj. 父亲的;父系的
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sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/
n. 牺牲;献祭
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expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/
v. 暴露;揭露
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redounded /rɪˈdaʊndɪd/
v. 有助于;提升(过去式/过去分词)
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glory /ˈɡlɔːri/
n. 荣誉;光荣
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accordingly /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/
adv. 相应地;因此
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mustache /ˈmʌstæʃ/
n. 胡子(单数)

“我受不了了,”伊林注意到罗斯托夫不喜欢兹德尔任斯基的话,说道,“我的袜子和衬衫……雨水都流到我座垫上了!我去找个避雨的地方。雨好像小了些。”伊林走了出去,兹德尔任斯基也骑马离开了。

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relish /ˈrelɪʃ/
v. 享受;喜好
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stockings /ˈstɒkɪŋz/
n. 长袜(复数)

五分钟后,伊林踩着泥水啪嗒啪嗒地跑回棚子。“乌拉!罗斯托夫,快来!我找到了!大约两百码外有个小酒馆,咱们的人已经聚在那里了。至少我们可以去那儿弄干身子,而且玛丽亚·亨德里霍夫娜也在那里。”

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splashing /ˈsplæʃɪŋ/
v. 溅水;涉水(现在分词)
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tavern /ˈtævərn/
n. 酒馆;客栈

玛丽亚·亨德里霍夫娜是团里医生的妻子,一个年轻漂亮的德国女人,医生在波兰娶了她。医生不知是手头拮据还是不愿新婚燕尔与年轻妻子分离,总是带着她随骠骑兵团同行,而他的醋意也成了骠骑兵军官们经久不衰的笑料。

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regimental /ˌredʒɪˈmentl/
adj. 团的;军团的
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jealousy /ˈdʒeləsi/
n. 嫉妒;猜忌

罗斯托夫把斗篷往肩上一披,大喊着叫拉夫鲁什卡带上东西跟上,然后--时而在泥里滑倒,时而直接踩着泥水--与伊林一起,在渐小的雨势和被远处闪电偶尔划破的黑暗中出发了。“罗斯托夫,你在哪儿?”“这儿。好大的闪电!”他们互相呼喊着。

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cloak /kləʊk/
n. 斗篷,披风;掩盖物
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occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/
adv. 偶尔,间或
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rent /rent/
v. (rend的过去分词)撕裂,扯破
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distant /ˈdɪstənt/
adj. 遥远的,远处的
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lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/
n. 闪电
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。