阅读主题:
语言:
📕 rednote ID(小红书号):3881567312
📢 自动下一章:
🔊

Book V. The Excellence of Misfortune – Chapter three: Marius Grown Up (第三章:马吕斯长大成人)

探索《悲惨世界》第3章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细IELTS词汇及解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读能力。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 At this epoch, Marius was twenty years of age. It was three years since he had left his grandfather. Both parties had remained on the same terms, without attempting to approach each other, and without seeking to see each other. Besides, what was the use of seeing each other? Marius was the brass vase, while Father Gillenormand was the iron pot. We admit that Marius was mistaken as to his grandfather's heart. He had imagined that M. Gillenormand had never loved him, and that that crusty, harsh, and smiling old fellow who cursed, shouted, and stormed and brandished his cane, cherished for him, at the most, only that affection, which is at once slight and severe, of the dotards of comedy. Marius was in error. There are fathers who do not love their children; there exists no grandfather who does not adore his grandson. At bottom, as we have said, M. Gillenormand idolized Marius. He idolized him after his own fashion, with an accompaniment of snappishness and boxes on the ear; but, this child once gone, he felt a black void in his heart; he would allow no one to mention the child to him, and all the while secretly regretted that he was so well obeyed. At first, he hoped that this Buonapartist, this Jacobin, this terrorist, this Septembrist, would return. But the weeks passed by, years passed; to M. Gillenormand's great despair, the "blood-drinker" did not make his appearance. "I could not do otherwise than turn him out," said the grandfather to himself, and he asked himself: "If the thing were to do over again, would I do it?" His pride instantly answered "yes," but his aged head, which he shook in silence, replied sadly "no." He had his hours of depression. He missed Marius. Old men need affection as they need the sun. It is warmth. Strong as his nature was, the absence of Marius had wrought some change in him. Nothing in the world could have induced him to take a step towards "that rogue;" but he suffered. He never inquired about him, but he thought of him incessantly. He lived in the Marais in a more and more retired manner; he was still merry and violent as of old, but his merriment had a convulsive harshness, and his violences always terminated in a sort of gentle and gloomy dejection. He sometimes said: "Oh! if he only would return, what a good box on the ear I would give him!"

到了这个时期,马吕斯已经二十岁了。他离开外公已经三年。双方都保持着同样的关系,互不接近,也不试图相见。况且,相见又有什么用呢?马吕斯是铜壶,而吉诺曼老爹是铁锅。我们得承认,马吕斯对他外公的心意是误解了。他以为吉诺曼先生从来不曾爱过他,以为那个暴躁、严厉、爱笑的老家伙,总是骂骂咧咧、大呼小叫、暴跳如雷,挥舞着手杖,对他最多只有喜剧中那些老糊涂蛋那种既轻微又严酷的慈爱。马吕斯错了。有父亲不爱孩子的,却从没有祖父不疼孙子的。其实,正如我们所说,吉诺曼先生把马吕斯宠到了骨子里。他以自己的方式宠他,伴随着暴躁和耳光;但是,这孩子一旦离开,他心中便感到一片黑暗的空虚;他不许任何人提起那孩子,同时又暗自懊悔自己把话当真了。起初,他指望这个波拿巴分子,这个雅各宾,这个恐怖分子,这个九月暴徒会回来。可几周过去,几年过去了;令吉诺曼先生大为失望的是,这个“喝血的”并没有露面。“我除了赶他走别无他法,”外公自忖道,又问自己:“如果事能重来,我还会那么做吗?”他的自尊立刻回答“会”,但他那沉默摇晃的老迈脑袋却悲伤地回答“不会”。他有过沮丧的时刻。他想念马吕斯。老人需要爱,就像需要太阳。那是温暖。尽管他天性坚强,马吕斯的缺席还是在他身上引起了变化。世上任何事都不能促使他向那个“坏蛋”迈出一步,但他备受煎熬。他从不打听他,却无时无刻不在想他。他住在沼泽区,过着越来越与世隔绝的生活;他还是像从前一样快活、暴躁,但他的快活带着一种痉挛般的尖厉,他的暴躁则总是以某种温和而阴郁的沮丧告终。他有时说:“噢!要是他能回来,我会狠狠给他一记耳光!”

