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Book Eleven: 1812 – Chapter twenty-six (第二十六章)

探索《战争与和平》第26章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

下午将近四点钟的时候,缪拉的部队正进入莫斯科。前面骑行着一队符腾堡骠骑兵,后面跟着那不勒斯国王本人,由一大群随从簇拥着。

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troops /truːps/
n. 部队,军队
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detachment /dɪˈtætʃmənt/
n. 分遣队,分离
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accompanied /əˈkʌmpənid/
v. 伴随,陪同(过去式)
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numerous /ˈnjuːmərəs/
adj. 许多的,大量的
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suite /swiːt/
n. 随从,套房

在阿尔巴特街中段,靠近圣尼古拉显灵教堂的地方,缪拉停下来等待先遣队关于那座堡垒--克里姆林宫--状况的消息。一些留在莫斯科的人聚集在缪拉周围。他们都带着胆怯和困惑,盯着这位穿着饰有羽毛和金饰的衣服的奇怪的长发指挥官。

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halted /hɔːltɪd/
v. 停止,暂停(过去式)
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await /əˈweɪt/
v. 等待,期待
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advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/
adj. 先进的,高级的;在前面的
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citadel /ˈsɪtədəl/
n. 城堡,要塞,圣地
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timid /ˈtɪmɪd/
adj. 胆小的,羞怯的
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bewilderment /bɪˈwɪldərmənt/
n. 困惑,迷茫

“那是他们的沙皇本人吗?他还不赖嘛!”可以听见有人低声说。一名翻译骑马来到人群跟前。

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interpreter /ɪnˈtɜːprɪtər/
n. 口译员,解释者

“脱帽……脱掉你们的帽子!”这话在人群中传开。翻译对一位老门房说话,问他到克里姆林宫远不远。门房困惑地听着陌生的波兰口音,没意识到翻译说的是俄语,不明白对方在说什么,便躲到别人身后去了。

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addressed /əˈdrest/
v. 向…说话,处理(过去式)
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porter /ˈpɔːrtər/
n. 门房,搬运工
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perplexity /pərˈpleksəti/
n. 困惑,茫然
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unfamiliar /ʌnfəˈmɪliər/
adj. 不熟悉的,陌生的
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accent /ˈæksent/
n. 口音,重音

缪拉走到翻译跟前,让他去问俄军在哪里。一个俄国人听懂了问题,几个声音同时开始回答翻译。一名法语军官从先遣队返回,策马来到缪拉跟前,报告说城堡的大门已被堵住,那里可能有埋伏。“好!”缪拉说着,转向一位随从侍从,命令把四门轻炮向前移动,轰击大门。

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approached /əˈproʊtʃt/
v. 接近,靠近(过去式)
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reported /rɪˈpɔːrtɪd/
v. 报告,报道(过去式)
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barricaded /ˈbærɪkeɪdɪd/
v. 设置路障,封锁(过去分词)
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ambuscade /ˈæmbəskeɪd/
n. 伏兵,埋伏
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ordered /ˈɔːrdərd/
v. 命令,订购(过去式)

炮队小跑着从跟随缪拉的纵队中出来,沿着阿尔巴特街前进。到达沃兹德维任卡街尽头时,他们停下,在广场上展开。几名法语军官指挥着架炮,并用望远镜望着克里姆林宫。

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emerged /ɪˈmɜːrdʒd/
v. 出现,浮现(过去式)
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trot /trɑːt/
n. 小跑,快步
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column /ˈkɑːləm/
n. 纵队,专栏,圆柱
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superintended /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtendɪd/
v. 监督,主管(过去式)
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placing /ˈpleɪsɪŋ/
n. 放置,安置
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field glasses /fiːld ˈɡlæsɪz/
n. 双筒望远镜

克里姆林宫的钟声响起,是晚祷的时候了,这声音令法语感到不安。他们以为那是战斗的号令。几名步兵朝库塔菲亚门跑去。那里已经架起了木梁和木栅栏,一名军官带着士兵刚刚开始向门奔去,门下就响起了两枪火枪的射击声。一位站在炮旁的将军向军官喊了几句命令,后者又带着士兵跑了回来。门下又传来三声枪响。

