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Book Eleven – Chapter twelve (第十二章)

探索《战争与和平》第12章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

罗斯托夫一家在莫斯科一直住到九月一日,也就是敌人进城的前夜。

🔊
eve /iːv/
n. 前夕,前夜
🔊
enemy /ˈenəmi/
n. 敌人,敌军
🔊
entry /ˈentri/
n. 进入,入口
🔊 After Pétya had joined Obolénski's regiment of Cossacks and left for Bélaya Tsérkov where that regiment was forming, the countess was seized with terror. The thought that both her sons were at the war, had both gone from under her wing, that today or tomorrow either or both of them might be killed like the three sons of one of her acquaintances, struck her that summer for the first time with cruel clearness. She tried to get Nicholas back and wished to go herself to join Pétya, or to get him an appointment somewhere in Petersburg, but neither of these proved possible. Pétya could not return unless his regiment did so or unless he was transferred to another regiment on active service. Nicholas was somewhere with the army and had not sent a word since his last letter, in which he had given a detailed account of his meeting with Princess Mary. The countess did not sleep at night, or when she did fall asleep dreamed that she saw her sons lying dead. After many consultations and conversations, the count at last devised means to tranquillize her. He got Pétya transferred from Obolénski's regiment to Bezúkhov's, which was in training near Moscow. Though Pétya would remain in the service, this transfer would give the countess the consolation of seeing at least one of her sons under her wing, and she hoped to arrange matters for her Pétya so as not to let him go again, but always get him appointed to places where he could not possibly take part in a battle. As long as Nicholas alone was in danger the countess imagined that she loved her first-born more than all her other children and even reproached herself for it; but when her youngest: the scapegrace who had been bad at lessons, was always breaking things in the house and making himself a nuisance to everybody, that snub-nosed Pétya with his merry black eyes and fresh rosy cheeks where soft down was just beginning to show--when he was thrown amid those big, dreadful, cruel men who were fighting somewhere about something and apparently finding pleasure in it--then his mother thought she loved him more, much more, than all her other children. The nearer the time came for Pétya to return, the more uneasy grew the countess. She began to think she would never live to see such happiness. The presence of Sónya, of her beloved Natásha, or even of her husband irritated her. "What do I want with them? I want no one but Pétya," she thought.

在彼佳加入了奥博连斯基的哥萨克团并前往那个团正在组建的白教堂之后,伯爵夫人陷入了恐慌。想到她的两个儿子都在战场上,都离开了她的庇护,今天或明天其中一个或两个都可能像她一位熟人的三个儿子那样被杀,这个念头在那个夏天第一次以残酷的清晰击中了她的心。她试图让尼古拉回来,并想亲自去找彼佳, 或者给他找一个在彼得堡的某个职位,但这些都未能实现。彼佳不能回来,除非他的团撤离,或者他被调到另一个正在服役的团。尼古拉随军在某处,自从上次详细描述他与玛丽亚公爵小姐会面的信之后,再无音讯。伯爵夫人彻夜难眠,即使睡着了,也会梦见她的儿子们躺在那里死了。经过多次商议和谈话,伯爵终于想出了让她安心的办法。他把彼佳从奥博连斯基的团调到了在莫斯科附近训练的别祖霍夫的团。尽管彼佳仍将留在军役中,但这次调动至少让伯爵夫人得到一个安慰,可以看到她一个儿子在她的庇护之下,她希望能为她的彼佳安排好一切,不让他再离开,总是把他派到不可能参加战斗的地方。只要只有尼古拉处于危险中时,伯爵夫人以为她爱她的长子胜过所有其他孩子,甚至为此自责;但当下一个最小的儿子--那个学业不佳、总是弄坏家里东西、惹人讨厌的淘气鬼,那个长着明亮黑眼睛、红润鲜嫩的脸颊上刚冒出柔毛的翘鼻子彼佳,当他被抛入那些高大、可怕、残酷的男人中间,他们为了某件事在某处打仗,并且显然以此为乐时--他的母亲觉得她爱他胜过所有其他孩子,而且深得多。随着彼佳归期临近,伯爵夫人越发不安。她开始觉得自己活不到看到那种幸福的时候。索尼娅、她深爱的娜塔莎,甚至她丈夫的存在都让她恼火。“我要他们做什么?除了彼佳,我谁也不要。”她想。

