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Book Eight: 1811 - 12 – Chapter two (第二章)

探索《战争与和平》第2章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

初冬时节,尼古拉·博尔孔斯基公爵携女儿迁居莫斯科。当时,人们对亚历山大皇帝政权的热情已经消退,爱国反法语的倾向盛行。这一切,加上公爵的过往、才智和独特个性,使他立即成为莫斯科人特别敬重的对象,成为莫斯科政府反对派的核心人物。

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enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/
n. 热情;热忱
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regime /reɪˈʒiːm/
n. 政权;政体
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tendency /ˈtendənsi/
n. 趋势;倾向
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prevailed /prɪˈveɪld/
v. 盛行;占上风
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intellect /ˈɪntəlekt/
n. 智力;才智
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originality /əˌrɪdʒɪˈnæləti/
n. 独创性;新颖
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opposition /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃən/
n. 反对;对立

公爵那年苍老了许多。他显露出明显的老迈迹象:容易打瞌睡,对近期发生的事健忘,却对遥远的往事记忆犹新,并且带着幼稚的虚荣心接受了自己作为莫斯科反对派领袖的角色。尽管如此,这位老人依然令所有来访者心生敬仰--尤其是在晚间,当他身披旧式外套、头戴扑粉假发走进来用茶时,只要有人挑动话题,他就会讲起往昔那些突兀的故事,或者对时局发表更加尖刻的评论。在所有人眼中,那座旧式宅邸,内有巨大的镜子、革命前时期的家具、扑粉的仆役,以及这位严厉睿智的老者(他本人便是上个世纪的遗物),加上他那温柔的女儿与对他虔敬忠诚的漂亮法国女人,构成了一幅庄严而宜人的景象。

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senility /sɪˈnɪləti/
n. 衰老;老年糊涂
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vanity /ˈvænəti/
n. 虚荣;自负
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veneration /ˌvenəˈreɪʃən/
n. 崇敬;敬仰
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abrupt /əˈbrʌpt/
adj. 突然的;唐突的
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scathing /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/
adj. 严厉的;尖锐的
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criticisms /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəmz/
n. 批评(复数)
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gigantic /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/
adj. 巨大的
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stern /stɜːn/
adj. 严厉的;严峻的
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shrewd /ʃruːd/
adj. 精明的;敏锐的
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relic /ˈrelɪk/
n. 遗物;遗迹
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reverently /ˈrevərəntli/
adv. 虔诚地;恭敬地
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devoted /dɪˈvəʊtɪd/
adj. 忠诚的;献身的
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majestic /məˈdʒestɪk/
adj. 雄伟的;庄严的
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agreeable /əˈɡriːəbəl/
adj. 宜人的;令人愉快的
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spectacle /ˈspektəkəl/
n. 景象;奇观

然而客人们没有想过,除了与他们相处的那两三个小时之外,一天中还有二十二个小时是这家宅邸私密而亲密的日常生活继续的时间。

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reflect /rɪˈflekt/
v. 反映;思考
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intimate /ˈɪntɪmət/
adj. 亲密的;私密的
🔊 Latterly that private life had become very trying for Princess Mary. There in Moscow she was deprived of her greatest pleasures--talks with the pilgrims and the solitude which refreshed her at Bald Hills--and she had none of the advantages and pleasures of city life. She did not go out into society; everyone knew that her father would not let her go anywhere without him, and his failing health prevented his going out himself, so that she was not invited to dinners and evening parties. She had quite abandoned the hope of getting married. She saw the coldness and malevolence with which the old prince received and dismissed the young men, possible suitors, who sometimes appeared at their house. She had no friends: during this visit to Moscow she had been disappointed in the two who had been nearest to her. Mademoiselle Bourienne, with whom she had never been able to be quite frank, had now become unpleasant to her, and for various reasons Princess Mary avoided her. Julie, with whom she had corresponded for the last five years, was in Moscow, but proved to be quite alien to her when they met. Just then Julie, who by the death of her brothers had become one of the richest heiresses in Moscow, was in the full whirl of society pleasures. She was surrounded by young men who, she fancied, had suddenly learned to appreciate her worth. Julie was at that stage in the life of a society woman when she feels that her last chance of marrying has come and that her fate must be decided now or never. On Thursdays Princess Mary remembered with a mournful smile that she now had no one to write to, since Julie-- whose presence gave her no pleasure--was here and they met every week. Like the old émigré who declined to marry the lady with whom he had spent his evenings for years, she regretted Julie's presence and having no one to write to.