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troubled /ˈtrʌbld/
v. 使烦恼,打扰(过去式)
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imagined /ɪˈmædʒɪnd/
v. 想象,设想(过去式)
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infantrymen /ˈɪnfəntrimen/
n. 步兵(复数)
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beams /biːmz/
n. 梁,横梁;光束
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screens /skriːnz/
n. 屏风,屏幕,掩体
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musket /ˈmʌskɪt/
n. 火枪,滑膛枪
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shots /ʃɑːts/
n. 射击,枪声(复数)
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latter /ˈlætər/
n. 后者,(两者中的)后一个

一发子弹击中了一名法语士兵的脚,从栅栏后面传来几个奇怪的呼喊声。刹那间,如同接到命令一般,法语将军、军官和士兵们脸上的愉快平静的表情,变成了决心要战斗和承受苦难的坚定而专注的神情。对于从元帅到最底层的士兵来说,这个地方不再是沃兹德维任卡、莫霍瓦亚街或库塔菲亚街,也不是特罗伊察门(莫斯科熟悉的地方),而是一处新战场,很可能是血战。所有人都准备好投入战斗。门后的呼喊声停止了。火炮向前推进,炮手吹掉火绳上的灰烬,一名军官下令“开火!”接着是两发霰弹先后呼啸而出。弹丸噼里啪啦地打在石门上和木梁木栅栏上,两团摇曳的烟雾在广场上升起。

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struck /strʌk/
v. 击打,撞击(过去式)
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instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/
adv. 立即,马上
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expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/
n. 表情,表达
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cheerful /ˈtʃɪərfl/
adj. 愉快的,高兴的
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serenity /səˈrenəti/
n. 安详,宁静
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determined /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/
adj. 坚决的,有决心的
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concentrated /ˈkɑːnsntreɪtɪd/
adj. 集中的,专注的
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readiness /ˈredinəs/
n. 准备就绪,愿意
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strife /straɪf/
n. 冲突,争斗
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suffering /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/
n. 痛苦,苦难
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marshal /ˈmɑːrʃl/
n. 元帅,最高指挥官
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battlefield /ˈbætlfiːld/
n. 战场
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prove /pruːv/
v. 证明,证实
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sanguinary /ˈsæŋɡwɪneri/
adj. 血腥的,残暴的
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ceased /siːst/
v. 停止,终止(过去式)
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artillerymen /ɑːrˈtɪlərimen/
n. 炮兵(复数)
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linstocks /ˈlɪnstɑːks/
n. 火绳杆(点炮用的)
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rattled /ˈrætld/
v. 发出嘎嘎声,使紧张(过去式)
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wavering /ˈweɪvərɪŋ/
adj. 摇摆的,犹豫的
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canister shot /ˈkænɪstər ʃɑːt/
n. 霰弹(一种炮弹)

枪声在石头建造的克里姆林宫上空回荡的余音刚刚消散,法语就听到头顶传来一阵奇怪的声音。成千上万的乌鸦从墙头飞起,在空中盘旋,呱呱叫着,嘈杂地拍打着翅膀。伴随着这声音,从门洞里传来一个人孤独的喊叫声,烟雾中出现了一个没戴帽子、穿着农夫大衣的人影。他手握一支火枪,向法语瞄准。“开火!”军官再次下令,同时响起了火枪和两门加农炮的射击声。大门又被烟雾吞没了。

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instants /ˈɪnstənts/
n. 瞬间,片刻(复数)
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echo /ˈekoʊ/
n. 回声,回响
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reports /rɪˈpɔːrts/
n. 报告;枪炮声(复数)
🔊
resounding /rɪˈzaʊndɪŋ/
v. 回响,充满声音(现在分词)
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stone-built /stəʊn bɪlt/
adj. 用石头建造的
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died away /daɪd əˈweɪ/
phr. 逐渐消失,减弱
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solitary /ˈsɑːləteri/
adj. 孤独的,单独的
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gateway /ˈɡeɪtweɪ/
n. 门口,入口
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amid /əˈmɪd/
prep. 在……之中
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grasped /ɡræspt/
v. 抓住,理解(过去式)
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took aim /tʊk eɪm/
phr. 瞄准
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repeated /rɪˈpiːtɪd/
v. 重复(过去式)
🔊
cannon /ˈkænən/
n. 大炮
🔊
simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪniəsli/
adv. 同时地