🔊
seized /siːzd/
v. 抓住,攫取;被(情绪)支配
🔊
terror /ˈterər/
n. 恐怖,惊骇
🔊
acquaintances /əˈkweɪntənsɪz/
n. 熟人,相识的人
🔊
struck /strʌk/
v. 打击;使突然意识到
🔊
cruel /ˈkruːəl/
adj. 残忍的,残酷的
🔊
clearness /ˈklɪərnəs/
n. 清晰,明白
🔊
appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/
n. 任命;约会
🔊
proved /pruːvd/
v. 证明;结果是
🔊
transferred /trænsˈfɜːrd/
v. 转移;调任
🔊
active service /ˈæktɪv ˈsɜːrvɪs/
n. 现役(军队)
🔊
detailed account /dɪˈteɪld əˈkaʊnt/
n. 详细描述
🔊
consultations /ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃənz/
n. 咨询,商议
🔊
conversations /ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃənz/
n. 谈话,对话
🔊
devised /dɪˈvaɪzd/
v. 设计,想出
🔊
tranquillize /ˈtræŋkwɪlaɪz/
v. 使平静,使镇定
🔊
regiment /ˈredʒɪmənt/
n. 团(军队编制)
🔊
consolation /ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃən/
n. 安慰,慰藉
🔊
reproached /rɪˈprəʊtʃt/
v. 责备,指责
🔊
scapegrace /ˈskeɪpɡreɪs/
n. 淘气鬼,无赖
🔊
nuisance /ˈnjuːsəns/
n. 讨厌的人或事物
🔊
snub-nosed /ˈsnʌb nəʊzd/
adj. 塌鼻子的
🔊
merry /ˈmeri/
adj. 愉快的,快活的
🔊
dreadful /ˈdredfəl/
adj. 可怕的,令人恐惧的
🔊
apparently /əˈpærəntli/
adv. 显然,表面上
🔊
presence /ˈprezəns/
n. 在场,存在
🔊
beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/
adj. 心爱的,挚爱的
🔊
irritated /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd/
v. 激怒,使烦躁
🔊
uneasy /ʌnˈiːzi/
adj. 不安的,焦虑的
🔊
first-born /ˈfɜːrst bɔːrn/
n. 长子,长女
🔊
amid /əˈmɪd/
prep. 在……中,在……之间

八月底,罗斯托夫一家收到了尼古拉的另一封信。他是从沃罗涅日省寄来的,他被派往那里采购补充马匹,但那封信并没有让伯爵夫人安心。得知一个儿子已经脱离危险,她反而更加担心彼佳了。

🔊
procure /prəˈkjʊər/
v. 获得,采购
🔊
remounts /riːˈmaʊnts/
n. 新马匹,补充马匹
🔊
anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/
adj. 焦虑的,担忧的

尽管到八月二十日,罗斯托夫一家的几乎所有熟人都已离开莫斯科,尽管人人都劝说伯爵夫人尽快离开,但她坚决不肯在宝贝儿子--她心爱的彼佳--回来之前动身。八月二十八日,他到了。母亲对他的热情爱抚并没有让这位十六岁的军官高兴。尽管她向他隐瞒了想把他留在身边保护的意图,彼佳还是猜到了她的心思,并且本能地害怕和她在一起时会感情用事--在自己心中称之为“变得娘娘腔”--所以他冷淡地对待她,躲着她,在莫斯科停留期间只和娜塔莎亲近,他对她一直有一种特别的哥哥般的柔情,几乎像恋人一般。

🔊
persuade /pərˈsweɪd/
v. 说服,劝说
🔊
treasure /ˈtreʒər/
n. 珍宝,珍爱之物
🔊
adored /əˈdɔːrd/
v. 崇拜,爱慕(adore的过去式)
🔊
passionate /ˈpæʃənət/
adj. 热情的,热烈的
🔊
tenderness /ˈtendərnəs/
n. 温柔,柔情
🔊
concealed /kənˈsiːld/
v. 隐藏,隐瞒
🔊
intention /ɪnˈtenʃən/
n. 意图,打算
🔊
designs /dɪˈzaɪnz/
n. 计划,意图(常含贬义)
🔊
instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/
adv. 本能地
🔊
emotion /ɪˈməʊʃən/
n. 情感,情绪
🔊
womanish /ˈwʊmənɪʃ/
adj. 女人气的,柔弱的
🔊
termed /tɜːrmd/
v. 把……称为
🔊
coldly /ˈkəʊldli/
adv. 冷淡地,冷漠地
🔊
avoided /əˈvɔɪdɪd/
v. 避免,回避
🔊
attached /əˈtætʃt/
v. 依附;使依恋
🔊
exclusively /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/
adv. 专门地,唯一地
🔊
particularly /pərˈtɪkjʊlərli/
adv. 特别地,尤其
🔊
brotherly /ˈbrʌðərli/
adj. 兄弟般的
🔊
lover-like /ˈlʌvər laɪk/
adj. 情人般的
🔊 Owing to the count's customary carelessness nothing was ready for their departure by the twenty-eighth of August and the carts that were to come from their Ryazán and Moscow estates to remove their household belongings did not arrive till the thirtieth.

