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Book I. A Just Man – Chapter eight: Philosophy After Drinking (第八章:酒后哲学)

探索《悲惨世界》第8章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细IELTS词汇及解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读能力。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

前面提到的那位参议员是个聪明人,全凭一己之力出人头地,对那些阻碍前程的东西--比如良心、誓言、公正、责任--一概视若无睹;他径直朝着目标前进,在他的升迁与利益之路上从未有过丝毫退缩。他是一名老律师,因功成名就而变得温和平顺;绝非什么坏人,他力所能及地帮衬儿子、女婿、亲戚,甚至朋友,一生中精明地攫取了好的方面、好的机遇、好的横财。其余一切在他看来都愚蠢至极。他聪慧过人,学问刚好够他自以为是伊壁鸠鲁的信徒;而实际上,他只是《皮戈-勒布伦》的产物。他轻松自在地嘲笑那些无穷无尽、永恒不变的事物,以及“那位善良的老主教”的怪念头。有时,他甚至当着米里哀先生的面,以一种和蔼可亲的权威口吻取笑他,而米里哀先生只是听着。

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heedless /ˈhiːdləs/
adj. 不注意的,掉以轻心的
🔊
obstacles /ˈɒbstəklz/
n. 障碍(复数)
🔊
conscience /ˈkɒnʃəns/
n. 良心,道德心
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sworn /swɔːn/
adj. 宣誓过的,起誓的
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faith /feɪθ/
n. 信仰,信任
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justice /ˈdʒʌstɪs/
n. 正义,公正
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duty /ˈdjuːti/
n. 责任,义务
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flinching /ˈflɪntʃɪŋ/
v. 退缩,畏缩(动名词)
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advancement /ədˈvɑːnsmənt/
n. 晋升,进步
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attorney /əˈtɜːni/
n. 律师,代理人
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rendered /ˈrendəd/
v. 提供,使成为(过去式)
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windfalls /ˈwɪndfɔːlz/
n. 意外之财,意外收获(复数)
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disciple /dɪˈsaɪpl/
n. 追随者,门徒
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infinite /ˈɪnfɪnət/
adj. 无限的,无穷的
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eternal /ɪˈtɜːnl/
adj. 永恒的,永久的
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crotchets /ˈkrɒtʃɪts/
n. 怪念头,奇想(复数)
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amiable /ˈeɪmiəbl/
adj. 和蔼可亲的,友好的
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authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/
n. 权威,权力
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presence /ˈprezns/
n. 存在,在场
🔊 On some semiofficial occasion or other, I do not recollect what, Count -- [this senator] and M. Myriel were to dine with the prefect. At dessert, the senator, who was slightly exhilarated, though still perfectly dignified, exclaimed:-- "Egad, Bishop, let's have a discussion. It is hard for a senator and a bishop to look at each other without winking. We are two augurs. I am going to make a confession to you. I have a philosophy of my own."

某次半官方场合,具体什么事我记不清了,只有这位参议员和米里哀先生应省长之邀共进晚餐。餐后甜点时,参议员略带醉意,但依然不失威严,高声说道:“哎呀,主教大人,咱们来辩论一番。一位参议员和一位主教互相看着而不挤眼,可真不容易。咱们就像两个占卜师。我要向您坦白一件事:我有我自己的哲学。”

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semiofficial /ˌsemiəˈfɪʃl/
adj. 半官方的
🔊
occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/
n. 场合,时机
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recollect /ˌrekəˈlekt/
v. 回忆,想起
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prefect /ˈpriːfekt/
n. 长官,地方行政长官
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dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/
n. 甜点,餐后甜食
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exhilarated /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪd/
adj. 兴奋的,振奋的
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dignified /ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪd/
adj. 有尊严的,庄重的
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winking /ˈwɪŋkɪŋ/
v. 眨眼,使眼色(动名词)
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augurs /ˈɔːɡəz/
n. 占卜官,预言者(复数)
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confession /kənˈfeʃn/
n. 忏悔,供认
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philosophy /fɪˈlɒsəfi/
n. 哲学,人生哲学

“您说得对,”主教答道,“人按自己的哲学造床,就躺在上面。您睡的是紫绸床,参议员先生。”

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Bishop /ˈbɪʃəp/
n. 主教(基督教中高级神职人员)
🔊
senator /ˈsenətər/
n. 参议员(美国、澳大利亚等国的上议院议员)
🔊 The senator was encouraged, and went on:-- "Let us be good fellows."