栅栏后面不再有动静,法语的步兵士兵和军官向大门前进。门口躺着三名伤员和四具尸体。两个穿着农夫大衣的人沿着墙根朝兹纳缅卡方向逃跑了。

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stirred /stɜːrd/
v. 动,搅动,激起(过去式)
🔊
wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/
adj. 受伤的
🔊
peasant /ˈpeznt/
n. 农民,乡下人
🔊 "Clear that away!" said the officer, pointing to the beams and the corpses, and the French soldiers, after dispatching the wounded, threw the corpses over the parapet. Who these men were nobody knew. "Clear that away!" was all that was said of them, and they were thrown over the parapet and removed later on that they might not stink. Thiers alone dedicates a few eloquent lines to their memory: "These wretches had occupied the sacred citadel, having supplied themselves with guns from the arsenal, and fired" (the wretches) "at the French. Some of them were sabered and the Kremlin was purged of their presence."

“把这些清走!”军官指着木梁和尸体说道,法语士兵们在结果了伤员之后,把尸体扔过了矮墙。没有人知道这些人是谁。“把这些清走!”这就是关于他们的一切说法,他们被扔过矮墙,后来又被搬走以免发臭。只有梯也尔用几行华丽的文字纪念他们:“这些可怜虫占领了神圣的城堡,从军械库拿了枪,向法语开火(这些可怜虫)。他们之中一些人被马刀砍死,克里姆林宫就此清除了他们的存在。”

🔊
corpses /kɔːrpsɪz/
n. 尸体(复数)
🔊
dispatching /dɪˈspætʃɪŋ/
v. 发送,处理;处决(现在分词)
🔊
parapet /ˈpærəpɪt/
n. 栏杆,护墙
🔊
removed /rɪˈmuːvd/
v. 移除,搬走(过去分词)
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dedicates /ˈdedɪkeɪts/
v. 奉献,题献(第三人称单数)
🔊
eloquent /ˈeləkwənt/
adj. 雄辩的,有口才的
🔊
wretches /ˈretʃɪz/
n. 可怜虫,无耻之徒(复数)
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occupied /ˈɑːkjupaɪd/
v. 占领,占据(过去分词)
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supplied /səˈplaɪd/
v. 供应,提供(过去分词)
🔊
arsenal /ˈɑːrsənl/
n. 军火库,兵工厂
🔊
sabered /ˈseɪbərd/
v. 用马刀砍(过去分词)
🔊
purged /pɜːrdʒd/
v. 清除,清洗(过去分词)

缪拉接到报告,道路已经清理干净。法语进入大门,开始在元老院广场扎营。士兵们从元老院大厦的窗户里把椅子扔到广场上当柴火,并在那里生起了火。

🔊
informed /ɪnˈfɔːrmd/
v. 通知,告知(过去分词)
🔊
entered /ˈentərd/
v. 进入(过去式)
🔊
pitching /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/
v. 搭(帐篷),投掷(现在分词)
🔊
kindled /ˈkɪndld/
v. 点燃,激起(过去式)

其他分队穿过克里姆林宫,沿着莫罗谢伊卡、卢比扬卡和波克罗夫卡街驻扎。另一些则沿着沃兹德维任卡、尼科尔斯基街和特维尔街宿营。由于到处找不到房屋的主人,法语不像通常在城市里那样被安置在居民家中,而是像在营地一样住在里面。

🔊
detachments /dɪˈtætʃmənts/
n. 分遣队(复数)
🔊
quartered /ˈkwɔːrtərd/
v. 使驻扎,分区(过去式)
🔊
billeted /ˈbɪlɪtɪd/
v. 为(士兵)提供住处(过去分词)
🔊
inhabitants /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/
n. 居民(复数)
🔊 Though tattered, hungry, worn out, and reduced to a third of their original number, the French entered Moscow in good marching order. It was a weary and famished, but still a fighting and menacing army. But it remained an army only until its soldiers had dispersed into their different lodgings. As soon as the men of the various regiments began to disperse among the wealthy and deserted houses, the army was lost forever and there came into being something nondescript, neither citizens nor soldiers but what are known as marauders. When five weeks later these same men left Moscow, they no longer formed an army. They were a mob of marauders, each carrying a quantity of articles which seemed to him valuable or useful. The aim of each man when he left Moscow was no longer, as it had been, to conquer, but merely to keep what he had acquired. Like a monkey which puts its paw into the narrow neck of a jug, and having seized a handful of nuts will not open its fist for fear of losing what it holds, and therefore perishes, the French when they left Moscow had inevitably to perish because they carried their loot with them, yet to abandon what they had stolen was as impossible for them as it is for the monkey to open its paw and let go of its nuts. Ten minutes after each regiment had entered a Moscow district, not a soldier or officer was left. Men in military uniforms and Hessian boots could be seen through the windows, laughing and walking through the rooms. In cellars and storerooms similar men were busy among the provisions, and in the yards unlocking or breaking open coach house and stable doors, lighting fires in kitchens and kneading and baking bread with rolled-up sleeves, and cooking; or frightening, amusing, or caressing women and children. There were many such men both in the shops and houses--but there was no army.

