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Book Eleven: 1812 – Chapter three (第三章)

探索《战争与和平》第3章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 When Ermólov, having been sent by Kutúzov to inspect the position, told the field marshal that it was impossible to fight there before Moscow and that they must retreat, Kutúzov looked at him in silence.

当库图佐夫派去视察阵地的叶尔莫洛夫向这位元帅报告说,在莫斯科城前不可能作战,必须撤退时,库图佐夫沉默地看着他。

🔊
inspect /ɪnˈspekt/
v. 检查,审视
🔊
field marshal /ˈfiːld ˈmɑːrʃəl/
n. 陆军元帅
🔊
impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/
adj. 不可能的
🔊
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/
v. 撤退,后退
🔊
silence /ˈsaɪləns/
n. 沉默,寂静
🔊
position /pəˈzɪʃən/
n. 位置,阵地

“把手给我,”他说着,翻过手来摸了摸脉搏,补充道:“你不舒服,我亲爱的伙计。想想你在说什么!”

🔊
pulse /pʌls/
n. 脉搏
🔊
fellow /ˈfeləʊ/
n. 家伙,同事
🔊 Kutúzov could not yet admit the possibility of retreating beyond Moscow without a battle.

库图佐夫尚不能承认不战而退过莫斯科的可能性。

🔊
admit /ədˈmɪt/
v. 承认,允许进入
🔊
possibility /ˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/
n. 可能性
🔊
retreating /rɪˈtriːtɪŋ/
v. 撤退(现在分词)
🔊
beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/
prep. 超出,在...之外
🔊
battle /ˈbætl/
n. 战斗,战役
🔊 On the Poklónny Hill, four miles from the Dorogomílov gate of Moscow, Kutúzov got out of his carriage and sat down on a bench by the roadside. A great crowd of generals gathered round him, and Count Rostopchín, who had come out from Moscow, joined them. This brilliant company separated into several groups who all discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the position, the state of the army, the plans suggested, the situation of Moscow, and military questions generally. Though they had not been summoned for the purpose, and though it was not so called, they all felt that this was really a council of war. The conversations all dealt with public questions. If anyone gave or asked for personal news, it was done in a whisper and they immediately reverted to general matters. No jokes, or laughter, or smiles even, were seen among all these men. They evidently all made an effort to hold themselves at the height the situation demanded. And all these groups, while talking among themselves, tried to keep near the commander in chief (whose bench formed the centre of the gathering) and to speak so that he might overhear them. The commander in chief listened to what was being said and sometimes asked them to repeat their remarks, but did not himself take part in the conversations or express any opinion. After hearing what was being said by one or other of these groups he generally turned away with an air of disappointment, as though they were not speaking of anything he wished to hear. Some discussed the position that had been chosen, criticising not the position itself so much as the mental capacity of those who had chosen it. Others argued that a mistake had been made earlier and that a battle should have been fought two days before. Others again spoke of the battle of Salamanca, which was described by Crosart, a newly arrived Frenchman in a Spanish uniform. (This Frenchman and one of the German princes serving with the Russian army were discussing the siege of Saragossa and considering the possibility of defending Moscow in a similar manner.) Count Rostopchín was telling a fourth group that he was prepared to die with the city train bands under the walls of the capital, but that he still could not help regretting having been left in ignorance of what was happening, and that had he known it sooner things would have been different... A fifth group, displaying the profundity of their strategic perceptions, discussed the direction the troops would now have to take. A sixth group was talking absolute nonsense. Kutúzov's expression grew more and more preoccupied and gloomy.

