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Book Eleven: 1812 – Chapter five (第五章)

探索《战争与和平》第5章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

就在那个紧要关头,当面临比不战而退更重大的局面--即弃守并焚毁莫斯科时,那位通常被描绘为此事件始作俑者的罗斯托普钦,其行事方式与库图佐夫截然不同。

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circumstances /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsɪz/
n. 情况,环境,境况
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retreating /rɪˈtriːtɪŋ/
v. 撤退,退却(retreat的现在分词)
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evacuation /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃən/
n. 疏散,撤离
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instigator /ˈɪnstɪɡeɪtər/
n. 煽动者,发起者
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altogether /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/
adv. 完全地,总而言之

在博罗季诺战役之后,弃守并焚毁莫斯科已不可避免,正如军队不战而撤出莫斯科一样。

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abandonment /əˈbændənmənt/
n. 放弃,抛弃
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inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/
adj. 不可避免的
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retreat /rɪˈtriːt/
n. 撤退,退却
🔊 Every Russian might have predicted it, not by reasoning but by the feeling implanted in each of us and in our fathers.

每一个俄国人或许都能预见到这一点,并非通过推理,而是凭借我们每个人以及父辈内心深处的感受。

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predicted /prɪˈdɪktɪd/
v. 预测(predict的过去式)
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reasoning /ˈriːzənɪŋ/
n. 推理,论证
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implanted /ɪmˈplæntɪd/
v. 植入,灌输(implant的过去式)

自斯摩棱斯克起,所有俄国土地上的城镇和村庄都发生了与莫斯科同样的情况,而罗斯托普钦伯爵及其传单并未参与其中。人们平静地等待着敌人,没有骚乱、激动或撕裂任何人,而是直面命运,内心感到有力量在最艰难的时刻找到该做的事。当敌人逼近时,富裕阶层弃下财产离开,而较穷的人留下并烧毁、摧毁了剩余的一切。

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participation /pɑːrˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/
n. 参与,参加
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broadsheets /ˈbrɔːdʃiːts/
n. 大幅单张报纸,宣传单
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unconcernedly /ˌʌnkənˈsɜːrnɪdli/
adv. 漠不关心地,不在乎地
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riot /ˈraɪət/
v. 骚乱,闹事
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fate /feɪt/
n. 命运,天命
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wealthy /ˈwelθi/
adj. 富有的,富裕的
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property /ˈprɑːpərti/
n. 财产,资产

这种现状将如此且永远如此的意识,存在于每个俄国人的心中。1812年,俄国的莫斯科上流社会也怀有这种意识,并预感莫斯科会被占领。那些早在七月和八月初就离开莫斯科的人,早已表露出这种预期。他们带走能带的东西,抛下房屋和半数家产--这样做是出于内隐的爱国主义,这种爱国主义不以豪言壮语或献祭子女以拯救祖国之类的矫饰之举来表达,而是低调、自然、有机地流露,因而总能产生最强大的结果。

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consciousness /ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/
n. 意识,知觉
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foreboding /fɔːrˈboʊdɪŋ/
n. 预感(尤指不祥的)
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quitted /ˈkwɪtɪd/
v. 离开,放弃(quit的过去式)
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latent /ˈleɪtənt/
adj. 潜在的,隐伏的
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patriotism /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/
n. 爱国主义,爱国精神
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unobtrusively /ˌʌnəbˈtruːsɪvli/
adv. 不引人注目地,低调地
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organically /ɔːrˈɡænɪkli/
adv. 有机地,自然地
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exploits /ɪkˈsplɔɪts/
n. 英勇事迹,功绩

“临阵脱逃是可耻的;只有懦夫才会逃离莫斯科,”人们被告知。在罗斯托普钦的传单中,他反复强调离开莫斯科是羞耻的。人们耻于被称为懦夫,耻于离开,但终究还是走了,因为他们知道非走不可。他们为什么走?不可能认为是罗斯托普钦用拿破仑在征服地施暴的恐怖描述吓倒了他们。最先离开的是富有的有教养阶层,他们深知维也纳和柏林完好无损,并且在拿破仑占领期间,居民们还能愉快地消磨时光,与俄国人--尤其是俄国女士们--当时非常喜欢的迷人法国人交往。