尽管衣衫褴褛、饥肠辘辘、疲惫不堪,人数减少到原来的三分之一,法语进入莫斯科时依然保持着良好的行军秩序。这是一支疲惫饥饿但仍然能战斗、有威胁的军队。然而,只有当他们分散到各自的驻地之前,他们才是一支军队。一旦各团的士兵开始分散到那些富丽堂皇而又空无一人的房子里,这支军队就永远消失了,取而代之的是一种难以名状的东西,既非市民也非士兵,而是被称为掠夺者的人群。五个星期后,这些人离开莫斯科时,他们已不再是一支军队。他们是一群掠夺者,每个人身上都带着大量自以为有价值或有用的物品。每个人离开莫斯科的目的也不再像当初那样是为了征服,而只是为了保住自己得到的东西。就像一只猴子把手伸进窄口罐子,抓了一把坚果后,却不肯松开拳头,生怕失去抓住的东西,因而送了命;法语离开莫斯科时也必然灭亡,因为他们带着抢来的东西,而要他们放弃偷来的财物,就像猴子松开爪子放掉坚果一样不可能。每个团进入莫斯科的一个街区十分钟后,就再也见不到一个士兵或军官了。透过窗户可以看到穿着军装和黑森靴的人在房间里大笑、走来走去。在地窖和储藏室里,同样的人在忙着处理储备品;在院子里,他们撬开或砸开马车房和马厩的门,在厨房里生火,卷起袖子揉面、烤面包、做饭;或者吓唬、逗乐、抚摸妇女和儿童。商店和房子里到处都是这样的人--但军队已经不存在了。