在距离莫斯科的多罗戈米洛夫门四英里的波克隆纳亚山上,库图佐夫下了马车,坐在路边的长凳上。一大群将军围拢过来,从莫斯科赶来的罗斯托普钦伯爵也加入了他们。这群才华横溢的将领分成几组,各自讨论着阵地的利弊、军队的状况、所提的计划、莫斯科的局势以及一般的军事问题。尽管他们并非为此被召集,也没有正式称呼,但所有人都觉得这实际上是一次军事会议。谈话内容全是公事。若有人谈及或打听私人消息,也是低声耳语,说完立即回到正题。这些人中间看不见玩笑、笑声,甚至连微笑都没有。显然,他们都在竭力让自己达到局势所要求的高度。所有这些小组在交谈时,都尽量靠近总司令(他的长凳成了聚会的中心),说话声音也让他能听到。总司令倾听着人们的谈论,有时会让他们重复一遍,但自己不参与讨论,也不发表意见。听完某个小组的发言后,他通常带着失望的神情转过身去,仿佛他们说的都不是他想听的东西。一些人讨论所选阵地,与其说批评阵地本身,不如说批评选择者智力不足。另一些人争辩说,早先就已经犯了错误,两天前就该打一仗。还有一些人谈到萨拉曼卡战役,那是一位新来的穿西班牙军服的法国人克洛萨讲述的。(这个法国人和一位在俄国军队中服役的德国亲王正在讨论萨拉戈萨围城战,考虑能否用类似方法防守莫斯科。)罗斯托普钦伯爵则在告诉第四组人,他准备率领城里的民团在首都城下战死,但他仍不禁遗憾自己一直对局势一无所知,若是早知如此,情况或许会不同……第五组展示了战略见解的深邃,讨论现在部队应该走哪个方向。第六组则在胡言乱语。库图佐夫的表情越来越专注而阴郁。

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carriage /ˈkærɪdʒ/
n. 马车
🔊
brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/
adj. 杰出的,明亮的
🔊
company /ˈkʌmpəni/
n. 公司,同伴,一群
🔊
separated /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/
v. 分开(过去式/过去分词)
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advantages /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒɪz/
n. 优势(复数)
🔊
disadvantages /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒɪz/
n. 劣势(复数)
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suggested /səˈdʒestɪd/
v. 建议(过去式/过去分词)
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situation /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/
n. 情况,形势
🔊
military /ˈmɪlɪtri/
adj. 军事的
🔊
summoned /ˈsʌmənd/
v. 召唤(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/
n. 目的
🔊
council /ˈkaʊnsəl/
n. 委员会,会议
🔊
conversations /ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃənz/
n. 谈话(复数)
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whisper /ˈwɪspər/
n. 耳语,低语
🔊
immediately /ɪˈmiːdiətli/
adv. 立刻,立即
🔊
reverted /rɪˈvɜːtɪd/
v. 回复,恢复(过去式)
🔊
evidently /ˈevɪdəntli/
adv. 明显地,显然
🔊
effort /ˈefət/
n. 努力
🔊
demanded /dɪˈmɑːndɪd/
v. 要求(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
overhear /ˌəʊvəˈhɪər/
v. 无意中听到
🔊
remarks /rɪˈmɑːrks/
n. 评论(复数)
🔊
opinion /əˈpɪnjən/
n. 意见,看法
🔊
disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/
n. 失望
🔊
criticising /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪzɪŋ/
v. 批评(现在分词)
🔊
mental /ˈmentl/
adj. 精神的,智力的
🔊
capacity /kəˈpæsɪti/
n. 能力,容量
🔊
argued /ˈɑːrgjuːd/
v. 争论(过去式)
🔊
described /dɪˈskraɪbd/
v. 描述(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
uniform /ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm/
n. 制服
🔊
siege /siːdʒ/
n. 围攻,包围
🔊
considering /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/
v. 考虑(现在分词)
🔊
defending /dɪˈfendɪŋ/
v. 防守(现在分词)
🔊
similar /ˈsɪmɪlər/
adj. 相似的
🔊
manner /ˈmænər/
n. 方式,举止
🔊
capital /ˈkæpɪtl/
n. 首都,资本
🔊
regretting /rɪˈɡretɪŋ/
v. 后悔(现在分词)
🔊
ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/
n. 无知
🔊
displaying /dɪˈspleɪɪŋ/
v. 展示(现在分词)
🔊
profundity /prəˈfʌndɪti/
n. 深奥,深刻
🔊
strategic /strəˈtiːdʒɪk/
adj. 战略的
🔊
perceptions /pərˈsepʃənz/
n. 感知,见解(复数)
🔊
troops /truːps/
n. 军队,部队(复数)
🔊
absolute /ˈæbsəluːt/
adj. 绝对的,完全的
🔊
nonsense /ˈnɒnsns/
n. 胡说,废话
🔊
expression /ɪkˈspreʃən/
n. 表情,表达
🔊
preoccupied /priːˈɒkjupaɪd/
adj. 心事重重的,全神贯注的
🔊
gloomy /ˈɡluːmi/
adj. 阴郁的,暗淡的
🔊
commander in chief /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/
n. 总司令
🔊
council of war /ˈkaʊnsəl əv wɔːr/
n. 军事会议
🔊
commander /kəˈmændər/
n. 指挥官
🔊
gathering /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/
n. 聚集,集会
🔊
newly /ˈnjuːli/
adv. 新近地
🔊
discussed /dɪˈskʌst/
v. 讨论(过去式)

