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Book Nine: 1812 – Chapter sixteen (第十六章)

探索《战争与和平》第16章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

接到娜塔莎生病的消息后,伯爵夫人虽然自己尚未痊愈、身体虚弱,仍带着彼佳和其余家人前往莫斯科,全家从玛丽亚·德米特里耶夫娜家搬回自己宅邸,在城里住了下来。

🔊 Natáshas illness was so serious that, fortunately for her and for her parents, the consideration of all that had caused the illness, her conduct and the breaking off of her engagement, receded into the background. She was so ill that it was impossible for them to consider in how far she was to blame for what had happened. She could not eat or sleep, grew visibly thinner, coughed, and, as the doctors made them feel, was in danger. They could not think of anything but how to help her. Doctors came to see her singly and in consultation, talked much in French, German, and Latin, blamed one another, and prescribed a great variety of medicines for all the diseases known to them, but the simple idea never occurred to any of them that they could not know the disease Natásha was suffering from, as no disease suffered by a live man can be known, for every living person has his own peculiarities and always has his own peculiar, personal, novel, complicated disease, unknown to medicine-not a disease of the lungs, liver, skin, heart, nerves, and so on mentioned in medical books, but a disease consisting of one of the innumerable combinations of the maladies of those organs. This simple thought could not occur to the doctors (as it cannot occur to a wizard that he is unable to work his charms) because the business of their lives was to cure, and they received money for it and had spent the best years of their lives on that business. But, above all, that thought was kept out of their minds by the fact that they saw they were really useful, as in fact they were to the whole Rostóv family. Their usefulness did not depend on making the patient swallow substances for the most part harmful (the harm was scarcely perceptible, as they were given in small doses), but they were useful, necessary, and indispensable because they satisfied a mental need of the invalid and of those who loved her-and that is why there are, and always will be, pseudo-healers, wise women, homeopaths, and allopaths. They satisfied that eternal human need for hope of relief, for sympathy, and that something should be done, which is felt by those who are suffering. They satisfied the need seen in its most elementary form in a child, when it wants to have a place rubbed that has been hurt. A child knocks itself and runs at once to the arms of its mother or nurse to have the aching spot rubbed or kissed, and it feels better when this is done. The child cannot believe that the strongest and wisest of its people have no remedy for its pain, and the hope of relief and the expression of its mothers sympathy while she rubs the bump comforts it.

娜塔莎的病势如此沉重,所幸对她和她的父母而言,导致她生病的一切缘由--她的行为、婚约的解除--都退居次位了。她病得那么重,以至于根本无从追究她应对已发生之事负多大责任。她吃不下睡不着,人眼看着瘦下去,咳嗽不止,医生们让他们感到她已危在旦夕。除了如何救她,他们再也无暇他顾。医生们或单独或会诊前来探视,用法语、德语、拉丁语高谈阔论,彼此指责,为她开出了各种他们已知疾病的五花八门的药方。然而他们当中没有一个人想到一个简单的道理:他们不可能知道娜塔莎所患何病,因为活人所患的任何疾病都是无法确知的--每个活人都有自己的独特之处,永远患有自己特有的、个人的、新奇的、复杂的、医学上未知的疾病--不是医书上说的肺病、肝病、皮肤病、心脏病、神经病等等,而是由那些器官的无数种病症组合而成的一种疾病。这个简单的想法,医生们是想不到的(正如巫师想不到自己不会施法一样),因为治病救人是他们的事业,他们为此赚钱,也为此耗尽了生命中最宝贵的年华。但更重要的是,他们之所以想不起这个念头,是因为他们看到自己确实有用,就对整个罗斯托夫家而言也的确如此。他们的用处并不在于让病人吞下那些大多有害的物质(由于剂量小,危害几乎察觉不到),而是在于满足了病人及其亲人的精神需求--正因如此,世上才永远有那些假郎中、巫婆、顺势疗法医师和对抗疗法医师,而且只要人类存在,他们就永远会存在。他们满足了人类永恒的需求:对解脱的希望、对同情的渴望,以及受苦之人那种“必须做点什么”的冲动。这种需求在儿童身上表现得最为原始:孩子撞到了什么地方,立刻跑向母亲或保姆怀里,让她们揉揉或亲亲疼处,这样一弄就觉得好多了。孩子不相信最强大、最聪明的人会治不了它的疼痛,而母亲揉着肿包时带来的解脱希望和同情的表示,就能安慰它。