🔊
tattered /ˈtætərd/
adj. 破烂的,衣衫褴褛的
🔊
worn out /wɔːrn aʊt/
adj. 疲惫不堪的,用旧的
🔊
reduced /rɪˈduːst/
adj. 减少的,降低的
🔊
original /əˈrɪdʒənl/
adj. 原来的,最初的
🔊
marching order /ˈmɑːrtʃɪŋ ɔːrdər/
n. 行军秩序,良好状态
🔊
weary /ˈwɪri/
adj. 疲倦的,厌倦的
🔊
famished /ˈfæmɪʃt/
adj. 非常饥饿的
🔊
menacing /ˈmenɪsɪŋ/
adj. 威胁的,险恶的
🔊
dispersed /dɪˈspɜːrst/
v. 分散,驱散(过去分词)
🔊
lodgings /ˈlɑːdʒɪŋz/
n. 住所,寄宿处(复数)
🔊
regiments /ˈredʒɪmənts/
n. 团(军队编制,复数)
🔊
disperse /dɪˈspɜːrs/
v. 分散,疏散(原形)
🔊
wealthy /ˈwelθi/
adj. 富有的,富裕的
🔊
deserted /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/
adj. 荒废的,无人居住的
🔊
nondescript /ˈnɑːndɪskrɪpt/
adj. 难以形容的,平凡的
🔊
citizens /ˈsɪtɪznz/
n. 公民,市民(复数)
🔊
marauders /məˈrɔːdərz/
n. 掠夺者,抢劫者(复数)
🔊
mob /mɑːb/
n. 暴民,一群
🔊
quantity /ˈkwɑːntəti/
n. 数量,大量
🔊
articles /ˈɑːrtɪklz/
n. 物品,文章(复数)
🔊
valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/
adj. 有价值的,宝贵的
🔊
conquer /ˈkɑːŋkər/
v. 征服,战胜
🔊
acquired /əˈkwaɪərd/
v. 获得,习得(过去分词)
🔊
seized /siːzd/
v. 抓住,夺取(过去分词)
🔊
perishes /ˈperɪʃɪz/
v. 消亡,毁灭(第三人称单数)
🔊
inevitably /ɪnˈevɪtəbli/
adv. 不可避免地
🔊
perish /ˈperɪʃ/
v. 消亡,毁灭(原形)
🔊
loot /luːt/
n. 战利品,掠夺物
🔊
abandon /əˈbændən/
v. 抛弃,放弃
🔊
stolen /ˈstoʊlən/
v. 偷窃(过去分词)
🔊
impossible /ɪmˈpɑːsəbl/
adj. 不可能的
🔊
district /ˈdɪstrɪkt/
n. 地区,区域
🔊
military /ˈmɪləteri/
adj. 军事的,军用的
🔊
uniforms /ˈjuːnɪfɔːrmz/
n. 制服(复数)
🔊
cellars /ˈselərz/
n. 地窖(复数)
🔊
storerooms /ˈstɔːrruːmz/
n. 储藏室(复数)
🔊
similar /ˈsɪmələr/
adj. 相似的,类似的
🔊
provisions /prəˈvɪʒnz/
n. 食物,供应品(复数)
🔊
unlocking /ʌnˈlɑːkɪŋ/
v. 开锁(现在分词)
🔊
coach house /koʊtʃ haʊs/
n. 马车房
🔊
kneading /ˈniːdɪŋ/
v. 揉(面团),按摩(现在分词)
🔊
rolled-up /roʊld ʌp/
adj. 卷起的
🔊
frightening /ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/
v. 吓唬,使害怕(现在分词)
🔊
amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/
v. 逗乐,使发笑(现在分词)
🔊
caressing /kəˈresɪŋ/
v. 爱抚,抚摸(现在分词)
🔊 Order after order was issued by the French commanders that day forbidding the men to disperse about the town, sternly forbidding any violence to the inhabitants or any looting, and announcing a roll call for that very evening. But despite all these measures the men, who had till then constituted an army, flowed all over the wealthy, deserted city with its comforts and plentiful supplies. As a hungry herd of cattle keeps well together when crossing a barren field, but gets out of hand and at once disperses uncontrollably as soon as it reaches rich pastures, so did the army disperse all over the wealthy city.

那天,法语指挥官们一道接一道地发布命令,禁止士兵在城内流窜,严禁对居民施暴或抢劫,并宣布当晚点名。但尽管采取了这些措施,那些曾经构成一支军队的士兵,还是涌向了这座舒适、物资丰富的富庶空城。就像一群饥饿的牛群,在穿过不毛之地时还能紧紧聚在一起,但一到达丰美的牧场就立即失控、不可遏制地分散开一样,这支军队也是这样在富庶的城市里散开了。

🔊
issued /ˈɪʃuːd/
v. 发布,发行(过去分词)
🔊
forbidding /fərˈbɪdɪŋ/
v. 禁止(现在分词)
🔊
sternly /ˈstɜːrnli/
adv. 严厉地,严格地
🔊
violence /ˈvaɪələns/
n. 暴力,猛烈
🔊
looting /ˈluːtɪŋ/
n. 抢劫,掠夺
🔊
announcing /əˈnaʊnsɪŋ/
v. 宣布,通告(现在分词)
🔊
roll call /roʊl kɔːl/
n. 点名
🔊
measures /ˈmeʒərz/
n. 措施,方法(复数)
🔊
constituted /ˈkɑːnstɪtuːtɪd/
v. 构成,组成(过去分词)
🔊
comforts /ˈkʌmfərts/
n. 舒适,享受(复数)
🔊
plentiful /ˈplentɪfl/
adj. 丰富的,充足的
🔊
supplies /səˈplaɪz/
n. 供应品,补给(复数)
🔊
barren /ˈbærən/
adj. 贫瘠的,不毛的
🔊
out of hand /aʊt əv hænd/
phr. 失控,不可收拾
🔊
disperses /dɪˈspɜːrsɪz/
v. 分散(第三人称单数)
🔊
uncontrollably /ˌʌnkənˈtroʊləbli/
adv. 无法控制地
🔊
pastures /ˈpæstʃərz/
n. 牧场(复数)
🔊 No residents were left in Moscow, and the soldiers, like water percolating through sand, spread irresistibly through the city in all directions from the Kremlin into which they had first marched. The cavalry, on entering a merchant's house that had been abandoned and finding there stabling more than sufficient for their horses, went on, all the same, to the next house which seemed to them better. Many of them appropriated several houses, chalked their names on them, and quarreled and even fought with other companies for them. Before they had had time to secure quarters the soldiers ran out into the streets to see the city and, hearing that everything had been abandoned, rushed to places where valuables were to be had for the taking. The officers followed to check the soldiers and were involuntarily drawn into doing the same. In Carriage Row carriages had been left in the shops, and generals flocked there to select calèches and coaches for themselves. The few inhabitants who had remained invited commanding officers to their houses, hoping thereby to secure themselves from being plundered. There were masses of wealth and there seemed no end to it. All around the quarters occupied by the French were other regions still unexplored and unoccupied where, they thought, yet greater riches might be found. And Moscow engulfed the army ever deeper and deeper. When water is spilled on dry ground both the dry ground and the water disappear and mud results; and in the same way the entry of the famished army into the rich and deserted city resulted in fires and looting and the destruction of both the army and the wealthy city.

