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Book I. Waterloo – Chapter five: The Quid Obscurum of Battles (第五章:战役的晦暗之处)

探索《悲惨世界》第5章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细IELTS词汇及解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读能力。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 Everyone is acquainted with the first phase of this battle; a beginning which was troubled, uncertain, hesitating, menacing to both armies, but still more so for the English than for the French. It had rained all night, the earth had been cut up by the downpour, the water had accumulated here and there in the hollows of the plain as if in casks; at some points the gear of the artillery carriages was buried up to the axles, the circingles of the horses were dripping with liquid mud. If the wheat and rye trampled down by this cohort of transports on the march had not filled in the ruts and strewn a litter beneath the wheels, all movement, particularly in the valleys, in the direction of Papelotte would have been impossible.

这场战役的第一阶段无人不晓;开局时双方都陷入混乱、犹疑和踟蹰,威胁着两军,但英军承受的恐吓尤甚于法军。大雨彻夜未歇,地面已被倾盆的雨水冲得千疮百孔,积水在平原的低洼处汇成片片水潭,仿佛天然的水桶;有些地方,炮车上的轮毂甚至没至车轴,战马的肚带滴淌着泥浆。若非这支运输队伍行进时踩倒的麦田和黑麦填平了车辙,并在车轮下铺了一层草垫,那么一切行动--尤其是在通往帕佩洛特方向的谷地--都将寸步难行。

🔊
acquainted /əˈkweɪntɪd/
adj. 熟悉的,了解的
🔊
phase /feɪz/
n. 阶段,时期
🔊
battle /ˈbætəl/
n. 战斗,战役
🔊
troubled /ˈtrʌbəld/
adj. 不安的,混乱的
🔊
uncertain /ʌnˈsɜːrtn/
adj. 不确定的
🔊
hesitating /ˈhezɪteɪtɪŋ/
adj. 犹豫不决的
🔊
menacing /ˈmenəsɪŋ/
adj. 威胁的,险恶的
🔊
armies /ˈɑːrmiz/
n. 军队(复数)
🔊
rained /reɪnd/
v. 下雨(过去式)
🔊
downpour /ˈdaʊnpɔːr/
n. 倾盆大雨
🔊
accumulated /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd/
v. 积累(过去式)
🔊
hollows /ˈhɑːloʊz/
n. 洼地,凹陷处(复数)
🔊
plain /pleɪn/
n. 平原
🔊
casks /kæsks/
n. 木桶(复数)
🔊
gear /ɡɪr/
n. 齿轮;装备
🔊
artillery /ɑːrˈtɪləri/
n. 火炮,炮兵
🔊
carriages /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/
n. 马车;车架(复数)
🔊
axles /ˈæksəlz/
n. 车轴(复数)
🔊
circingles /ˈsɜːrkɪŋɡlz/
n. 马肚带(复数)
🔊
dripping /ˈdrɪpɪŋ/
adj. 滴水的,湿漉漉的
🔊
liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/
adj. 液体的
🔊
mud /mʌd/
n. 泥,泥浆
🔊
wheat /wiːt/
n. 小麦
🔊
rye /raɪ/
n. 黑麦
🔊
trampled /ˈtræmpəld/
v. 踩踏(过去分词)
🔊
cohort /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/
n. 一队,一群(尤指士兵)
🔊
transports /trænˈspɔːrts/
n. 运输队(复数)
🔊
ruts /rʌts/
n. 车辙(复数)
🔊
strewn /struːn/
v. 撒满(过去分词)
🔊
litter /ˈlɪtər/
n. 杂物,碎屑
🔊
movement /ˈmuːvmənt/
n. 移动,运动
🔊
valleys /ˈvæliz/
n. 山谷(复数)
🔊 The affair began late. Napoleon, as we have already explained, was in the habit of keeping all his artillery well in hand, like a pistol, aiming it now at one point, now at another, of the battle; and it had been his wish to wait until the horse batteries could move and gallop freely. In order to do that it was necessary that the sun should come out and dry the soil. But the sun did not make its appearance. It was no longer the rendezvous of Austerlitz. When the first cannon was fired, the English general, Colville, looked at his watch, and noted that it was thirty-five minutes past eleven.