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disgraceful /dɪsˈɡreɪsfʊl/
adj. 可耻的,丢脸的
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cowards /ˈkaʊərdz/
n. 懦夫,胆小鬼(coward的复数)
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ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/
adj. 惭愧的,羞耻的
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horrors /ˈhɔːrərz/
n. 恐怖,令人恐惧的事物(horror的复数)
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conquered /ˈkɑːŋkərd/
v. 征服,攻克(conquer的过去式)
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intact /ɪnˈtækt/
adj. 完好无损的,完整的
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occupation /ˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃən/
n. 占领,占用;职业
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inhabitants /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/
n. 居民(inhabitant的复数)
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pleasantly /ˈplezəntli/
adv. 愉快地,令人愉快地
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charming /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/
adj. 迷人的,有魅力的
🔊 They went away because for Russians there could be no question as to whether things would go well or ill under French rule in Moscow. It was out of the question to be under French rule, it would be the worst thing that could happen. They went away even before the battle of Borodino and still more rapidly after it, despite Rostopchins calls to defend Moscow or the announcement of his intention to take the wonder-working icon of the Iberian Mother of God and go to fight, or of the balloons that were to destroy the French, and despite all the nonsense Rostopchin wrote in his broadsheets. They knew that it was for the army to fight, and that if it could not succeed it would not do to take young ladies and house serfs to the Three Hills quarter of Moscow to fight Napoleon, and that they must go away, sorry as they were to abandon their property to destruction. They went away without thinking of the tremendous significance of that immense and wealthy city being given over to destruction, for a great city with wooden buildings was certain when abandoned by its inhabitants to be burned. They went away each on his own account, and yet it was only in consequence of their going away that the momentous event was accomplished that will always remain the greatest glory of the Russian people. The lady who, afraid of being stopped by Count Rostopchins orders, had already in June moved with her Negroes and her women jesters from Moscow to her Saratov estate, with a vague consciousness that she was not Bonapartes servant, was really, simply, and truly carrying out the great work which saved Russia.

他们之所以离开,是因为对俄国人而言,在法国统治下的莫斯科是否安好,根本无需讨论。落在法国统治下是绝对不可接受的,那将是最糟糕的事。他们在博罗季诺战役之前就已经离开,而在战役之后离开得更快,尽管罗斯托普钦呼吁保卫莫斯科,尽管他宣布要携带灵验的伊比利亚圣母圣像去作战,尽管他提到要用气球摧毁法军,尽管他在传单里写了种种荒谬言论。他们知道打仗是军队的事,如果军队无法取胜,那也不能带着年轻小姐和家中的农奴到莫斯科的三山地区去抗击拿破仑,他们必须离开,尽管对抛下财产任其毁灭感到惋惜。他们离开时并未深思,这座宏伟富庶的城市被弃予毁灭具有何等重大的意义--因为一座木头建筑众多的伟大城市,一旦居民弃之而去,势必焚毁。他们各自离去,然而正是由于他们的离去,才促成了那件将永远成为俄国人民最伟大荣耀的重大事件。那位担心被罗斯托普钦伯爵的命令阻止,早在六月就带着她的黑奴和女丑角们从莫斯科搬到萨拉托夫庄园的女士,模糊地意识到自己并非波拿巴的奴仆--她其实质朴而真实地完成了拯救俄国的伟大事业。