🔊
epoch /ˈiːpɒk/
n. 时代,纪元
🔊
brandished /ˈbrændɪʃt/
v. 挥舞(武器等)
🔊
idolized /ˈaɪdəlaɪzd/
v. 崇拜,偶像化
🔊
snappishness /ˈsnæpɪʃnəs/
n. 暴躁,厉声说话
🔊
void /vɔɪd/
n. 空虚,空白
🔊
despair /dɪˈspeər/
n. 绝望
🔊
induced /ɪnˈdjuːst/
v. 引诱,引起
🔊
incessantly /ɪnˈsesəntli/
adv. 不间断地,持续地
🔊
merriment /ˈmerɪmənt/
n. 欢乐,嬉笑
🔊
dejection /dɪˈdʒekʃn/
n. 沮丧,情绪低落

至于他的姑妈,她想得太少,爱得不深;马吕斯对她来说不过是一个模糊的黑影;最后,她关心他的程度还不如关心她可能养的一只猫或一只鹦鹉。使吉诺曼老爹的隐秘痛苦加剧的是,他把这一切都锁在心底,不让任何人猜透。他的悲伤就像那种新发明的炉子,把自己的烟都烧掉了。有时,一些多管闲事的人会跟他提起马吕斯,问他:“你孙子在干什么?”“他怎么样了?”这位老市民叹口气回答说,他是个倒霉蛋,然后弹一下他的袖口,想装出快活的样子说:“彭梅西男爵先生在某角落里搞些无聊的诉讼伎俩。”

🔊
vague /veɪɡ/
adj. 模糊的,不明确的
🔊
parakeet /ˈpærəkiːt/
n. 长尾小鹦鹉
🔊
augmented /ɔːɡˈmentɪd/
v. 增加,扩大
🔊
divined /dɪˈvaɪnd/
v. 猜测,发现(隐藏的东西)
🔊
sorrow /ˈsɒrəʊ/
n. 悲伤,悲痛
🔊
officious /əˈfɪʃəs/
adj. 爱管闲事的,多事的
🔊
bourgeois /ˈbʊərʒwɑː/
n. 中产阶级的人,资产阶级分子
🔊
fillip /ˈfɪlɪp/
n. 弹指,轻弹;刺激,激励
🔊
pettifogging /ˈpetɪfɒɡɪŋ/
n. 诡辩,讼棍行为(贬义)
🔊
eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/
adv. 最终,终于

老人在悔恨时,马吕斯却在自我庆幸。就像所有心地善良的人一样,不幸已经驱散了他的怨恨。他对吉诺曼先生只怀着亲切的念头,但他下定决心不再接受那个“对他父亲不好的人”的任何东西。这是他最初愤怒的缓和版。此外,他为自己曾经受苦并且仍在受苦感到高兴。这是为了他父亲。生活的艰难让他满足而愉悦。他带着一种喜悦对自己说:“这当然是他至少能做的”;这是一种赎罪;--要不是这样,他以后迟早会因为对他父亲--这样一位父亲!--的不敬冷漠而受到别的惩罚;如果父亲承受了所有苦难,而他一无所受,那就不公平了;总之,他的辛劳和匮乏与上校的英雄生涯相比又算得了什么?简而言之,他接近父亲、效仿父亲的唯一方式,就是在贫困面前勇敢,正如父亲在敌人面前勇敢一样;而这无疑就是上校用“他将配得上它”这句话所暗示的意思。这句“他将配得上它”的话,马吕斯继续佩戴着--不是戴在胸前,因为上校的字条已经丢失,而是戴在心里。