由于伯爵一贯的粗心大意,到八月二十八日,他们的出发准备工作一样都没做好,从他们的梁赞和莫斯科庄园来搬运行李的马车直到三十日才到。

🔊
owing to /ˈəʊɪŋ tuː/
prep. 由于,因为
🔊
customary /ˈkʌstəməri/
adj. 习惯的,惯例的
🔊
carelessness /ˈkeərləsnəs/
n. 粗心,疏忽
🔊
departure /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/
n. 出发,离开
🔊
estates /ɪˈsteɪts/
n. 庄园,地产
🔊
household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/
adj. 家庭的,家用的
🔊
belongings /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/
n. 所有物,财产
🔊 From the twenty-eighth till the thirty-first of August all Moscow was in a bustle and commotion. Every day thousands of men wounded at Borodinó were brought in by the Dorogomílov gate and taken to various parts of Moscow, and thousands of carts conveyed the inhabitants and their possessions out by the other gates. In spite of Rostopchín's broadsheets, or because of them or independently of them, the strangest and most contradictory rumors were current in the town. Some said that no one was to be allowed to leave the city, others on the contrary said that all the icons had been taken out of the churches and everybody was to be ordered to leave. Some said there had been another battle after Borodinó at which the French had been routed, while others on the contrary reported that the Russian army had been destroyed. Some talked about the Moscow militia which, preceded by the clergy, would go to the Three Hills; others whispered that Augustin had been forbidden to leave, that traitors had been seized, that the peasants were rioting and robbing people on their way from Moscow, and so on. But all this was only talk; in reality (though the Council of Filí, at which it was decided to abandon Moscow, had not yet been held) both those who went away and those who remained behind felt, though they did not show it, that Moscow would certainly be abandoned, and that they ought to get away as quickly as possible and save their belongings. It was felt that everything would suddenly break up and change, but up to the first of September nothing had done so. As a criminal who is being led to execution knows that he must die immediately, but yet looks about him and straightens the cap that is awry on his head, so Moscow involuntarily continued its wonted life, though it knew that the time of its destruction was near when the conditions of life to which its people were accustomed to submit would be completely upset.

从八月二十八日到三十一日,整个莫斯科一片骚动忙乱。每天都有成千上万在博罗季诺受伤的士兵通过多罗戈米洛夫门被运进来,送到莫斯科各地;同时,成千上万辆马车通过其他城门把居民和他们的财产运出去。尽管有拉斯托普钦的传单,也许正是因为这些传单,或者与它们无关,城里流传着最离奇、最矛盾的谣言。有人说谁也不许离开城市,相反地,也有人说教堂里所有的圣像都被取出来了,所有人都被命令离开。有人说在博罗季诺之后又打了一仗,法军被击溃了,而相反的说法是俄军被消灭了。有人谈论起莫斯科的民兵, 说他们将在神职人员的率领下前往三山;还有人悄悄说奥古斯丁被禁止离开,叛徒已被抓获,农民们正在暴动,抢劫从莫斯科出逃的人,等等。但这些都只是传言;实际上(尽管决定放弃莫斯科的菲利会议尚未召开),无论是离开的人还是留下的人,虽然嘴上不说,心里都清楚莫斯科肯定会被放弃,他们必须尽快逃离,保全自己的财产。大家都感到一切都会突然崩溃和改变,但直到九月一日,什么变化也没有发生。就像一个被押赴刑场的罪犯,明知自己马上就要死,却仍然环顾四周,扶正头上歪戴的帽子,莫斯科也不由自主地继续着它惯常的生活,尽管它知道毁灭的时刻已经临近,那时人们习以为常的生活条件将被彻底颠覆。