参议员受到鼓励,继续说道:“咱们都是好哥们儿。”

🔊
encouraged /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒd/
v. 鼓励,激励(过去式)

“甚至是好魔鬼,”主教说。

🔊 "I declare to you," continued the senator, "that the Marquis d'Argens, Pyrrhon, Hobbes, and M. Naigeon are no rascals. I have all the philosophers in my library gilded on the edges."

“我向您声明,”参议员接着说,“达尔让侯爵、皮浪、霍布斯和奈戎先生都不是无赖。我收藏的所有哲学家的著作都烫着金边。”

🔊
declare /dɪˈkleər/
v. 宣布,声明
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continued /kənˈtɪnjuːd/
v. 继续(过去式)
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rascals /ˈrɑːsklz/
n. 无赖,淘气鬼(复数)
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philosophers /fɪˈlɒsəfəz/
n. 哲学家(复数)
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gilded /ˈɡɪldɪd/
adj. 镀金的,装饰的
🔊 "Like yourself, Count," interposed the Bishop.

“就像您本人一样,伯爵,”主教插话道。

🔊
interposed /ˌɪntəˈpəʊzd/
v. 打断,介入(过去式)
🔊 The senator resumed:-- "I hate Diderot; he is an ideologist, a declaimer, and a revolutionist, a believer in God at bottom, and more bigoted than Voltaire. Voltaire made sport of Needham, and he was wrong, for Needham's eels prove that God is useless. A drop of vinegar in a spoonful of flour paste supplies the fiat lux. Suppose the drop to be larger and the spoonful bigger; you have the world. Man is the eel. Then what is the good of the Eternal Father? The Jehovah hypothesis tires me, Bishop. It is good for nothing but to produce shallow people, whose reasoning is hollow. Down with that great All, which torments me! Hurrah for Zero which leaves me in peace! Between you and me, and in order to empty my sack, and make confession to my pastor, as it behooves me to do, I will admit to you that I have good sense. I am not enthusiastic over your Jesus, who preaches renunciation and sacrifice to the last extremity. 'Tis the counsel of an avaricious man to beggars. Renunciation; why? Sacrifice; to what end? I do not see one wolf immolating himself for the happiness of another wolf. Let us stick to nature, then. We are at the top; let us have a superior philosophy. What is the advantage of being at the top, if one sees no further than the end of other people's noses? Let us live merrily. Life is all. That man has another future elsewhere, on high, below, anywhere, I don't believe; not one single word of it. Ah! sacrifice and renunciation are recommended to me; I must take heed to everything I do; I must cudgel my brains over good and evil, over the just and the unjust, over the fas and the nefas. Why? Because I shall have to render an account of my actions. When? After death. What a fine dream! After my death it will be a very clever person who can catch me. Have a handful of dust seized by a shadow-hand, if you can. Let us tell the truth, we who are initiated, and who have raised the veil of Isis: there is no such thing as either good or evil; there is vegetation. Let us seek the real. Let us get to the bottom of it. Let us go into it thoroughly. What the deuce! let us go to the bottom of it! We must scent out the truth; dig in the earth for it, and seize it. Then it gives you exquisite joys. Then you grow strong, and you laugh. I am square on the bottom, I am. Immortality, Bishop, is a chance, a waiting for dead men's shoes. Ah! what a charming promise! trust to it, if you like! What a fine lot Adam has! We are souls, and we shall be angels, with blue wings on our shoulder-blades. Do come to my assistance: is it not Tertullian who says that the blessed shall travel from star to star? Very well. We shall be the grasshoppers of the stars. And then, besides, we shall see God. Ta, ta, ta! What twaddle all these paradises are! God is a nonsensical monster.