战事发动得晚了。正如我们先前所述,拿破仑惯于将全部炮兵牢牢掌控在手中,犹如握着一把手枪,时而瞄准战场的这一点,时而瞄准那一点;他一直等到骑兵炮兵能自由驰骋时才肯动手。为此,必须等太阳出来晒干地面。但太阳并未露面。这里已不再是奥斯特利茨的会合地。第一声炮响时,英军将领科尔维尔看了一眼手表,记下了时间:十一点三十五分。

🔊
affair /əˈfer/
n. 事件,事务
🔊
explained /ɪkˈspleɪnd/
v. 解释(过去分词)
🔊
habit /ˈhæbɪt/
n. 习惯
🔊
pistol /ˈpɪstəl/
n. 手枪
🔊
aiming /ˈeɪmɪŋ/
v. 瞄准(现在分词)
🔊
wish /wɪʃ/
n. 愿望
🔊
horse batteries /hɔːrs ˈbætəriz/
n. 骑兵炮队(复数)
🔊
gallop /ˈɡæləp/
v. 疾驰,飞奔
🔊
freely /ˈfriːli/
adv. 自由地
🔊
necessary /ˈnesəseri/
adj. 必要的
🔊
dry /draɪ/
v. 使干燥
🔊
soil /sɔɪl/
n. 土壤,土地
🔊
appearance /əˈpɪrəns/
n. 出现,外观
🔊
rendezvous /ˈrɑːndɪvuː/
n. 约会地点,会合点
🔊
cannon /ˈkænən/
n. 大炮
🔊
fired /ˈfaɪərd/
v. 发射(过去式)
🔊
general /ˈdʒenərəl/
n. 将军
🔊
noted /ˈnoʊtɪd/
v. 注意到(过去式)
🔊
thirty-five /ˈθɜːrti faɪv/
num. 三十五
🔊
minutes /ˈmɪnɪts/
n. 分钟(复数)
🔊
past /pæst/
prep. 超过……(时间)
🔊 The action was begun furiously, with more fury, perhaps, than the Emperor would have wished, by the left wing of the French resting on Hougomont. At the same time Napoleon attacked the centre by hurling Quiot's brigade on La Haie-Sainte, and Ney pushed forward the right wing of the French against the left wing of the English, which rested on Papelotte. The attack on Hougomont was something of a feint; the plan was to draw Wellington thither, and to make him swerve to the left. This plan would have succeeded if the four companies of the English guards and the brave Belgians of Perponcher's division had not held the position solidly, and Wellington, instead of massing his troops there, could confine himself to despatching thither, as reinforcements, only four more companies of guards and one battalion from Brunswick.

战斗开始得狂暴异常,或许比皇帝预期的更为猛烈--法军左翼倚仗乌古蒙发起进攻。与此同时,拿破仑命令吉奥旅猛攻圣拉埃,直插敌军中央;而内伊则推动法军右翼,压向依托帕佩洛特的英军左翼。对乌古蒙的进攻带有某种佯动性质:目的是将威灵顿吸引过去,迫使他向左偏移。若非英军近卫军的四个连和佩尔蓬谢师麾下英勇的比利时人坚守阵地,而威灵顿并未在此集结重兵,仅增派了四个近卫连和一个不伦瑞克营作为援军,这计策本已成功。