从所有这些谈论中,他只看出一点:防守莫斯科在这些话的完整意义上是实际上不可能的,也就是说,绝对不可能,以至于即便有哪个愚蠢的指挥官下令交战,也只会造成混乱而根本打不起来。之所以打不起来,是因为各级指挥官不仅都承认阵地无法坚守,而且他们在谈话中讨论的只是阵地不可避免地被放弃后会发生什么。指挥官们怎么能把部队带到他们认为是无法坚守的战场上去呢?下级军官甚至士兵(他们也理性)同样认为阵地无法坚守,因此不能去打仗,因为他们深信必败。如果本尼格森坚持要防守阵地,而其他人还在讨论,那么问题本身已不重要,只是成了争吵与阴谋的借口。这一点库图佐夫非常清楚。

🔊
physical /ˈfɪzɪkəl/
adj. 物理的,身体的
🔊
impossibility /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/
n. 不可能(的事)
🔊
utterly /ˈʌtərli/
adv. 完全地,彻底地
🔊
senseless /ˈsenslɪs/
adj. 无意义的,愚蠢的
🔊
confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/
n. 混乱,困惑
🔊
merely /ˈmɪərli/
adv. 仅仅,只不过
🔊
recognised /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/
v. 认识到,承认(过去式/过去分词,英式)
🔊
inevitable /ɪˈnevɪtəbl/
adj. 不可避免的
🔊
abandonment /əˈbændənmənt/
n. 放弃,遗弃
🔊
lower-grade /ˈləʊər ɡreɪd/
adj. 低级别的
🔊
reason /ˈriːzən/
v. 推理,思考
🔊
convinced /kənˈvɪnst/
adj. 确信的,信服的
🔊
defeat /dɪˈfiːt/
n. 失败,击败
🔊
insisted /ɪnˈsɪstɪd/
v. 坚持(过去式)
🔊
pretext /ˈpriːtekst/
n. 借口,托词
🔊
disputes /dɪˈspjuːts/
n. 争论,争端(复数)
🔊
intrigue /ɪnˈtriːɡ/
n. 阴谋,密谋
🔊
officers /ˈɒfɪsəz/
n. 军官(复数)
🔊
commanders /kəˈmændəz/
n. 指挥官(复数)
🔊
considered /kənˈsɪdərd/
v. 考虑,认为(过去式/过去分词)
🔊 Bennigsen, who had chosen the position, warmly displayed his Russian patriotism (Kutúzov could not listen to this without wincing) by insisting that Moscow must be defended. His aim was as clear as daylight to Kutúzov: if the defence failed, to throw the blame on Kutúzov who had brought the army as far as the Sparrow Hills without giving battle; if it succeeded, to claim the success as his own; or if battle were not given, to clear himself of the crime of abandoning Moscow. But this intrigue did not now occupy the old man's mind. One terrible question absorbed him and to that question he heard no reply from anyone. The question for him now was: "Have I really allowed Napoleon to reach Moscow, and when did I do so? When was it decided? Can it have been yesterday when I ordered Plátov to retreat, or was it the evening before, when I had a nap and told Bennigsen to issue orders? Or was it earlier still?... When, when was this terrible affair decided? Moscow must be abandoned. The army must retreat and the order to do so must be given." To give that terrible order seemed to him equivalent to resigning the command of the army. And not only did he love power to which he was accustomed (the honours awarded to Prince Prozoróvski, under whom he had served in Turkey, galled him), but he was convinced that he was destined to save Russia and that that was why, against the Emperor's wish and by the will of the people, he had been chosen commander in chief. He was convinced that he alone could maintain command of the army in these difficult circumstances, and that in all the world he alone could encounter the invincible Napoleon without fear, and he was horrified at the thought of the order he had to issue. But something had to be decided, and these conversations around him which were assuming too free a character must be stopped.