参议员继续说道:“我讨厌狄德罗;他是个空想家、演说家、革命者,骨子里却信上帝,比伏尔泰还要偏执。伏尔泰嘲笑尼达姆,但他错了,因为尼达姆的鳗鱼证明上帝是多余的。一滴醋加一勺面粉糊就能造出光。假如那滴醋更大,那勺糊更多,世界就有了。人就是鳗鱼。那么永恒之父有什么用?耶和华的假设让我厌倦,主教大人。它只配产生些浅薄的人,他们的推理空洞无物。打倒那个折磨我的伟大的‘万有’!万岁,那个让我安宁的‘零’!咱们私下说说,为了掏心掏肺,向我的牧师忏悔--这我也该做--我向您承认,我有良好的判断力。我对您那位耶稣并不热衷,他宣扬舍弃与牺牲,直到无以复加。那是吝啬鬼给乞丐的忠告。舍弃?为什么?牺牲?有何目的?我没见过哪只狼为了另一只狼的幸福而牺牲自己。咱们还是遵循自然吧。咱们站在顶端,就该有更高级的哲学。如果视野不过与人齐,站在顶端又有什么好处?快快乐乐地活着吧。生命就是一切。说人死后还有另一个未来,在天上、地下、随便哪里,我压根儿不信;一个字也不信。啊!他们劝我舍弃与牺牲;我的一举一动都得小心;我得绞尽脑汁区分善恶、正邪、合法与非法。为什么?因为我将来得为自己的行为做交代。什么时候?死后。多美的梦啊!我死后,能抓到我的人可真够聪明的。你试试看,用影子的手抓住一把尘土。咱们这些入了门、揭开了伊西斯面纱的人,实话实说吧:既没有善,也没有恶;只有生长。让我们寻找真实。让我们追根究底。让我们一探究竟。见鬼!让我们追根究底!我们必须嗅出真理,挖地三尺抓住它。那时它会给你极致的快乐。那时你会变得强壮,你会大笑。我啊,清清楚楚、明明白白。不朽,主教大人,是个机会,是等着穿死人的鞋。哈!多么迷人的承诺!信它吧,随你便!亚当的运气真好!我们是灵魂,我们要变成天使,肩胛骨上长着蓝色的翅膀。来帮帮我:是不是特土良说过,蒙福的人会逐星旅行?好极了。那我们就是星星上的蚱蜢。然后,我们还要见到上帝。嗒、嗒、嗒!所有这些天堂全是胡扯!上帝是个荒谬的怪物。

