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Book Eleven: 1812 – Chapter twenty-four (第二十四章)

探索《战争与和平》第24章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 On the evening of the first of September, after his interview with Kutúzov, Count Rostopchín had returned to Moscow mortified and offended because he had not been invited to attend the council of war, and because Kutúzov had paid no attention to his offer to take part in the defence of the city; amazed also at the novel outlook revealed to him at the camp, which treated the tranquillity of the capital and its patriotic fervour as not merely secondary but quite irrelevant and unimportant matters. Distressed, offended, and surprised by all this, Rostopchín had returned to Moscow. After supper he lay down on a sofa without undressing, and was awakened soon after midnight by a courier bringing him a letter from Kutúzov. This letter requested the count to send police officers to guide the troops through the town, as the army was retreating to the Ryazán road beyond Moscow. This was not news to Rostopchín. He had known that Moscow would be abandoned not merely since his interview the previous day with Kutúzov on the Poklónny Hill but ever since the battle of Borodinó, for all the generals who came to Moscow after that battle had said unanimously that it was impossible to fight another battle, and since then the government property had been removed every night, and half the inhabitants had left the city with Rostopchín's own permission. Yet all the same this information astonished and irritated the count, coming as it did in the form of a simple note with an order from Kutúzov, and received at night, breaking in on his beauty sleep.

九月一日傍晚,在与库图佐夫会面后,罗斯托普钦伯爵满怀屈辱和愤懑回到了莫斯科--他没有被邀请参加军事会议,库图佐夫对他参与城市防御的提议置若罔闻;此外,军营中向他展现的全新观点也令他惊愕,那里竟将首都的安宁与爱国热忱视为无足轻重、甚至毫不相干的琐事。这一切令他痛苦、恼怒、困惑,拉斯托普钦就这样回到了莫斯科。晚餐后,他和衣躺在沙发上,午夜过后不久,一名信使将他唤醒,带来了库图佐夫的一封信。信中请伯爵派遣警官为部队穿城引路,因为大军正撤退至莫斯科外的梁赞大道。这对拉斯托普钦来说并非新闻。他早已知道莫斯科将会被放弃--不仅是在前一天他与库图佐夫在波克隆纳亚山会面时,而是自从博罗季诺战役之后,因为所有战后回到莫斯科的将军都异口同声地说不可能再打一仗,此后政府财产每晚都在转移,半数居民也经拉斯托普钦允许离开了城市。然而,这消息以一张便条的形式传来,附有库图佐夫的命令,又在深夜送达,打断了他的美梦,仍然令伯爵惊愕而恼怒。

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mortified /ˈmɔːrtɪfaɪd/
adj. 羞愧的;窘迫的
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tranquillity /træŋˈkwɪləti/
n. 宁静;平静
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fervour /ˈfɜːrvər/
n. 热情;热忱
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irrelevant /ɪˈreləvənt/
adj. 不相关的;无关紧要的
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distressed /dɪˈstrest/
adj. 痛苦的;忧虑的
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courier /ˈkʊriər/
n. 信使;快递员
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unanimously /juːˈnænɪməsli/
adv. 一致地;全体同意地
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irritated /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd/
adj. 恼怒的;烦躁的

后来,罗斯托普钦伯爵在其回忆录中解释自己这一时期的行动时,反复声称他当时受两个重要考虑驱使:维持莫斯科的安定,以及加快居民的撤离。若接受这双重目标,拉斯托普钦的所有行为便显得无可指责。“为什么圣物、武器、弹药、火药和粮仓未被运走?为什么成千上万居民被蒙蔽,相信莫斯科不会被放弃--从而遭到毁灭?”“为了维持城市的安定,”罗斯托普钦伯爵解释道。“为什么办公室中那些无用的文件、莱皮希的气球以及其他物品被运走了?”“为了让城市空出来,”罗斯托普钦伯爵解释道。只要承认公共安定受到威胁,任何行为都能找到理由。

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actuated /ˈæktʃueɪtɪd/
v. 驱使;激励
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expedite /ˈekspədaɪt/
v. 加速;促进
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twofold /ˈtuːfoʊld/
adj./adv. 两倍的;双重的
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irreproachable /ˌɪrɪˈproʊtʃəbəl/
adj. 无可指责的;无瑕疵的
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ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
n. 弹药;军火
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deceived /dɪˈsiːvd/
v. 欺骗;蒙蔽
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thereby /ðerˈbaɪ/
adv. 因此;从而
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justification /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
n. 理由;辩护

恐怖统治的所有暴行,无不基于对公共安定的忧虑。那么,一八一二年罗斯托普钦伯爵对莫斯科安定的恐惧,又是基于什么?有什么理性让人认为城市中可能发生暴动?居民正在离开,撤退的部队正在涌入。这为何会引发民众骚乱?