莫斯科已经没有居民留下,士兵们就像水渗透沙子一样,从他们首先进入的克里姆林宫不可阻挡地向全城四面八方扩散。骑兵进入一所被遗弃的商人住宅,发现那里的马厩比他们的马匹所需还要宽敞,却仍然继续前往下一所看起来更好的房子。许多人占用了好几栋房子,用粉笔在上面写上自己的名字,甚至为了它们与其他连队争吵甚至打斗。还没等他们安顿好住处,士兵们就跑上街去看城市,听说所有东西都被遗弃了,便会冲向可以顺手获取贵重物品的地方。军官们跟着去约束士兵,却也不由自主地卷入了同样的行为。马车街的店铺里留下了许多车辆,将军们蜂拥而至为自己挑选敞篷马车和轿式马车。少数留下来的居民邀请指挥官们到家里住,希望能因此免遭抢劫。财富成堆,似乎取之不尽。在法语占领区周围,还有未勘探未占领的区域,他们认为那里可能有更大的财富。莫斯科越来越深地吞噬着这支军队。水泼在干地上,干地和水都消失了,变成了泥浆;同样,这支饥饿的军队进入这座富庶的空城,就导致了火灾和抢劫,以及军队和这座富庶城市的双双毁灭。

🔊
percolating /ˈpɜːrkəleɪtɪŋ/
v. 渗透;过滤
🔊
irresistibly /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbli/
adv. 无法抗拒地
🔊
cavalry /ˈkævəlri/
n. 骑兵
🔊
sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/
adj. 足够的
🔊
appropriated /əˈproʊprieɪtɪd/
v. 占用;挪用
🔊
quarreled /ˈkwɒrəld/
v. 争吵
🔊
involuntarily /ɪnˈvɑːlənterəli/
adv. 不由自主地
🔊
thereby /ˌðeərˈbaɪ/
adv. 因此
🔊
plundered /ˈplʌndərd/
v. 掠夺
🔊
masses /ˈmæsɪz/
n. 大量
🔊
engulfed /ɪnˈɡʌlft/
v. 吞没
🔊
destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/
n. 破坏
🔊
unexplored /ˌʌnɪkˈsplɔːrd/
adj. 未经探索的
🔊
unoccupied /ˌʌnˈɑːkjupaɪd/
adj. 未被占用的
🔊
riches /ˈrɪtʃɪz/
n. 财富
🔊
valuables /ˈvæljuəbəlz/
n. 贵重物品
🔊
commanding /kəˈmændɪŋ/
adj. 指挥的;威严的
🔊
flocked /flɒkt/
v. 聚集
🔊 The French attributed the Fire of Moscow au patriotisme féroce de Rostopchine, the Russians to the barbarity of the French. In reality, however, it was not, and could not be, possible to explain the burning of Moscow by making any individual, or any group of people, responsible for it. Moscow was burned because it found itself in a position in which any town built of wood was bound to burn, quite apart from whether it had, or had not, a hundred and thirty inferior fire engines. Deserted Moscow had to burn as inevitably as a heap of shavings has to burn on which sparks continually fall for several days. A town built of wood, where scarcely a day passes without conflagrations when the house owners are in residence and a police force is present, cannot help burning when its inhabitants have left it and it is occupied by soldiers who smoke pipes, make campfires of the Senate chairs in the Senate Square, and cook themselves meals twice a day. In peacetime it is only necessary to billet troops in the villages of any district and the number of fires in that district immediately increases. How much then must the probability of fire be increased in an abandoned, wooden town where foreign troops are quartered. "Le patriotisme féroce de Rostopchine" and the barbarity of the French were not to blame in the matter. Moscow was set on fire by the soldiers' pipes, kitchens, and campfires, and by the carelessness of enemy soldiers occupying houses they did not own. Even if there was any arson (which is very doubtful, for no one had any reason to burn the houses--in any case a troublesome and dangerous thing to do), arson cannot be regarded as the cause, for the same thing would have happened without any incendiarism.