🔊
resumed /rɪˈzuːmd/
v. 重新开始,继续(过去式)
🔊
hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/
n. 假设,假说
🔊
shallow /ˈʃæləʊ/
adj. 浅的,肤浅的
🔊
hollow /ˈhɒləʊ/
adj. 空的,空洞的
🔊
superior /suːˈpɪəriər/
adj. 优越的,上级的
🔊
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/
adj. 热心的,热情的
🔊
sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/
n. 牺牲,献祭
🔊
counsel /ˈkaʊnsl/
n. 劝告,法律顾问
🔊
avaricious /ˌævəˈrɪʃəs/
adj. 贪婪的,贪得无厌的
🔊
exquisite /ɪkˈskwɪzɪt/
adj. 精致的,极其优美的
🔊
immortality /ˌɪmɔːˈtæləti/
n. 不朽,永生
🔊
charming /ˈtʃɑːmɪŋ/
adj. 迷人的,可爱的
🔊
blessed /ˈblesɪd/
adj. 幸福的,受祝福的
🔊
evil /ˈiːvl/
adj. 邪恶的,有害的
🔊
unjust /ʌnˈdʒʌst/
adj. 不公平的,不公正的
🔊
initiated /ɪˈnɪʃieɪtɪd/
adj. 被启发的,入会的
🔊
vegetation /ˌvedʒɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 植物,植被
🔊
thoroughly /ˈθʌrəli/
adv. 彻底地,完全地
🔊
scent /sent/
v. 嗅出,察觉
🔊
renunciation /rɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/
n. 放弃,自我克制
🔊
extremity /ɪkˈstreməti/
n. 极端,末端
🔊
nonsensical /nɒnˈsensɪkl/
adj. 荒谬的,无意义的
🔊
bigoted /ˈbɪɡətɪd/
adj. 偏执的,顽固的
🔊
pastor /ˈpɑːstər/
n. 牧师,精神导师
🔊
torments /ˈtɔːmənts/
v. 折磨,使痛苦(第三人称单数)
🔊
preaches /ˈpriːtʃɪz/
v. 宣讲,鼓吹(第三人称单数)
🔊
merrily /ˈmerəli/
adv. 愉快地,欢乐地
🔊
elsewhere /ˌelsˈweər/
adv. 在别处,去别处
🔊
handful /ˈhændfʊl/
n. 一把,少量
🔊
paradises /ˈpærədaɪsɪz/
n. 天堂,乐园(复数)
🔊
angels /ˈeɪndʒlz/
n. 天使(复数)
🔊 I would not say that in the Moniteur, egad! but I may whisper it among friends. Inter pocula. To sacrifice the world to paradise is to let slip the prey for the shadow. Be the dupe of the infinite! I'm not such a fool. I am a nought. I call myself 'Monsieur le Comte Nought,' senator. Did I exist before my birth? No. Shall I exist after death? No. What am I? A little dust collected in an organism. What am I to do on this earth? The choice rests with me: suffer or enjoy. Whither will suffering lead me? To nothingness; but I shall have suffered. Whither will enjoyment lead me? To nothingness; but I shall have enjoyed myself. My choice is made. One must eat or be eaten. I shall eat. It is better to be the tooth than the grass. Such is my wisdom. After which, go whither I push thee, the gravedigger is there; the Pantheon for some of us: all falls into the great hole. End. Finis. Total liquidation. This is the vanishing-point. Death is death, believe me. I laugh at the idea of there being anyone who has anything to tell me on that subject. Fables of nurses; bugaboo for children; Jehovah for men. No; our tomorrow is the night. Beyond the tomb there is nothing but equal nothingness. You have been Sardanapalus, you have been Vincent de Paul -- it makes no difference. That is the truth. Then live your life, above all things. Make use of your I while you have it. In truth, Bishop, I tell you that I have a philosophy of my own, and I have my philosophers. I don't let myself be taken in with that nonsense. Of course, there must be something for those who are down -- for the barefooted beggars, knife-grinders, and miserable wretches. Legends, chimaeras, the soul, immortality, paradise, the stars, are provided for them to swallow. They gobble it down. They spread it on their dry bread. He who has nothing else has the good God. That is the least he can have. I oppose no objection to that; but I reserve Monsieur Naigeon for myself. The good God is good for the populace."