近来,这种私密生活对玛丽亚公爵小姐来说变得十分难熬。在莫斯科,她失去了最大的乐趣--与朝圣者交谈,以及在童山独处时获得的焕然一新的感觉--而她也没有享受到城市生活的任何好处与快乐。她不出入社交场合;大家都知道,她父亲不让她独自去任何地方,而他自己虚弱的身体又无法出门,因此她从未被邀请参加晚宴或晚会。她完全放弃了结婚的希望。她看到老公爵是如何冷淡而恶意地接待和打发那些偶尔登门的年轻男子(可能的求婚者)。她没有朋友:这次在莫斯科逗留期间,她对两个最亲近的人感到失望。布里安小姐--她从未能与之完全坦诚相待--如今令她生厌,由于种种原因,玛丽亚公爵小姐总是避开她。朱莉--过去五年里她一直与朱莉通信--也在莫斯科,但实际见面后却证明与她格格不入。就在那时,朱莉因兄弟的去世而成为莫斯科最富有的女继承人之一,正沉浸在社交享乐的漩涡中。她身边围着许多年轻男子,她认为他们突然开始赏识她的价值。朱莉正处于社交女性人生的那个阶段,她感到自己最后结婚的机会来了,命运必须在此时或永不决定。每逢星期四,玛丽亚公爵小姐都会带着悲伤的微笑想起,她现在无人可以写信了,因为朱莉--她的在场并未给玛丽亚带来快乐--就在此地,她们每周都能见面。就像那位老流亡者拒绝娶与他共度多年夜晚的女士一样,她既遗憾朱莉在此,又遗憾无人可写信。

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Latterly /ˈlætəli/
adv. 最近;近来
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trying /ˈtraɪɪŋ/
adj. 难熬的;令人厌烦的
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deprived /dɪˈpraɪvd/
adj. 被剥夺的;贫困的
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pilgrims /ˈpɪlɡrɪmz/
n. 朝圣者
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solitude /ˈsɒlɪtjuːd/
n. 独处;孤寂
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refreshed /rɪˈfreʃt/
v. 使精神振作;使恢复活力
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coldness /ˈkəʊldnəs/
n. 冷淡;冷漠
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malevolence /məˈlevələns/
n. 恶意;恶毒
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dismissed /dɪsˈmɪst/
v. 打发走;解雇
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suitors /ˈsuːtəz/
n. 求婚者;追求者
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alien /ˈeɪliən/
adj. 陌生的;外来的
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heiresses /ˈeərɪsɪz/
n. 女继承人(复数)
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whirl /wɜːl/
n. 繁忙;旋转
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fancied /ˈfænsid/
v. 想象;认为(过去式)
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mournful /ˈmɔːnfəl/
adj. 悲伤的;哀痛的
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émigré /ˈemɪɡreɪ/
n. 移民(尤指流亡者)
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declined /dɪˈklaɪnd/
v. 拒绝(过去式)
🔊
regretted /rɪˈɡretɪd/
v. 后悔(过去式)
🔊 In Moscow Princess Mary had no one to talk to, no one to whom to confide her sorrow, and much sorrow fell to her lot just then. The time for Prince Andrew's return and marriage was approaching, but his request to her to prepare his father for it had not been carried out; in fact, it seemed as if matters were quite hopeless, for at every mention of the young Countess Rostova the old prince (who apart from that was usually in a bad temper) lost control of himself. Another lately added sorrow arose from the lessons she gave her six-year-old nephew. To her consternation she detected in herself in relation to little Nicholas some symptoms of her father's irritability. However often she told herself that she must not get irritable when teaching her nephew, almost every time that, pointer in hand, she sat down to show him the French alphabet, she so longed to pour her own knowledge quickly and easily into the child--who was already afraid that Auntie might at any moment get angry--that at his slightest inattention she trembled, became flustered and heated, raised her voice, and sometimes pulled him by the arm and put him in the corner. Having put him in the corner she would herself begin to cry over her cruel, evil nature, and little Nicholas, following her example, would sob, and without permission would leave his corner, come to her, pull her wet hands from her face, and comfort her. But what distressed the princess most of all was her father's irritability, which was always directed against her and had of late amounted to cruelty. Had he forced her to prostrate herself to the ground all night, had he beaten her or made her fetch wood or water, it would never have entered her mind to think her position hard; but this loving despot--the more cruel because he loved her and for that reason tormented himself and her--knew how not merely to hurt and humiliate her deliberately, but to show her that she was always to blame for everything. Of late he had exhibited a new trait that tormented Princess Mary more than anything else; this was his ever-increasing intimacy with Mademoiselle Bourienne. The idea that at the first moment of receiving the news of his son's intentions had occurred to him in jest--that if Andrew got married he himself would marry Bourienne--had evidently pleased him, and latterly he had persistently, and as it seemed to Princess Mary merely to offend her, shown special endearments to the companion and expressed his dissatisfaction with his daughter by demonstrations of love of Bourienne.