选择阵地的本尼格森热烈地展示着他的俄国爱国主义(库图佐夫听此无法不皱眉),坚持认为必须保卫莫斯科。他的意图对库图佐夫来说如白昼般清楚:如果防御失败,就把责任推给率领军队一直抵达麻雀山却未交战的库图佐夫;如果成功,则把功劳归于自己;如果不交战,就洗清自己抛弃莫斯科的罪名。然而,这个阴谋现在并不占据老人的心思。一个可怕的问题吞噬着他,而他对这个问题没有从任何人那里听到答案。他如今的问题是:“我真的让拿破仑到了莫斯科吗?是什么时候做的决定?是昨天我命令普拉托夫撤退时,还是前天晚上我打了个盹然后让本尼格森下达命令时?还是更早?……这件可怕的事是什么时候决定的?莫斯科必须放弃。军队必须撤退,必须下达撤退命令。”下达那个可怕的命令,在他看来无异于辞去军队统帅职务。他不仅热爱他所习惯了的权力(他在土耳其服役时曾在其麾下的普罗佐罗夫斯基所受的荣誉使他感到屈辱),而且他相信自己肩负着拯救俄国的使命,正是因此,他才违抗皇帝的意愿、凭着人民的遗嘱被选为总司令。他确信,只有他能够在这艰难时刻统率军队,只有他在全世界能无所畏惧地面对不可战胜的拿破仑,而一想到自己必须下这道命令,他就感到恐惧。但事情必须决定,他周围这些越来越放肆的谈话也必须被制止。

🔊
patriotism /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/
n. 爱国主义
🔊
wincing /ˈwɪnsɪŋ/
v. 畏缩,皱眉(现在分词)
🔊
defence /dɪˈfens/
n. 防御,防守(英式)
🔊
blame /bleɪm/
n. 责任,责备
🔊
succeeded /səkˈsiːdɪd/
v. 成功(过去式)
🔊
claim /kleɪm/
v. 声称,要求
🔊
crime /kraɪm/
n. 罪行,犯罪
🔊
occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/
v. 占据,占用
🔊
absorbed /əbˈzɔːrbd/
v. 吸收,使全神贯注(过去式)
🔊
reply /rɪˈplaɪ/
n. 回答,答复
🔊
decided /dɪˈsaɪdɪd/
v. 决定(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
issue /ˈɪʃuː/
v. 发布,发出
🔊
equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/
adj. 等同的,相当的
🔊
resigning /rɪˈzaɪnɪŋ/
v. 辞职(现在分词)
🔊
command /kəˈmɑːnd/
n. 指挥,命令
🔊
accustomed /əˈkʌstəmd/
adj. 习惯的
🔊
honours /ˈɒnəz/
n. 荣誉(复数,英式)
🔊
awarded /əˈwɔːdɪd/
v. 授予(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
galled /ɡɔːld/
v. 使恼怒,使难堪(过去式)
🔊
destined /ˈdestɪnd/
adj. 命中注定的
🔊
maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/
v. 维持,保持
🔊
circumstances /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsɪz/
n. 环境,情况(复数)
🔊
encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntər/
v. 遭遇,遇到
🔊
invincible /ɪnˈvɪnsəbl/
adj. 无敌的,不可战胜的
🔊
horrified /ˈhɒrɪfaɪd/
adj. 惊骇的,恐惧的
🔊
assuming /əˈsjuːmɪŋ/
v. 假设,采用(现在分词)
🔊
character /ˈkærɪktər/
n. 性格,特征
🔊
insisting /ɪnˈsɪstɪŋ/
v. 坚持(现在分词)
🔊
abandoning /əˈbændənɪŋ/
v. 放弃(现在分词)
🔊
affair /əˈfeər/
n. 事务,事件
🔊
Emperor /ˈempərər/
n. 皇帝

他把最重要的将军们叫到身边。

“我的脑袋,不管好坏,都得靠它自己了,”他说着,从长椅上站起身来,骑马前往菲里,那里停着他的马车。

🔊
depend /dɪˈpend/
v. 依赖,取决于
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。