“这些话我不会在《箴言报》上说,天哪!但在朋友之间,饮酒之间,我可以悄悄说。为了天堂而牺牲尘世,就是舍本逐末。被无限愚弄!我可不傻。我是个零。我自称‘零伯爵先生’,参议员。我出生之前存在吗?不存在。我死后还会存在吗?不会。我是什么?一堆聚集在有机体里的尘埃。我在这世上该做什么?由我选择:受苦或享乐。受苦会把我引向何处?虚无;但我已经受过了苦。享乐会把我引向何处?虚无;但我已经享过了乐。我选好了。要么吃,要么被吃。我要吃。做牙齿总比做草强。这就是我的智慧。之后呢,你爱去哪儿去哪儿,掘墓人就在那儿;我们中间有些人进了先贤祠;总之都掉进大坑。完了。终了。全部清账。这就是消失点。死亡就是死亡,相信我。居然有人在这方面还有什么话要对我说,我觉得好笑。保姆的童话;吓唬孩子的妖怪;世人的耶和华。不;我们的明天是黑夜。坟墓之外,只有同样的虚无。你曾是萨达那帕卢斯,你曾是味增爵--毫无区别。这就是真理。那么,活下去吧,尤其是利用你的‘我’,趁你还有它。说实话,主教大人,我告诉您,我有我自己的哲学,我有我的哲学家。我不会被那些胡说八道迷惑。当然,对那些底层的人--赤脚的乞丐、磨刀匠、可怜虫--总得有点东西。传说、幻梦、灵魂、不朽、天堂、星星,是给他们吞下去的。他们狼吞虎咽。他们把这些涂在干面包上。一无所有的人至少还有仁慈的上帝。那是他能有的最少的东西。对此我不反对;但我把奈戎先生留给自己。好上帝是为老百姓准备的。”

🔊
whisper /ˈwɪspər/
v. 低语,耳语
🔊
prey /preɪ/
n. 猎物,受害者
🔊
dupe /djuːp/
n. 易受骗的人,上当者
🔊
nought /nɔːt/
n. 零,无
🔊
organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/
n. 生物体,有机体
🔊
nothingness /ˈnʌθɪŋnəs/
n. 虚无,不存在
🔊
wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/
n. 智慧,明智
🔊
fables /ˈfeɪblz/
n. 寓言,神话故事(复数)
🔊
tomb /tuːm/
n. 坟墓,墓穴
🔊
miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/
adj. 悲惨的,痛苦的
🔊
wretches /ˈretʃɪz/
n. 可怜的人,卑鄙的人(复数)
🔊
legends /ˈledʒəndz/
n. 传说,传奇(复数)
🔊
soul /səʊl/
n. 灵魂,精神
🔊
swallow /ˈswɒləʊ/
v. 吞下,咽下
🔊
oppose /əˈpəʊz/
v. 反对,抵抗
🔊
objection /əbˈdʒekʃn/
n. 反对,异议
🔊
reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/
v. 保留,预订
🔊
populace /ˈpɒpjələs/
n. 平民,大众
🔊
nonsense /ˈnɒnsns/
n. 胡说,废话
🔊 The Bishop clapped his hands. "That's talking!" he exclaimed. "What an excellent and really marvellous thing is this materialism! Not everyone who wants it can have it. Ah! when one does have it, one is no longer a dupe, one does not stupidly allow one's self to be exiled like Cato, nor stoned like Stephen, nor burned alive like Jeanne d'Arc. Those who have succeeded in procuring this admirable materialism have the joy of feeling themselves irresponsible, and of thinking that they can devour everything without uneasiness -- places, sinecures, dignities, power, whether well or ill acquired, lucrative recantations, useful treacheries, savory capitulations of conscience -- and that they shall enter the tomb with their digestion accomplished. How agreeable that is! I do not say that with reference to you, senator. Nevertheless, it is impossible for me to refrain from congratulating you. You great lords have, so you say, a philosophy of your own, and for yourselves, which is exquisite, refined, accessible to the rich alone, good for all sauces, and which seasons the voluptuousness of life admirably. This philosophy has been extracted from the depths, and unearthed by special seekers. But you are good-natured princes, and you do not think it a bad thing that belief in the good God should constitute the philosophy of the people, very much as the goose stuffed with chestnuts is the truffled turkey of the poor."