🔊
action /ˈækʃən/
n. 行动,战斗
🔊
begun /bɪˈɡʌn/
v. 开始(过去分词)
🔊
furiously /ˈfjʊriəsli/
adv. 猛烈地,愤怒地
🔊
fury /ˈfjʊri/
n. 愤怒,猛烈
🔊
Emperor /ˈempərər/
n. 皇帝
🔊
left wing /left wɪŋ/
n. 左翼(军事)
🔊
resting /ˈrestɪŋ/
v. 依靠,依托(现在分词)
🔊
Hougomont /ˈhuːɡəmɒnt/
n. 乌古蒙(地名)
🔊
attacked /əˈtækt/
v. 攻击(过去式)
🔊
centre /ˈsentər/
n. 中心(英式拼写)
🔊
hurling /ˈhɜːrlɪŋ/
v. 猛投,派遣(现在分词)
🔊
Quiot /ˈkjoʊ/
n. 吉奥(人名)
🔊
brigade /brɪˈɡeɪd/
n. 旅(军队编制)
🔊
La Haie-Sainte /lɑː eɪ seɪnt/
n. 圣拉埃(地名)
🔊
pushed forward /pʊʃt ˈfɔːrwərd/
v. 推进(过去式短语)
🔊
Ney /neɪ/
n. 内伊(人名)
🔊
right wing /raɪt wɪŋ/
n. 右翼(军事)
🔊
against /əˈɡenst/
prep. 对抗,反对
🔊
Papelotte /pæpəˈlɒt/
n. 帕佩洛特(地名)
🔊
feint /feɪnt/
n. 佯攻,假动作
🔊
plan /plæn/
n. 计划
🔊
draw /drɔː/
v. 吸引
🔊
thither /ˈðɪðər/
adv. 到那里(古语或正式用语)
🔊
swerve /swɜːrv/
v. 转向,偏离
🔊
succeeded /səkˈsiːdɪd/
v. 成功(过去式)
🔊
companies /ˈkʌmpəniz/
n. 连队(复数)
🔊
guards /ɡɑːrdz/
n. 近卫军(复数)
🔊
brave /breɪv/
adj. 勇敢的
🔊
Belgians /ˈbeldʒənz/
n. 比利时人(复数)
🔊
Perponcher /ˈpɜːrpɒnʃeɪ/
n. 佩尔蓬谢(人名)
🔊
division /dɪˈvɪʒən/
n. 师(军事编制)
🔊
held /held/
v. 坚守(过去式)
🔊
solidly /ˈsɑːlɪdli/
adv. 牢固地,稳固地
🔊
Wellington /ˈwelɪŋtən/
n. 威灵顿(公爵,人名)
🔊
massing /ˈmæsɪŋ/
v. 集结(现在分词)
🔊
troops /truːps/
n. 部队(复数)
🔊
confine /kənˈfaɪn/
v. 限制,局限于
🔊
despatching /dɪˈspætʃɪŋ/
v. 派遣(现在分词,英式拼写)
🔊
reinforcements /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/
n. 增援部队(复数)
🔊
battalion /bəˈtæljən/
n. 营(军队编制)
🔊
Brunswick /ˈbrʌnzwɪk/
n. 不伦瑞克(地名)

法军右翼对帕佩洛特的进攻,实际上旨在击垮英军左翼,切断通往布鲁塞尔的道路,阻挡可能到来的普鲁士人,抢占圣让山,迫使威灵顿退向乌古蒙,继而退向布赖讷拉勒,再退向阿尔;这简直易如反掌。除个别插曲外,这次进攻成功了。帕佩洛特被攻克;圣拉埃也被占领。

🔊
overthrow /ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ/
v. 用暴力或权力击败并取代
🔊
bar /bɑːr/
v. 阻止或阻塞
🔊
thence /ðens/
adv. 从那以后或从那里
🔊
exception /ɪkˈsepʃən/
n. 不包括在内的人或事物
🔊
incidents /ˈɪnsɪdənts/
n. 发生的事件,尤指不太重要或偶然的

有一个细节值得注意:英军步兵中,尤其是肯普特旅,充斥着大量新兵。这些年轻士兵在我方令人生畏的步兵面前毫不畏缩;他们凭着一股初生牛犊的莽撞勇决地摆脱困境,尤以散兵作战表现卓著--散兵战士一旦稍有余地,便宛如自行其是的将军。这些新兵展现出几分法兰西式的机敏与狂怒。这支步兵新手竟有冲劲。这令威灵顿感到不快。

🔊
valiant /ˈvæliənt/
adj. 勇敢的,英勇的
🔊
redoubtable /rɪˈdaʊtəbəl/
adj. 令人敬畏的,可怕的
🔊
inexperience /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪriəns/
n. 缺乏经验
🔊
extricated /ˈekstrɪkeɪtɪd/
v. 使摆脱,解救
🔊
intrepidly /ɪnˈtrepɪdli/
adv. 勇敢地,无畏地
🔊
dilemma /dɪˈlemə/
n. 两难的处境,进退两难
🔊
skirmishers /ˈskɜːrmɪʃərz/
n. 散兵,前哨部队
🔊
ingenuity /ˌɪndʒəˈnuːəti/
n. 独创性,聪明才智
🔊
novice /ˈnɒvɪs/
n. 新手,初学者
🔊
displeased /dɪˈspliːzd/
adj. 不高兴的,不满的