🔊
applauded /əˈplɔːdɪd/
v. 鼓掌,称赞
🔊
misfortune /mɪsˈfɔːrtʃuːn/
n. 不幸,厄运
🔊
eradicated /ɪˈrædɪkeɪtɪd/
v. 根除,消灭
🔊
amiable /ˈeɪmiəbl/
adj. 和蔼可亲的,友好的
🔊
mitigated /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/
v. 减轻,缓和
🔊
indignation /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃn/
n. 愤慨,义愤
🔊
expiation /ˌekspiˈeɪʃn/
n. 赎罪,补偿
🔊
impious /ˈɪmpiəs/
adj. 不虔诚的,不敬的
🔊
destitution /ˌdestɪˈtjuːʃn/
n. 穷困,贫乏
🔊
valiant /ˈvæliənt/
adj. 勇敢的,英勇的

而且,在他外公把他赶出家门的那一天,他还只是个孩子,现在他是个男子汉了。他感觉到了这一点。

🔊 Misery, we repeat, had been good for him. Poverty in youth, when it succeeds, has this magnificent property about it, that it turns the whole will towards effort, and the whole soul towards aspiration. Poverty instantly lays material life bare and renders it hideous; hence inexpressible bounds towards the ideal life. The wealthy young man has a hundred coarse and brilliant distractions, horse races, hunting, dogs, tobacco, gaming, good repasts, and all the rest of it; occupations for the baser side of the soul, at the expense of the loftier and more delicate sides. The poor young man wins his bread with difficulty; he eats; when he has eaten, he has nothing more but meditation. He goes to the spectacles which God furnishes gratis; he gazes at the sky, space, the stars, flowers, children, the humanity among which he is suffering, the creation amid which he beams. He gazes so much on humanity that he perceives its soul, he gazes upon creation to such an extent that he beholds God. He dreams, he feels himself great; he dreams on, and feels himself tender. From the egotism of the man who suffers he passes to the compassion of the man who meditates. An admirable sentiment breaks forth in him, forgetfulness of self and pity for all. As he thinks of the innumerable enjoyments which nature offers, gives, and lavishes to souls which stand open, and refuses to souls that are closed, he comes to pity, he the millionnaire of the mind, the millionnaire of money. All hatred departs from his heart, in proportion as light penetrates his spirit. And is he unhappy? No. The misery of a young man is never miserable. The first young lad who comes to hand, however poor he may be, with his strength, his health, his rapid walk, his brilliant eyes, his warmly circulating blood, his black hair, his red lips, his white teeth, his pure breath, will always arouse the envy of an aged emperor. And then, every morning, he sets himself afresh to the task of earning his bread; and while his hands earn his bread, his dorsal column gains pride, his brain gathers ideas. His task finished, he returns to ineffable ecstasies, to contemplation, to joys; he beholds his feet set in afflictions, in obstacles, on the pavement, in the nettles, sometimes in the mire; his head in the light. He is firm, serene, gentle, peaceful, attentive, serious, content with little, kindly; and he thanks God for having bestowed on him those two forms of riches which many a rich man lacks: work, which makes him free; and thought, which makes him dignified. This is what had happened with Marius.