法语把莫斯科的大火归咎于罗斯托普钦的野蛮爱国主义,俄国人则归咎于法语的野蛮。然而事实上,不可能将莫斯科的燃烧归因于任何个人或群体,这种解释既不可能也不成立。莫斯科之所以被烧,是因为它处于任何木造城镇都必然会燃烧的境地,无论它是否有一百三十台劣质消防泵。被遗弃的莫斯科必然会被烧,就像一堆刨花,连续几天不断有火星落在上面,就必然会燃烧一样。一个木造城镇,在居民居住且有警方存在时,几乎每天都有火灾发生;当居民离开,被吸烟斗的士兵占据,用元老院的椅子在元老院广场生营火,并且每天两次给自己做饭,怎么可能不烧起来呢?和平时期,只要在某个地区的村庄里驻扎军队,那个地区的火灾数量就会立刻增加。那么,在一个被遗弃的、木结构的城镇里驻扎外国军队,火灾的可能性会增加多少呢?“罗斯托普钦的野蛮爱国主义”和法语的野蛮并不是罪魁祸首。莫斯科是被士兵的烟斗、厨房、篝火以及占领不属于自己房子的敌军士兵的粗心大意点燃的。即使有人纵火(这很值得怀疑,因为没有人有任何理性去烧房子--无论如何,这是一件麻烦而危险的事情),也不能认为纵火是原因,因为即使没有纵火,同样的事情也会发生。

🔊
attributed /əˈtrɪbjuːtɪd/
v. 归因于
🔊
barbarity /bɑːrˈbærəti/
n. 残暴;野蛮行为
🔊
inferior /ɪnˈfɪriər/
adj. 较差的;低等的
🔊
shavings /ˈʃeɪvɪŋz/
n. 刨花
🔊
scarcely /ˈskeəsli/
adv. 几乎不
🔊
conflagrations /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃənz/
n. 大火;火灾
🔊
residence /ˈrezɪdəns/
n. 居住;住宅
🔊
peacetime /ˈpiːstaɪm/
n. 和平时期
🔊
billet /ˈbɪlɪt/
v. 安置(部队)
🔊
probability /ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti/
n. 概率;可能性
🔊
carelessness /ˈkeərləsnəs/
n. 粗心;疏忽
🔊
arson /ˈɑːrsən/
n. 纵火;纵火罪
🔊
doubtful /ˈdaʊtfəl/
adj. 可疑的;不确定的
🔊
troublesome /ˈtrʌbəlsəm/
adj. 麻烦的;令人烦恼的
🔊
incendiarism /ɪnˈsendɪərɪzəm/
n. 纵火;放火

尽管法语很想责怪罗斯托普钦的凶残,俄国人则想责怪恶棍波拿巴,或者后来把英雄的火把交到自己的人民手中,但不可能看不出,火并没有这样的直接原因,因为莫斯科必然会燃烧,就像每一个被主人遗弃、允许陌生人居住并煮他们的粥的村庄、工厂或房屋一样。莫斯科确实是被它的居民烧掉的,但那是那些遗弃它的人,而不是那些留在里面的人。莫斯科在被敌人占领后没有像柏林、维也纳和其他城市那样完好无损,仅仅是因为它的居民遗弃了它,没有用面包和盐欢迎法语,也没有把城门钥匙交给他们。

🔊
tempting /ˈtemptɪŋ/
adj. 诱人的
🔊
ferocity /fəˈrɒsəti/
n. 凶猛;残暴
🔊
scoundrel /ˈskaʊndrəl/
n. 恶棍;无赖
🔊
intact /ɪnˈtækt/
adj. 完好无损的
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。