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consideration /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən/
n. 考虑;体谅
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fortunately /ˈfɔːrtʃənətli/
adv. 幸运地
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engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/
n. 订婚;约定
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receded /rɪˈsiːdɪd/
v. 后退;逐渐消失
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consultation /ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən/
n. 咨询;会诊
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prescribed /prɪˈskraɪbd/
v. 开(药方);规定
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variety /vəˈraɪəti/
n. 多样性;种类
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peculiarities /pɪˌkjuːliˈærətiz/
n. 特性;特点
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novel /ˈnɒvəl/
adj. 新颖的;新奇的
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complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/
adj. 复杂的
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unknown /ʌnˈnəʊn/
adj. 未知的
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innumerable /ɪˈnjuːmərəbəl/
adj. 无数的
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combinations /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
n. 组合
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maladies /ˈmælədiz/
n. 疾病(复数)
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organs /ˈɔːɡənz/
n. 器官
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indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/
adj. 不可或缺的
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pseudo-healers /ˈsjuːdəʊ-ˈhiːlɜːz/
n. 伪治疗者
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homeopaths /ˈhəʊmiəʊpæθs/
n. 顺势疗法医师
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allopaths /ˈæləpæθs/
n. 对抗疗法医师
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eternal /ɪˈtɜːnəl/
adj. 永恒的
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sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/
n. 同情;共情
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remedy /ˈremɪdi/
n. 补救方法;药物
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bump /bʌmp/
n. 肿块;肿包
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harmful /ˈhɑːmfəl/
adj. 有害的
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scarcely /ˈskeəsli/
adv. 几乎不
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perceptible /pəˈseptəbəl/
adj. 可察觉的
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doses /ˈdəʊsɪz/
n. 剂量(复数)
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invalid /ˈɪnvəlɪd/
n. 病人;体弱者
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wizard /ˈwɪzəd/
n. 巫师
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charms /tʃɑːmz/
n. 魅力;咒语
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usefulness /ˈjuːsfəlnəs/
n. 有用性
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mental /ˈmentl/
adj. 精神的;心理的
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elementary /ˌelɪˈmentri/
adj. 初级的;基本的

医生们对娜塔莎之所以有用,是因为他们亲吻并揉搓了她的肿包,向她保证只要让车夫去阿尔巴特街的药房花一卢布七十戈比买一盒漂亮的药粉和药丸,然后精确地每隔两小时(不多不少)用开水送服那些药粉,病很快就会好。

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assuring /əˈʃʊərɪŋ/
v. 向……保证;使确信
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coachman /ˈkəʊtʃmən/
n. 马车夫
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chemist /ˈkemɪst/
n. 药房;化学家
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intervals /ˈɪntəvəlz/
n. 间隔;间歇
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precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/
adv. 精确地;恰好
🔊 What would Sónya and the count and countess have done, how would they have looked, if nothing had been done, if there had not been those pills to give by the clock, the warm drinks, the chicken cutlets, and all the other details of life ordered by the doctors, the carrying out of which supplied an occupation and consolation to the family circle? How would the count have borne his dearly loved daughters illness had he not known that it was costing him a thousand rubles, and that he would not grudge thousands more to benefit her, or had he not known that if her illness continued he would not grudge yet other thousands and would take her abroad for consultations there, and had he not been able to explain the details of how Métivier and Feller had not understood the symptoms, but Frise had, and Múdrov had diagnosed them even better? What would the countess have done had she not been able sometimes to scold the invalid for not strictly obeying the doctors orders? “Youll never get well like that,” she would say, forgetting her grief in her vexation, “if you wont obey the doctor and take your medicine at the right time! You mustnt trifle with it, you know, or it may turn to pneumonia,” she would go on, deriving much comfort from the utterance of that foreign word, incomprehensible to others as well as to herself. What would Sónya have done without the glad consciousness that she had not undressed during the first three nights, in order to be ready to carry out all the doctors injunctions with precision, and that she still kept awake at night so as not to miss the proper time when the slightly harmful pills in the little gilt box had to be administered? Even to Natásha herself it was pleasant to see that so many sacrifices were being made for her sake, and to know that she had to take medicine at certain hours, though she declared that no medicine would cure her and that it was all nonsense. And it was even pleasant to be able to show, by disregarding the orders, that she did not believe in medical treatment and did not value her life.