在拿下圣拉埃之后,战局开始摇摆不定。

这一天里,从正午到下午四点,存在一段晦暗不明的间隔;战役的中间阶段几乎轮廓模糊,浸淫在肉搏战的幽暗之中。昏暝笼罩其上。我们目睹那迷雾中巨大的动荡、令人晕眩的海市蜃楼--几乎已为今人所不知的战争装备:垂挂的熊皮高帽、飘荡的刀鞘、交叉的背带、榴弹兵的火药盒、骠骑兵的短披风、布满千百道褶皱的红靴、饰以螺旋流苏的沉重圆筒帽、几乎漆黑的不伦瑞克步兵与猩红的英格兰步兵混杂交织、英军士兵肩头用作肩章的巨大白色圆形护垫、头戴椭圆形皮盔、饰有铜质持手和红色马尾的汉诺威轻骑兵、裸露膝盖穿着方格呢裙的苏格兰人、我方掷弹兵雪白的高筒护腿;这些是画卷,而非战略线--萨尔瓦托·罗萨需要的是前者,而非格里博瓦尔所求的后者。

🔊
obscure /əbˈskjʊər/
adj. 模糊的,不清楚的
🔊
interval /ˈɪntərvəl/
n. 间隔,中场休息
🔊
indistinct /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt/
adj. 不清楚的,模糊的
🔊
sombreness /ˈsɒmbərnəs/
n. 阴沉,忧郁
🔊
twilight /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/
n. 黄昏,暮光
🔊
perceive /pərˈsiːv/
v. 察觉,感知
🔊
fluctuations /ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃənz/
n. 波动,起伏
🔊
mirage /mɪˈrɑːʒ/
n. 海市蜃楼,幻想
🔊
paraphernalia /ˌpærəfəˈneɪliə/
n. 装备,各种物品
🔊
strategic /strəˈtiːdʒɪk/
adj. 战略性的,有策略的
🔊 A certain amount of tempest is always mingled with a battle. Quid obscurum, quid divinum. Each historian traces, to some extent, the particular feature which pleases him amid this pell-mell. Whatever may be the combinations of the generals, the shock of armed masses has an incalculable ebb. During the action the plans of the two leaders enter into each other and become mutually thrown out of shape. Such a point of the field of battle devours more combatants than such another, just as more or less spongy soils soak up more or less quickly the water which is poured on them. It becomes necessary to pour out more soldiers than one would like; a series of expenditures which are the unforeseen. The line of battle waves and undulates like a thread, the trails of blood gush illogically, the fronts of the armies waver, the regiments form capes and gulfs as they enter and withdraw; all these reefs are continually moving in front of each other. Where the infantry stood the artillery arrives, the cavalry rushes in where the artillery was, the battalions are like smoke. There was something there; seek it. It has disappeared; the open spots change place, the sombre folds advance and retreat, a sort of wind from the sepulchre pushes forward, hurls back, distends, and disperses these tragic multitudes. What is a fray? An oscillation? The immobility of a mathematical plan expresses a minute, not a day. In order to depict a battle, there is required one of those powerful painters who have chaos in their brushes. Rembrandt is better than Vandermeulen; Vandermeulen, exact at noon, lies at three o'clock. Geometry is deceptive; the hurricane alone is trustworthy. That is what confers on Folard the right to contradict Polybius. Let us add, that there is a certain instant when the battle degenerates into a combat, becomes specialized, and disperses into innumerable detailed feats, which, to borrow the expression of Napoleon himself, "belong rather to the biography of the regiments than to the history of the army." The historian has, in this case, the evident right to sum up the whole. He cannot do more than seize the principal outlines of the struggle, and it is not given to any one narrator, however conscientious he may be, to fix, absolutely, the form of that horrible cloud which is called a battle.