在莫斯科,玛丽亚公爵小姐无人可倾诉,无人可分担她的悲伤,而就在那时,她遭遇了许多悲痛。安德烈公爵的归期和婚期日益临近,但他委托她为这门亲事做父亲工作的要求却未能实现;事实上,事情似乎已毫无希望,因为每次提及年轻的伯爵夫人罗斯托娃,老公爵(他本来就经常心情不好)就会失去控制。另一件近来增加的痛苦源于她给六岁侄子上课的经历。她惊恐地发现,自己在对待小尼古拉时,显露出了一些与她父亲相似的暴躁脾气。无论她多少次告诫自己教侄子时不能生气,几乎每次手拿教鞭坐下来教他法语字母表时,她都急于把自己所知的迅速而轻松地灌输给孩子--孩子已经害怕姑姑随时会发火--只要他稍一走神,她就会发抖、慌张、激动,提高嗓门,有时甚至拽他的胳膊,把他罚站到角落。把他罚到角落后,她自己又会为自己的残忍和恶劣本性而哭泣,而小尼古拉也会学着她抽泣,并擅自离开角落,走到她身边,把她湿漉漉的手从脸上拉开,安慰她。但是,最令公爵小姐痛苦的是父亲的暴躁脾气,这总是针对她,近来已近乎残忍。若是父亲逼她整夜匍匐在地,或是打她,或是让她去挑柴挑水,她决不会认为自己的处境艰难;但这位慈爱的暴君--正因为他爱她,所以更残忍,并因此折磨自己和折磨她--他不仅懂得故意伤害和羞辱她,还懂得让她明白,一切过错都在她身上。近来他表现出一种最令玛丽亚公爵小姐痛苦的新特征:他与布里安小姐日益密切的关系。一开始,他听到儿子打算的消息时,脑海中曾闪过一个玩笑式的念头--如果安德烈结婚,他就娶布里安--这个念头显然令他愉快,后来他持续地、在玛丽亚公爵小姐看来似乎是故意要惹她生气地向这位女伴大献殷勤,并用对布里安的宠爱来表达对女儿的不满。

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confide /kənˈfaɪd/
v. 吐露(秘密)
🔊
sorrow /ˈsɒrəʊ/
n. 悲伤;悲痛
🔊
consternation /ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃən/
n. 惊愕;惊恐
🔊
detected /dɪˈtektɪd/
v. 察觉;发现(过去式)
🔊
symptoms /ˈsɪmptəmz/
n. 症状(复数)
🔊
irritability /ˌɪrɪtəˈbɪləti/
n. 易怒;急躁
🔊
irritable /ˈɪrɪtəbəl/
adj. 易怒的;急躁的
🔊
pointer /ˈpɔɪntər/
n. 指示棒;指针
🔊
alphabet /ˈælfəbet/
n. 字母表
🔊
longed /lɒŋd/
v. 渴望(过去式)
🔊
inattention /ˌɪnəˈtenʃən/
n. 注意力不集中
🔊
trembled /ˈtrembəld/
v. 颤抖(过去式)
🔊
flustered /ˈflʌstəd/
adj. 慌张的;紧张不安的
🔊
heated /ˈhiːtɪd/
adj. 激动的;激烈的
🔊
comfort /ˈkʌmfət/
v. 安慰;使舒适
🔊
distressed /dɪˈstrest/
adj. 痛苦的;忧虑的
🔊
cruelty /ˈkruːəlti/
n. 残忍;残酷
🔊
prostrate /ˈprɒstreɪt/
v. 俯卧;使拜倒
🔊
despot /ˈdespɒt/
n. 暴君;专制者
🔊
tormented /tɔːˈmentɪd/
v. 折磨(过去分词)
🔊
humiliate /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/
v. 羞辱;使丢脸
🔊
deliberately /dɪˈlɪbərətli/
adv. 故意地;谨慎地
🔊
exhibited /ɪɡˈzɪbɪtɪd/
v. 表现出(过去式)
🔊
trait /treɪt/
n. 特征;特质
🔊
intimacy /ˈɪntɪməsi/
n. 亲密;亲近
🔊
intentions /ɪnˈtenʃənz/
n. 意图(复数)
🔊
jest /dʒest/
n. 玩笑;戏谑
🔊
evidently /ˈevɪdəntli/
adv. 显然地
🔊
persistently /pəˈsɪstəntli/
adv. 持续地;固执地
🔊
endearments /ɪnˈdɪəmənts/
n. 亲昵的言行(复数)
🔊
companion /kəmˈpæniən/
n. 同伴;伴侣
🔊
dissatisfaction /dɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/
n. 不满;不满意
🔊
demonstrations /ˌdemənˈstreɪʃənz/
n. 表现;示威(复数)