倘若什么也不做--没有那些按时服用的药丸,没有热饮,没有鸡肉饼,没有医生安排的其他种种生活细节(执行这些细节为全家人提供了消遣和慰藉)--那么索尼娅、伯爵和伯爵夫人又该怎么办?他们的脸色又会是何等模样?倘若伯爵不知道为爱女的病已花了一千卢布,而且为了治好她他还会毫不吝惜地再花几千;倘若他不知道如果她的病持续下去,他还会再花几千送她出国去会诊,又不能讲述梅蒂维耶和费勒如何没看懂症状,而弗里泽看懂了,穆德罗夫诊断得甚至更准--他怎能承受得住心爱女儿的疾病?伯爵夫人倘若不能时而责备病人不严格遵守医嘱,她又该怎么办?她常说:“你这样永远好不了,”在烦恼中忘记了悲伤,“如果你不遵医嘱、按时吃药的话!你可不能不当回事,否则会转成肺炎的。”--她说出这个连自己也理解不了、别人也听不懂的外国词儿时,从中获得了极大的安慰。索尼娅倘若没有那种愉悦的意识--头三天她彻夜不眠以便精确执行医生所有的嘱咐,之后仍夜间保持清醒以免错过给小金盒里那些略有危害的药丸按时服用的时刻--她又该如何是好?就连娜塔莎本人,看到大家为她做出这么多牺牲,也知道自己必须在特定时间服药--尽管她宣称任何药都治不好她,这全是胡闹--心里也是高兴的。更让她愉快的是,她可以通过不遵医嘱来表明自己不相信药物治疗、不珍惜生命。

🔊
consolation /ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃən/
n. 安慰;慰藉
🔊
borne /bɔːn/
v. 忍受(bear的过去分词)
🔊
grudge /ɡrʌdʒ/
v. 吝啬;不愿给予
🔊
symptoms /ˈsɪmptəmz/
n. 症状
🔊
diagnosed /ˈdaɪəɡnəʊzd/
v. 诊断
🔊
vexation /vekˈseɪʃən/
n. 烦恼;恼怒
🔊
trifle /ˈtraɪfəl/
v. 轻视;玩弄
🔊
pneumonia /njuːˈməʊniə/
n. 肺炎
🔊
deriving /dɪˈraɪvɪŋ/
v. 得到;起源于
🔊
utterance /ˈʌtərəns/
n. 话语;表达
🔊
incomprehensible /ɪnˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbəl/
adj. 无法理解的
🔊
consciousness /ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/
n. 意识;觉悟
🔊
injunctions /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃənz/
n. 命令;嘱咐
🔊
precision /prɪˈsɪʒən/
n. 精确;精密
🔊
administered /ədˈmɪnɪstəd/
v. 管理;给予(药物)
🔊
sacrifices /ˈsækrɪfaɪsɪz/
n. 牺牲
🔊
declared /dɪˈkleəd/
v. 宣称;声明
🔊
disregarding /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/
v. 忽视;不顾
🔊
grief /ɡriːf/
n. 悲伤;悲痛
🔊
treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/
n. 治疗;对待
🔊
occupation /ˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
n. 消遣;职业
🔊
gilt /ɡɪlt/
adj. 镀金的