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solicitude /səˈlɪsɪtuːd/
n. 关心;担忧
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uprising /ˈʌpraɪzɪŋ/
n. 起义;暴动

不论在莫斯科还是俄国任何地方,当敌人进入一座城镇时,从未发生过类似暴动的事件。九月一日和二日,莫斯科仍有超过一万人,除了总督庭院里一群应他召唤聚集的暴民外,什么也没有发生。显而易见,如果在博罗季诺战役之后,当莫斯科的投降已成定局或至少变得可能时,拉斯托普钦不是通过分发武器和传单来煽动民众,而是采取措施运走所有圣物、火药、弹药和钱财,并直白地告诉居民城市将被放弃,那么民众中发生骚乱的可能性就更小。

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insurrection /ˌɪnsəˈrekʃən/
n. 起义;叛乱
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broadsheets /ˈbrɔːdʃiːts/
n. 大幅印刷品;传单(尤指单面印刷的)
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munitions /mjuːˈnɪʃənz/
n. 军火;弹药
🔊 Rostopchín, though he had patriotic sentiments, was a sanguine and impulsive man who had always moved in the highest administrative circles and had no understanding at all of the people he supposed himself to be guiding. Ever since the enemy's entry into Smolénsk he had in imagination been playing the role of director of the popular feeling of "the heart of Russia." Not only did it seem to him (as to all administrators) that he controlled the external actions of Moscow's inhabitants, but he also thought he controlled their mental attitude by means of his broadsheets and posters, written in a coarse tone which the people despise in their own class and do not understand from those in authority. Rostopchín was so pleased with the fine role of leader of popular feeling, and had grown so used to it, that the necessity of relinquishing that role and abandoning Moscow without any heroic display took him unawares and he suddenly felt the ground slip away from under his feet, so that he positively did not know what to do. Though he knew it was coming, he did not till the last moment wholeheartedly believe that Moscow would be abandoned, and did not prepare for it. The inhabitants left against his wishes. If the government offices were removed, this was only done on the demand of officials to whom the count yielded reluctantly. He was absorbed in the role he had created for himself. As is often the case with those gifted with an ardent imagination, though he had long known that Moscow would be abandoned he knew it only with his intellect, he did not believe it in his heart and did not adapt himself mentally to this new position of affairs.

拉斯托普钦虽然怀有爱国情怀,却是一个热情冲动的人,始终在最高行政圈子里活动,对他自认为正在引导的人民毫无了解。自从敌人进入斯摩棱斯克以来,他就在想象中扮演着“俄国心脏”民众情感的导演角色。他不仅(像所有行政官员那样)认为自己控制着莫斯科居民的外部行动,还认为自己通过那些粗俗口吻的传单和告示控制着他们的心态--这种口吻连平民百姓在自己阶层内部都鄙视,更不理解为官者所说。拉斯托普钦如此陶醉于充当民众情感领袖的美好角色,以至于不得不放弃这一角色、未经任何英雄主义表演就放弃莫斯科的形势,令他措手不及,突然感到脚下大地塌陷,简直不知如何是好。尽管他知道这一天会来,但直到最后一刻他都没有从心底相信莫斯科会被放弃,也没有为此做准备。居民们违抗他的意愿离开了。政府办公室的搬迁也只是在官员们的要求下才进行,伯爵勉强让步。他沉浸在自己为自己创造的角色中。正如那些富于热烈想象力的人常有的那样,虽然他早就知道莫斯科会被放弃,但那只是理智上的知道,他内心并不相信,也未能从精神上适应这个新的局势。

🔊
sanguine /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/
adj. 乐观的;血色的
🔊
impulsive /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/
adj. 冲动的;易冲动的
🔊
coarse /kɔːrs/
adj. 粗糙的;粗俗的
🔊
despise /dɪˈspaɪz/
v. 鄙视;厌恶
🔊
relinquishing /rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃɪŋ/
v. 放弃;交出
🔊
unawares /ˌʌnəˈweərz/
adv. 出其不意地;不知不觉地
🔊
wholeheartedly /ˌhoʊlˈhɑːrtɪdli/
adv. 全心全意地;全力地
🔊
ardent /ˈɑːrdənt/
adj. 热情的;热烈的
🔊
intellect /ˈɪntəlekt/
n. 智力;思维能力

他所有煞费苦心、精力充沛的活动(至于这些活动在多大程度上有效、对民众有何影响,则是另一回事)只是单纯地旨在激发民众心中他对法语的爱国仇恨。

🔊
painstaking /ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ/
adj. 煞费苦心的;辛勤的
🔊
energetic /ˌenərˈdʒetɪk/
adj. 精力充沛的;积极的
🔊
arousing /əˈraʊzɪŋ/
v. 引起;激发
🔊
hatred /ˈheɪtrɪd/
n. 仇恨;憎恨

然而,当事件展现出其真实的历史面貌,当仅仅用语言表达对法语的仇恨已不足够,甚至无法通过战斗来表达这种仇恨时,当自信在莫斯科面临的唯一问题上毫无用处时,当全体居民如同一人般涌出莫斯科,抛弃财产,用这种消极行动证明了他们民族情感的深度时,拉斯托普钦所选择的角色便突然显得毫无意义。他意外地感到自己滑稽、软弱、孤独,失去了立足之地。