我们再说一遍,贫穷对他有好处。青年时代的贫困,一旦成功,便有这种绝妙的特性:它把全部意志引向努力,把全部灵魂引向渴望。贫穷立刻将物质生活赤裸裸地展示出来,使之变得可憎;从而产生对理想生活的无法言表的渴望。富有的年轻人有百种粗俗而华丽的消遣:赛马、狩猎、猎狗、烟草、赌博、美食等等;这些是灵魂低级面的营生,牺牲了更崇高、更细腻的部分。贫穷的年轻人艰难地挣得面包;他吃饭;吃完之后,除了沉思便一无所有。他去看上帝免费提供的演出;他凝视天空、太空、星辰、花朵、孩子、他所身处其中受苦的人类、以及他身处其中光彩照人的造物。他如此凝视人类,以至于看见了灵魂;他如此凝视造物,以至于看见了上帝。他梦想,感到自己伟大;他继续梦想,感到自己温柔。他从受苦人的自私转向冥想者的悲悯。一种令人钦佩的情感在他心中迸发:忘我和对万物的怜悯。当他想到大自然向敞开的灵魂提供、给予、倾泻的无数欢愉,却拒绝向封闭的心灵,他--精神的百万富翁,金钱的百万富翁--开始怜悯他们。一切仇恨都随着光明渗入心灵而离开他的心。他难道不幸吗?不。年轻人的贫穷从来不是不幸。头一个遇见的年轻小伙子,不管多么贫穷,只要他有力量、健康、轻快的脚步、明亮的眼睛、温暖循环的血液、黑发、红唇、白牙、纯净的气息,总能引起年迈皇帝的嫉妒。而且,每天早上他重新开始挣钱的工作;当他的双手挣得面包时,他的脊背感到骄傲,他的大脑收集思想。工作完成后,他回到难以言表的狂喜、沉思和欢乐;他看见双脚踩在苦难、障碍、铺路石、荨麻中,有时在泥泞中;而他的头在光明中。他坚定、宁静、温和、平和、专注、严肃,知足常乐,心地善良;他感谢上帝赐给他两种财富--许多富人缺少的:工作使他自由,思考使他尊贵。这正是马吕斯所经历的。

🔊
misery /ˈmɪzərɪ/
n. 苦难,痛苦
🔊
poverty /ˈpɒvərti/
n. 贫穷,贫困
🔊
magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfɪsənt/
adj. 壮丽的,宏伟的
🔊
hideous /ˈhɪdiəs/
adj. 丑陋的,令人厌恶的
🔊
inexpressible /ˌɪnɪkˈspresəbl/
adj. 难以言表的,无法表达的
🔊
wealthy /ˈwelθi/
adj. 富有的
🔊
coarse /kɔːrs/
adj. 粗糙的,粗俗的
🔊
meditation /ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 冥想,沉思
🔊
spectacles /ˈspektəklz/
n. 景象,壮观场面(复数形式)
🔊
gratis /ˈɡrætɪs/
adv. 免费地

说实话,他有点过于偏向沉思了。自从他基本上能可靠地维持生计以来,他就停了下来,认为贫穷是好事,并从工作中扣出时间来思考;也就是说,他有时整天沉浸在冥想中,像幻视者一样陶醉于沉默的狂喜和内在的光辉。他这样提出了自己一生的课题:尽可能少从事体力劳动,以便尽可能多地从事无形劳动;换句话说,把几个小时花在实际生活上,把其余时间抛向无限。因为他认为自己什么都不缺,就没有意识到这样理解的沉思最终会变成一种懒惰;他满足于征服生活的基本需求,太早地停下了劳作的脚步。显然,对于这种精力充沛、热情洋溢的天性来说,这只能是一个过渡状态,一旦与命运不可避免的复杂状况发生第一次碰撞,马吕斯就会醒来。

🔊
inclined /ɪnˈklaɪnd/
adj. 倾向的,有...意向的
🔊
retrenching /rɪˈtrentʃɪŋ/
v. 削减,节省
🔊
absorbed /əbˈzɔːrbd/
adj. 全神贯注的,被吸收的
🔊
engulfed /ɪnˈɡʌlft/
v. 吞没,淹没
🔊
visionary /ˈvɪʒənəri/
n. 有远见的人;幻想家
🔊
mute /mjuːt/
adj. 沉默的,不出声的
🔊
voluptuousness /vəˈlʌptʃuəsnəs/
n. 感官享受,肉欲
🔊
ecstasy /ˈekstəsi/
n. 狂喜,入迷
🔊
propounded /prəˈpaʊndɪd/
v. 提出(问题、理论等)
🔊
impalpable /ɪmˈpælpəbl/
adj. 触摸不到的,难以捉摸的