🔊
bustle /ˈbʌsl/
n. 喧闹,匆忙
🔊
commotion /kəˈməʊʃən/
n. 骚动,混乱
🔊
wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/
adj. 受伤的
🔊
conveyed /kənˈveɪd/
v. 运送,传达
🔊
inhabitants /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/
n. 居民
🔊
possessions /pəˈzeʃənz/
n. 财产,所有物
🔊
broadsheets /ˈbrɔːdʃiːts/
n. 大幅单张印刷品,公告
🔊
independently /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/
adv. 独立地,无关地
🔊
contradictory /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri/
adj. 矛盾的,对立的
🔊
rumors /ˈruːmərz/
n. 谣言,传闻
🔊
current /ˈkʌrənt/
adj. 当前的,流通的
🔊
icons /ˈaɪkɒnz/
n. 圣像,图标
🔊
routed /ruːtɪd/
v. 击溃,溃败
🔊
destroyed /dɪˈstrɔɪd/
v. 摧毁,毁灭
🔊
militia /mɪˈlɪʃə/
n. 民兵,国民自卫队
🔊
preceded /prɪˈsiːdɪd/
v. 在……之前,先于
🔊
clergy /ˈklɜːrdʒi/
n. 神职人员,圣职者
🔊
whispered /ˈwɪspərd/
v. 低语,耳语;私下传播
🔊
forbidden /fərˈbɪdən/
v. 禁止(forbid的过去分词)
🔊
traitors /ˈtreɪtərz/
n. 叛徒,卖国贼
🔊
peasants /ˈpezənts/
n. 农民,农夫
🔊
rioting /ˈraɪətɪŋ/
v. 发动暴乱,闹事
🔊
robbing /ˈrɒbɪŋ/
v. 抢劫,抢夺
🔊
abandon /əˈbændən/
v. 放弃,遗弃
🔊
criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/
n. 罪犯,犯人
🔊
execution /ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃən/
n. 处决,执行
🔊
straightens /ˈstreɪtənz/
v. 弄直,整理
🔊
awry /əˈraɪ/
adj. 歪斜的,错误的
🔊
involuntarily /ɪnˈvɒləntərɪli/
adv. 不自觉地,非自愿地
🔊
wonted /ˈwəʊntɪd/
adj. 习惯的,惯常的
🔊
destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/
n. 毁灭,破坏
🔊
accustomed /əˈkʌstəmd/
adj. 习惯的,适应的
🔊
submit /səbˈmɪt/
v. 服从,提交
🔊
upset /ʌpˈset/
v. 打乱,使不安

在占领莫斯科前的三天里,罗斯托夫全家都忙于各种事务。家长伊利亚·罗斯托夫伯爵不停地驾车在城里奔走,从各处收集最新谣言,在家里就出发准备事宜做出些表面而仓促的安排。

🔊
preceding /prɪˈsiːdɪŋ/
adj. 在前的,前述的
🔊
occupation /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃən/
n. 占领;职业
🔊
absorbed /əbˈzɔːrbd/
v. 使全神贯注;吸收
🔊
continually /kənˈtɪnjʊəli/
adv. 持续地,不断地
🔊
superficial /ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃəl/
adj. 肤浅的,表面的
🔊
hasty /ˈheɪsti/
adj. 匆忙的,草率的
🔊
preparations /ˌprepəˈreɪʃənz/
n. 准备,预备

伯爵夫人监督着行李打包,对一切都不满意,不停地追赶着总是躲着她的彼佳,并嫉妒和他形影不离的娜塔莎。只有索尼娅负责实际的打包工作。但近来索尼娅格外忧郁沉默。尼古拉在信中提到玛丽亚公爵小姐, 伯爵夫人在她面前发表了欣喜的评论,认为公爵小姐和尼古拉的这次会面是天意的安排。

🔊
dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪd/
adj. 不满意的
🔊
constantly /ˈkɒnstəntli/
adv. 持续地,经常地
🔊
pursuit /pərˈsjuːt/
n. 追赶,追求
🔊
jealous /ˈdʒeləs/
adj. 嫉妒的
🔊
directed /dɪˈrektɪd/
v. 指导,管理
🔊
practical /ˈpræktɪkəl/
adj. 实际的,实用的
🔊
of late /ɒv leɪt/
adv. 最近,近来
🔊
silent /ˈsaɪlənt/
adj. 沉默的,安静的
🔊
elicited /ɪˈlɪsɪtɪd/
v. 引出,诱出
🔊
joyous /ˈdʒɔɪəs/
adj. 喜悦的,高兴的
🔊
intervention /ˌɪntərˈvenʃən/
n. 干预,介入
🔊
Providence /ˈprɒvɪdəns/
n. 天意,天命

“我从来就不满意博尔孔斯基和娜塔莎的订婚,”伯爵夫人说道,“但我一直希望尼古拉娶那位公爵小姐,而且我有预感这件事会发生。那该多好啊!”