一场风暴总是与战役相混杂。晦暗莫测,神圣难言。每位史家都在这一片狼藉中描摹着他所偏爱的特征。无论将领们如何运筹,武装人群的冲击总带着无法计算的潮汐。战斗中,两位统帅的计划相互渗透,彼此扭曲变形。战场的某一点吞噬的厮杀者比另一点更多,正如吸水性不同的土壤汲取泼洒之水有快慢之别。于是不得不倾注比预期更多的士兵;一系列无法预见的消耗。战线飘摇波动如丝线,血流毫无逻辑地喷涌,各军前沿摇摆不定,团级单位进退时形成海岬和海湾;所有暗礁在彼此面前不断移动。步卒所在之处,炮兵已至;骑兵冲入炮兵曾驻之地;营队如烟。那里曾有一物,寻觅它;它消失了。开阔处移位,幽暗的褶皱推进又退却,一股阴间的风推动、抛回、胀大、驱散这些悲惨的众生。混战是什么?一次摆动?数学方案的不动性表达的是分钟,而非一日。描绘一场战役,需要那种笔端蕴含混沌的伟大画家。伦勃朗胜过范德默伦;范德默伦在正午时精准,到三点钟便失真。几何学是骗人的;唯有飓风可信。正因如此,福拉德有权反驳波利比乌斯。此外还需补充,战斗的某一时刻会退化为搏杀,变得专门化,弥散为无数细部的壮举--借用拿破仑本人的说法--“与其说属于军团传记,毋宁说属于军队历史”。在此情况下,史家显然有权概括全貌。他最多只能抓住搏斗的主要轮廓,没有任何一个叙述者,无论多么严谨,能绝对固定住那团被称为战役的可怕云团的形态。

🔊
tempest /ˈtempɪst/
n. 暴风雨,骚动
🔊
historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/
n. 历史学家
🔊
particular /pərˈtɪkjələr/
adj. 特定的,尤其的
🔊
feature /ˈfiːtʃər/
n. 特征,特点
🔊
incalculable /ɪnˈkælkjələbəl/
adj. 不可估量的,巨大的
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ebb /eb/
n. 退潮,衰退
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devours /dɪˈvaʊərz/
v. 吞噬,吞没
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combatants /kəmˈbætənts/
n. 战斗人员,参战者
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unforeseen /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/
adj. 未预见到的,意外的
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undulates /ˈʌndjuleɪts/
v. 波动,起伏
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illogically /ɪˈlɒdʒɪkli/
adv. 不合逻辑地
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waver /ˈweɪvər/
v. 动摇,犹豫
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capes /keɪps/
n. 海角,岬
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gulfs /ɡʌlfs/
n. 海湾,鸿沟
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withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/
v. 撤退,退出
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cavalry /ˈkævəlri/
n. 骑兵
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battalions /bəˈtæliənz/
n. 营(军事单位)
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sombre /ˈsɒmbər/
adj. 阴沉的,忧郁的
🔊
sepulchre /ˈsepəlkər/
n. 坟墓,墓穴
🔊
disperses /dɪˈspɜːrsɪz/
v. 分散,驱散
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tragic /ˈtrædʒɪk/
adj. 悲剧的,悲惨的
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multitudes /ˈmʌltɪtjuːdz/
n. 众多,大量人群
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fray /freɪ/
n. 打架,争论
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oscillation /ˌɒsɪˈleɪʃən/
n. 摆动,振荡
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chaos /ˈkeɪɒs/
n. 混乱,混沌
🔊
deceptive /dɪˈseptɪv/
adj. 欺骗性的,不可靠的
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hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkeɪn/
n. 飓风
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trustworthy /ˈtrʌstwɜːrði/
adj. 可信赖的,可靠的
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contradict /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/
v. 反驳,与……矛盾
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degenerates /dɪˈdʒenəreɪts/
v. 退化,堕落
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innumerable /ɪˈnjuːmərəbəl/
adj. 无数的,数不清的
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feats /fiːts/
n. 功绩,技艺
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biography /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/
n. 传记
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evident /ˈevɪdənt/
adj. 明显的,显而易见的
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principal /ˈprɪnsəpəl/
adj. 主要的,首要的
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outlines /ˈaʊtlaɪnz/
n. 轮廓,概要
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narrator /nəˈreɪtər/
n. 叙述者,解说员
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conscientious /ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs/
adj. 尽责的,认真的

这一切对于所有大型武装冲突而言都成立,尤其适用于滑铁卢。尽管如此,在那天下午的某个时刻,战役到达了一个关键点。

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encounters /ɪnˈkaʊntərz/
n. 遭遇,相遇
🔊
applicable /əˈplɪkəbəl/
adj. 适用的,合适的
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。