主教拍起手来。“说得好!”他喊道,“唯物论真是出色而奇妙的东西!不是谁想有就能有的。啊!一旦拥有了它,就不会再上当受骗,不会像加图那样愚蠢地自我流放,不会像司提反那样被石头打死,也不会像贞德那样被活活烧死。那些成功获得了这种绝妙唯物论的人,有种不负责任的快感,觉得自己可以心安理得地吞噬一切--职位、挂名差事、显赫地位、权力,无论来得正当还是不正当,还有有利可图的变节、有用的背叛、美味的良心妥协--然后带着消化完毕的满足走进坟墓。多么惬意啊!我这话不是针对您,参议员先生。不过,我还是忍不住要祝贺您。您这些大人物,如您所说,有自己的一套哲学,而且是专为你们自己的:精美、细致、只有富人才有,什么菜里都能加,能把生活的快感调得绝妙。这套哲学是从深处发掘出来的,由专门的探寻者挖到的。但你们是仁慈的贵族,并不觉得老百姓信仰仁慈的上帝是什么坏事--这老百姓的哲学,就好像穷人吃的栗子填鹅,相当于富人的松露火鸡。”

🔊
materialism /məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm/
n. 唯物主义,物质主义
🔊
exiled /ˈeksaɪld/
v. 流放,放逐(过去分词)
🔊
stoned /stəʊnd/
v. 用石头砸(过去分词)
🔊
succeeded /səkˈsiːdɪd/
v. 成功,继承(过去式)
🔊
procuring /prəˈkjʊərɪŋ/
v. 获取,促成(动名词)
🔊
admirable /ˈædmərəbl/
adj. 令人钦佩的,值得赞赏的
🔊
irresponsible /ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl/
adj. 不负责任的
🔊
devour /dɪˈvaʊər/
v. 吞噬,狼吞虎咽
🔊
uneasiness /ʌnˈiːzinəs/
n. 不安,忧虑
🔊
sinecures /ˈsaɪnɪkjʊəz/
n. 闲职,挂名职务(复数)
🔊
dignities /ˈdɪɡnɪtiz/
n. 尊严,高位(复数)
🔊
lucrative /ˈluːkrətɪv/
adj. 获利丰厚的,赚钱的
🔊
recantations /ˌriːkænˈteɪʃnz/
n. 公开放弃(信仰、观点等)(复数)
🔊
treacheries /ˈtretʃəriz/
n. 背叛,背信弃义(复数)
🔊
savory /ˈseɪvəri/
adj. 美味的,开胃的(也可指咸味/辛辣)
🔊
capitulations /kəˌpɪtʃuˈleɪʃnz/
n. 投降,让步(复数)
🔊
digestion /daɪˈdʒestʃən/
n. 消化,消化过程
🔊
accomplished /əˈkʌmplɪʃt/
adj. 完成的,有造诣的
🔊
agreeable /əˈɡriːəbl/
adj. 令人愉快的,同意的
🔊
refrain /rɪˈfreɪn/
v. 克制,避免
🔊
congratulating /kənˈɡrætʃuleɪtɪŋ/
v. 祝贺(动名词)
🔊
refined /rɪˈfaɪnd/
adj. 精炼的,优雅的
🔊
accessible /əkˈsesəbl/
adj. 可接近的,易于理解的
🔊
seasons /ˈsiːznz/
v. 给……调味(第三人称单数)
🔊
voluptuousness /vəˈlʌptʃuəsnəs/
n. 肉欲,性感
🔊
admirably /ˈædmərəbli/
adv. 令人钦佩地,极好地
🔊
extracted /ɪkˈstræktɪd/
v. 提取,拔出(过去分词)
🔊
unearthed /ʌnˈɜːθd/
v. 出土,发掘(过去分词)
🔊
good-natured /ˌɡʊd ˈneɪtʃəd/
adj. 性情温和的,善良的
🔊
constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/
v. 构成,组成
🔊
stuffed /stʌft/
adj. 塞满了的,饱食的
🔊
chestnuts /ˈtʃesnʌts/
n. 栗子(复数)
🔊
truffled /ˈtrʌfld/
adj. 用松露调味的,覆盖松露的
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。