🔊
engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/
n. 订婚;约会
🔊
presentiment /prɪˈzentɪmənt/
n. 预感(尤指不祥的)
🔊 Sónya felt that this was true: that the only possibility of retrieving the Rostóvs' affairs was by Nicholas marrying a rich woman, and that the princess was a good match. It was very bitter for her. But despite her grief, or perhaps just because of it, she took on herself all the difficult work of directing the storing and packing of their things and was busy for whole days. The count and countess turned to her when they had any orders to give. Pétya and Natásha on the contrary, far from helping their parents, were generally a nuisance and a hindrance to everyone. Almost all day long the house resounded with their running feet, their cries, and their spontaneous laughter. They laughed and were gay not because there was any reason to laugh, but because gaiety and mirth were in their hearts and so everything that happened was a cause for gaiety and laughter to them. Pétya was in high spirits because having left home a boy he had returned (as everybody told him) a fine young man, because he was at home, because he had left Bélaya Tsérkov where there was no hope of soon taking part in a battle and had come to Moscow where there was to be fighting in a few days, and chiefly because Natásha, whose lead he always followed, was in high spirits. Natásha was gay because she had been sad too long and now nothing reminded her of the cause of her sadness, and because she was feeling well. She was also happy because she had someone to adore her: the adoration of others was a lubricant the wheels of her machine needed to make them run freely--and Pétya adored her. Above all, they were gay because there was a war near Moscow, there would be fighting at the town gates, arms were being given out, everybody was escaping--going away somewhere, and in general something extraordinary was happening, and that is always exciting, especially to the young.

索尼娅觉得这是事实:要挽回罗斯托夫一家的家业,唯一的希望就是尼古拉娶一位富家女,而公爵小姐正是门当户对的婚姻。这让她非常痛苦。但尽管悲痛,或许正因如此,她承担起指挥储存和打包物品的所有繁重工作,整天忙碌。伯爵和伯爵夫人有事要吩咐时,都来找她。相反,彼佳和娜塔莎非但不帮助父母,反而总是给大家添麻烦,碍手碍脚。几乎一整天,房子里都回荡着他们奔跑的脚步声、喊叫声和情不自禁的笑声。他们欢笑并非因为有任何理性的理由,而是因为他们的心中充满了快乐和喜悦,所以发生的一切都成了他们快乐和欢笑的原因。彼佳兴高采烈,因为他离家时还是个孩子,现在回来时(大家都这么说)已经是个英俊的青年了,因为他在家,因为他离开了没有希望很快参加战斗的白教堂,来到了几天后就要开战的莫斯科,而更主要的是因为他总是跟着走的娜塔莎兴高采烈。娜塔莎快乐,是因为她悲伤了太久,如今再也没有什么让她想起悲伤的缘由了,而且她感觉身体很好。她也高兴,因为有人崇拜她:别人的崇拜是她机器轮子能够自由运转所需的润滑剂--而彼佳崇拜她。最重要的是,他们快乐,是因为莫斯科附近发生了战争,城门口就要打仗了,武器正在分发,人人都在逃离--到某个地方去,总之,不寻常的事情正在发生,而这总是令人兴奋的,尤其对年轻人来说。

🔊
retrieving /rɪˈtriːvɪŋ/
v. 挽回,取回
🔊
affairs /əˈfeərz/
n. 事务,事情
🔊
match /mætʃ/
n. 匹配;婚姻对象
🔊
bitter /ˈbɪtər/
adj. 痛苦的,苦的
🔊
despite /dɪˈspaɪt/
prep. 尽管,不管
🔊
grief /ɡriːf/
n. 悲伤,悲痛
🔊
directing /dɪˈrektɪŋ/
v. 指导,管理(direct的现在分词)
🔊
storing /ˈstɔːrɪŋ/
v. 储存,存放
🔊
packing /ˈpækɪŋ/
v. 打包,整理
🔊
hindrance /ˈhɪndrəns/
n. 障碍,妨碍
🔊
resounded /rɪˈzaʊndɪd/
v. 回响,充满声音
🔊
spontaneous /spɒnˈteɪniəs/
adj. 自发的,自然的
🔊
gaiety /ˈɡeɪəti/
n. 欢乐,愉快
🔊
mirth /mɜːrθ/
n. 欢笑,欢乐
🔊
lead /liːd/
n. 领导,引导
🔊
adore /əˈdɔːr/
v. 崇拜,爱慕
🔊
adoration /ˌædəˈreɪʃən/
n. 崇拜,爱慕
🔊
lubricant /ˈluːbrɪkənt/
n. 润滑剂
🔊
escaping /ɪˈskeɪpɪŋ/
v. 逃跑,逃避
🔊
extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːrdɪneri/
adj. 非凡的,特别的
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。