🔊
insufficient /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/
adj. 不足的;不够的
🔊
avail /əˈveɪl/
n. 效用;帮助(常用于短语 of no avail)
🔊
streamed /striːmd/
v. 涌流;流动
🔊
belongings /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋz/
n. 所有物;财物
🔊
senseless /ˈsensləs/
adj. 毫无意义的;愚蠢的
🔊
unexpectedly /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/
adv. 意外地;突然地
🔊
ridiculous /rɪˈdɪkjələs/
adj. 荒谬的;可笑的

当他从睡梦中被唤醒,收到库图佐夫那封冰冷而强硬的便条时,他越是觉得自己有错,就越是恼怒。所有他特别负责管理、本应运走的政府财产,仍然留在莫斯科,而且已不可能全部运走。

🔊
peremptory /pəˈremptəri/
adj. 专横的;不容置疑的;强制的

“这是谁的错?谁把局面弄到了这个地步?”他思忖。“当然不是我。我一切都准备好了。我把莫斯科牢牢掌握在手中。而他们却让事情变成了这样!恶棍!叛徒!”他想,虽然并不清楚这些恶棍和叛徒究竟是谁,但他觉得有必要憎恨那些叛徒--无论他们是谁--正是他们应该为他所处的那种虚假而可笑的处境负责。

🔊
ruminated /ˈruːmɪneɪtɪd/
v. 沉思;反复思考
🔊
villains /ˈvɪlənz/
n. 恶棍;坏人
🔊
traitors /ˈtreɪtərz/
n. 叛徒;背叛者

整个夜里,罗斯托普钦伯爵不断发布命令,人们从莫斯科各地前来找他。他身边的人都从未见过伯爵如此阴郁易怒。

🔊
issued /ˈɪʃuːd/
v. 发布;发出(命令、声明等)
🔊
morose /məˈroʊs/
adj. 闷闷不乐的;阴郁的
🔊
irritable /ˈɪrɪtəbəl/
adj. 易怒的;暴躁的

“大人,注册司司长派来请示……从宗教事务局、从元老院、从大学、从弃婴收容所,助理主教也派人来……询问指示……关于消防队,您有什么命令?监狱长派人来……疯人院院长也派人来……”整夜,这样的报告不断送到伯爵这里。

🔊
instructions /ɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/
n. 指示;说明
🔊
announcements /əˈnaʊnsmənts/
n. 公告;通知
🔊
continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/
adv. 不断地;持续地
🔊
superintendent /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtendənt/
n. 主管;监督人
🔊
lunatic /ˈluːnətɪk/
adj./n. 疯狂的;疯子
🔊
asylum /əˈsaɪləm/
n. 避难所;庇护;(旧指)疯人院

对所有这些问题,他给出简短而愤怒的答复,暗示现在已不需要他的命令,整件事本由他精心准备,现在却被人毁掉了,而那个人必须为可能发生的一切承担全部责任。

🔊
inquiries /ɪnˈkwaɪəriz/
n. 询问;调查
🔊
indicating /ˈɪndɪkeɪtɪŋ/
v. 表明;指示
🔊
affair /əˈfer/
n. 事情;事务;事件
🔊
responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪlɪti/
n. 责任;职责

“哦,告诉那个笨蛋,”他在回答注册司的问题时说,“让他留下看守文件。现在你们还问消防队的蠢问题干什么?他们有马,让他们到弗拉基米尔去,别留给法语人。”

🔊
blockhead /ˈblɑːkhed/
n. 笨蛋;傻瓜

“大人,疯人院院长来了:您有什么吩咐?”

🔊
commands /kəˈmændz/
n. 命令;指挥权

“我的吩咐?让他们都走,就这样……把疯子都放出来到城里去。当疯子指挥我们的军队时,上帝显然意味着这些别的疯子也该自由了。”

🔊
evidently /ˈevɪdəntli/
adv. 显然地;明显地
🔊 In reply to an inquiry about the convicts in the prison, Count Rostopchín shouted angrily at the governor:

在回答关于监狱囚犯的询问时,罗斯托普钦伯爵对监狱长愤怒地喊道:

🔊
inquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪəri/
n. 询问;调查
🔊
convicts /ˈkɒnvɪkts/
n. 囚犯(convict的复数)
🔊
prison /ˈprɪzən/
n. 监狱
🔊
governor /ˈɡʌvənər/
n. 州长;总督;管理者

“你以为我能给你两个营的兵力--我们并没有--来押送吗?放了他们,就这么办!”

🔊
battalions /bəˈtæliənz/
n. 营(军队建制);大队
🔊
convoy /ˈkɒnvɔɪ/
n. 护送队;车队
🔊
Release /rɪˈliːs/
v. 释放;发布
🔊 "Your excellency, there are some political prisoners, Meshkóv, Vereshchágin..."

“大人,还有几个政治犯,梅什科夫,韦列夏金……”

🔊
excellency /ˈɛksələnsi/
n. 阁下(对高官的尊称)
🔊
political prisoners /pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɪzənərz/
n. 政治犯

“韦列夏金!他还没被绞死吗?”拉斯托普钦喊道。“把他带到我这儿来!”

🔊
hanged /hæŋd/
v. 绞死(hang的过去分词)
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。