同时,尽管他是一名律师,无论吉诺曼老爹怎么想,他并没有执业,甚至连无聊的诉讼伎俩也不搞。沉思使他远离了辩护。寻找律师、跟踪法庭、寻找案件--真烦人!他为什么要做这些?他看不出有什么理由改变谋生方式!正如我们解释过的,那家不起眼且报酬微薄的出版机构对他来说成了一份稳定的工作,不需要太多精力,而且能满足他的需要。他为之工作的出版商之一,我想是马吉梅尔先生,提议让他住到自己家里,给他提供良好的住宿、固定的工作,每年给他一千五百法郎。舒适的住宿!一千五百法郎!当然好。但是要放弃自由!领固定工资!变成一种雇来的文人!按照马吕斯的看法,如果他接受,他的境况就会同时变好和变坏;他获得了舒适,却失去了尊严;那是一种美好而完整的苦难变成了一种可憎而可笑的折磨:就像是一个盲人恢复了一只眼睛的视力。他拒绝了。

🔊
lawyer /ˈlɔːjər/
n. 律师
🔊
pleading /ˈpliːdɪŋ/
n. 辩护,恳求
🔊
attorneys /əˈtɜːrniz/
n. 律师(复数),代理人
🔊
livelihood /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/
n. 生计,谋生方式
🔊
obscure /əbˈskjʊr/
adj. 不起眼的,默默无闻的;模糊的
🔊
ill-paid /ɪl ˈpeɪd/
adj. 报酬低的
🔊
renounce /rɪˈnaʊns/
v. 宣布放弃,抛弃
🔊
liberty /ˈlɪbərti/
n. 自由
🔊
dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/
n. 尊严,自尊
🔊
torture /ˈtɔːrtʃər/
n. 折磨,痛苦

马吕斯过着独居的生活。由于他喜欢置身事外,又受到了过多的惊吓,他没有完全加入安灼拉领导的那个群体。他们仍然是好朋友;必要时在一切方面都愿意互相帮助;但也仅此而已。马吕斯有两个朋友:一个年轻的,古费拉克;一个年老的,马白夫先生。他更倾向于那个老人。首先,他归功于他造就了自身内在的革命;他之所以认识和热爱自己的父亲,多亏了他。他说:“他给我做了白内障手术。”这位教堂执事确实起了关键作用。不过,马白夫先生在这方面不过是天意的平静无情的工具。他偶然并且无意地启发了马吕斯,就像某人拿来的蜡烛;他是蜡烛,而不是那个人。至于马吕斯内心的政治革命,马白夫先生完全无法理解、也不愿或指导它。我们以后还会再见到马白夫先生,因此多说几句并非多余。

🔊
dwelt /dwelt/
v. 居住,栖息(dwell的过去式)
🔊
solitude /ˈsɒlɪtjuːd/
n. 孤独,独居
🔊
decidedly /dɪˈsaɪdɪdli/
adv. 果断地,明确地
🔊
presided /prɪˈzaɪdɪd/
v. 主持,担任主席(preside的过去式)
🔊
indebted /ɪnˈdetɪd/
adj. 感激的,负债的
🔊
cataract /ˈkætərækt/
n. 白内障;大瀑布
🔊
churchwarden /ˌtʃɜːrtʃˈwɔːrdn/
n. 教区委员
🔊
impassive /ɪmˈpæsɪv/
adj. 无动于衷的,冷漠的
🔊
enlightened /ɪnˈlaɪtnd/
v. 启迪,启发(enlighten的过去式)
🔊
superfluous /suːˈpɜːrfluəs/
adj. 多余的,不必要的
Wordbook
字体色:
背景色:
您的数据已保存在此浏览器中

翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。