一天在莫斯科,当着玛丽亚公爵小姐的面(她认为父亲是故意当着她的面这么做),老公爵吻了布里安小姐的手,并把她拉到身边,亲热地拥抱了她。玛丽亚公爵小姐面红耳赤地跑出房间。几分钟后,布里安小姐笑着走进玛丽亚公爵小姐的房间,用悦耳的声音说着愉快的话。玛丽亚公爵小姐匆匆擦干眼泪,坚定地走到布里安小姐面前,显然没意识到自己在做什么,开始愤怒而急促地朝这位法国女人喊叫,声音嘶哑:“这太可怕、太卑鄙、太没有人性了,利用那软弱……”她没说完。“滚出我的房间!”她喊道,然后放声大哭。

🔊
embraced /ɪmˈbreɪst/
v. 拥抱(过去式)
🔊
affectionately /əˈfekʃənətli/
adv. 深情地
🔊
flushed /flʌʃt/
v. 脸红了(过去式)
🔊
hastily /ˈheɪstɪli/
adv. 匆忙地
🔊
resolutely /ˈrezəluːtli/
adv. 坚决地
🔊
unconscious /ʌnˈkɒnʃəs/
adj. 无意识的;不自觉的
🔊
vile /vaɪl/
adj. 卑鄙的;可恶的
🔊
inhuman /ɪnˈhjuːmən/
adj. 不人道的;残忍的
🔊
exclaimed /ɪkˈskleɪmd/
v. 惊叫道(过去式)
🔊
sobs /sɒbz/
n. 抽泣(复数)

第二天,公爵没有对女儿说一句话,但她注意到,晚餐时他吩咐先给布里安小姐上菜。饭后,当男仆递上咖啡并习惯性地先从公爵小姐开始时,公爵突然勃然大怒,将手杖向菲利普扔去,并立即下令将他送去充军。“他不听话……我说过两次了……他不听话!她才是这家的第一人;她是我最好的朋友,”公爵喊道。“如果你敢,”他狂怒地尖叫道,第一次直接对着玛丽亚公爵小姐说,“再像昨天那样在她面前放肆,我要让你知道谁是这家的主人。出去!别再让我见到你;去求她原谅!”

🔊
furious /ˈfjʊəriəs/
adj. 狂怒的
🔊
instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/
adv. 立刻;马上
🔊
instructions /ɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/
n. 指示;指令(复数)
🔊
conscripted /kənˈskrɪptɪd/
v. 被征召(过去分词)
🔊
obey /əˈbeɪ/
v. 服从;听从
🔊
screamed /skriːmd/
v. 尖叫(过去式)
🔊
fury /ˈfjʊəri/
n. 暴怒;狂怒
🔊
addressing /əˈdresɪŋ/
v. 对…说话(现在分词)
🔊
dared /deəd/
v. 敢(过去式)
🔊
master /ˈmɑːstər/
n. 主人;主宰
🔊
beg /beɡ/
v. 乞求;请求
🔊
pardon /ˈpɑːdən/
n. 原谅;宽恕

玛丽亚公爵小姐向布里安小姐道了歉,也为自己和曾求她帮忙的男仆菲利普向父亲道了歉。

🔊
intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃən/
n. 干预;介入

在这样的时刻,她灵魂中升起一种近乎牺牲的自豪感。于是,她曾指责的那位父亲,会在她面前摸索着找眼镜,明明就在近旁却看不见;或者刚刚发生的事转眼就忘了;或者双腿无力走不稳,还要回头看是否有人注意到他的衰弱;更糟的是,在晚餐时,没有客人的刺激,他会突然睡着,餐巾滑落,颤抖的脑袋垂到盘子上。“他又老又弱,我竟敢指责他!”她在这样的时刻想,心中充满对自己的厌恶。

🔊
sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/
n. 牺牲;奉献
🔊
spectacles /ˈspektəkəlz/
n. 眼镜(复数)
🔊
fumbling /ˈfʌmblɪŋ/
v. 摸索(现在分词)
🔊
occurred /əˈkɜːd/
v. 发生(过去式)
🔊
feebleness /ˈfiːbəlnəs/
n. 虚弱;无力
🔊
excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/
v. 使兴奋;激起
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napkin /ˈnæpkɪn/
n. 餐巾
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sink /sɪŋk/
v. 下沉;落下
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feeble /ˈfiːbəl/
adj. 虚弱的;无力的
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condemn /kənˈdem/
v. 谴责;指责
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revulsion /rɪˈvʌlʃən/
n. 厌恶;反感
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。