医生每天来,为她把脉,看她的舌头,并不顾她满面愁容地跟她开玩笑。但当他走进另一个房间,伯爵夫人匆匆跟进去时,他便换上一副严肃的表情,若有所思地摇摇头,说虽然还有危险,但他对最近这剂药的效果抱有些许希望,必须等等看,又说这病主要是精神上的,不过……伯爵夫人努力不让自己也不让他察觉,悄悄往他手里塞一枚金币,然后总是带着更平静的心情回到病人身边。

🔊
pulse /pʌls/
n. 脉搏
🔊
tongue /tʌŋ/
n. 舌头
🔊
regardless /rɪˈɡɑːrdləs/
adv. 不管;不顾
🔊
grief-stricken /ˈɡriːfˌstrɪkən/
adj. 悲痛欲绝的
🔊
hurriedly /ˈhʌrɪdli/
adv. 匆忙地
🔊
assumed /əˈsjuːmd/
v. 呈现;承担;假定
🔊
grave /ɡreɪv/
adj. 严肃的;严重的
🔊
thoughtfully /ˈθɔːtfəli/
adv. 沉思地;体贴地
🔊
malady /ˈmælədi/
n. 疾病
🔊
chiefly /ˈtʃiːfli/
adv. 主要地
🔊
conceal /kənˈsiːl/
v. 隐藏;隐瞒
🔊
slipped /slɪpt/
v. 悄悄放入;滑倒
🔊
tranquil /ˈtræŋkwɪl/
adj. 平静的;安宁的

娜塔莎的病症表现为:吃得少,睡得少,咳嗽,总是精神萎靡。医生说她离不开治疗,于是他们把她留在了城里让人窒闷的空气里,罗斯托夫一家在那个一八一二年夏天没有搬到乡下去。

🔊
low-spirited /ˈləʊˌspɪrɪtɪd/
adj. 情绪低落的;沮丧的
🔊
stifling /ˈstaɪflɪŋ/
adj. 令人窒息的;沉闷的
🔊
atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪər/
n. 气氛;大气
🔊 In spite of the many pills she swallowed and the drops and powders out of the little bottles and boxes of which Madame Schoss who was fond of such things made a large collection, and in spite of being deprived of the country life to which she was accustomed, youth prevailed. Natáshas grief began to be overlaid by the impressions of daily life, it ceased to press so painfully on her heart, it gradually faded into the past, and she began to recover physically.

尽管她吞下了许多药丸,以及从那些小瓶小盒里倒出的药水和药粉(肖斯太太酷爱此道,收集了一大堆),尽管她无法享受所习惯的乡村生活,青春的力量仍然占了上风。娜塔莎的忧伤开始被日常生活的印象所覆盖,不再那么痛苦地压迫她的心,逐渐淡入往事,她的身体也开始康复了。

🔊
swallowed /ˈswɒləʊd/
v. 吞咽(swallow的过去式)
🔊
drops /drɒps/
n. 滴剂;滴
🔊
powders /ˈpaʊdəz/
n. 粉末(复数)
🔊
bottles /ˈbɒtəlz/
n. 瓶子(复数)
🔊
boxes /ˈbɒksɪz/
n. 盒子(复数)
🔊
collection /kəˈlekʃən/
n. 收藏;收集
🔊
deprived /dɪˈpraɪvd/
v. 剥夺(deprive的过去分词)
🔊
accustomed /əˈkʌstəmd/
adj. 习惯的;通常的
🔊
prevailed /prɪˈveɪld/
v. 盛行;战胜(prevail的过去式)
🔊
overlaid /ˌəʊvəˈleɪd/
v. 覆盖;遮盖(overlay的过去分词)
🔊
impressions /ɪmˈpreʃənz/
n. 印象(复数)
🔊
ceased /siːst/
v. 停止(cease的过去式)
🔊
painfully /ˈpeɪnfəli/
adv. 痛苦地;费力地
🔊
faded /ˈfeɪdɪd/
v. 逐渐消失(fade的过去式)
🔊
recover /rɪˈkʌvər/
v. 恢复;康复
🔊
physically /ˈfɪzɪkli/
adv. 身体上;实际地
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。