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rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/
adv. 迅速地,快速地
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defend /dɪˈfend/
v. 保卫,辩护
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announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/
n. 公告,宣布
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intention /ɪnˈtenʃən/
n. 意图,目的
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wonder-working /ˈwʌndər ˌwɜːrkɪŋ/
adj. 创造奇迹的,神奇的
🔊
icon /ˈaɪkɑːn/
n. 图标,圣像,偶像
🔊
Iberian /aɪˈbɪriən/
adj. 伊比利亚的(指西班牙和葡萄牙)
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balloons /bəˈluːnz/
n. 气球(balloon的复数)
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nonsense /ˈnɑːnsens/
n. 胡说,废话
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serfs /sɜːrfs/
n. 农奴(serf的复数)
🔊
tremendous /trɪˈmendəs/
adj. 巨大的,惊人的
🔊
significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
n. 重要性,意义
🔊
immense /ɪˈmens/
adj. 极大的,巨大的
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momentous /moʊˈmentəs/
adj. 重大的,重要的
🔊
glory /ˈɡlɔːri/
n. 光荣,荣誉
🔊
vague /veɪɡ/
adj. 模糊的,不明确的
🔊
estate /ɪˈsteɪt/
n. 庄园,地产
🔊
jesters /ˈdʒestərz/
n. 小丑,弄臣(jester的复数)
🔊 But Count Rostopchin, who now taunted those who left Moscow and now had the government offices removed; now distributed quite useless weapons to the drunken rabble; now had processions displaying the icons, and now forbade Father Augustin to remove icons or the relics of saints; now seized all the private carts in Moscow and on one hundred and thirty-six of them removed the balloon that was being constructed by Leppich; now hinted that he would burn Moscow and related how he had set fire to his own house; now wrote a proclamation to the French solemnly upbraiding them for having destroyed his Orphanage; now claimed the glory of having hinted that he would burn Moscow and now repudiated the deed; now ordered the people to catch all spies and bring them to him, and now reproached them for doing so; now expelled all the French residents from Moscow, and now allowed Madame Aubert-Chalmé (the center of the whole French colony in Moscow) to remain, but ordered the venerable old postmaster Klyucharev to be arrested and exiled for no particular offense; now assembled the people at the Three Hills to fight the French and now, to get rid of them, handed over to them a man to be killed and himself drove away by a back gate; now declared that he would not survive the fall of Moscow, and now wrote French verses in albums concerning his share in the affair--this man did not understand the meaning of what was happening but merely wanted to do something himself that would astonish people, to perform some patriotically heroic feat; and like a child he made sport of the momentous, and unavoidable event--the abandonment and burning of Moscow--and tried with his puny hand now to speed and now to stay the enormous, popular tide that bore him along with it.

然而罗斯托普钦伯爵--他时而嘲讽那些离开莫斯科的人,时而又下令迁移政府机关;时而给喝醉的暴民分发毫无用处的武器,时而又组织圣像游行,时而又禁止奥古斯丁神父转移圣像或圣徒遗骸;时而征用莫斯科所有私人大车,用其中一百三十六辆运走莱皮希正在建造的气球,时而又暗示自己将焚毁莫斯科并讲述自己如何烧掉自家房屋;时而撰写布告向法国人义正词严地控诉他们毁了他的孤儿院,时而又将暗示过要焚毁莫斯科的功劳揽到自己身上,时而又否认这一行为;时而命令民众抓捕所有间谍送来,时而又责备他们这样做;时而将所有法国居民逐出莫斯科,时而又允许奥贝尔-沙尔梅夫人(整个莫斯科法国侨民圈的核心人物)留下,却下令逮捕并流放德高望重的老邮政局长克柳恰廖夫,而并无具体罪名;时而在三山集结民众抗击法军,时而又为了摆脱民众,将一个人交给他们杀死,自己从后门溜走;时而宣称自己不会在莫斯科陷落后苟活,时而又在纪念册上用法语写诗谈论自己在此事件中的角色--这个人并不理解正在发生之事的意义,只想做点惊天动地的事,好让自己显得英勇爱国;他像个孩子一样戏弄那重大而不可避免的事件--弃守并焚毁莫斯科--用他那微小的手时而加速、时而阻止那裹挟着他一同前行的巨大民众潮流。

🔊
taunted /ˈtɔːntɪd/
v. 嘲弄,奚落(taunt的过去式)
🔊
distributed /dɪˈstrɪbjuːtɪd/
v. 分发,分配(distribute的过去式)
🔊
weapons /ˈwepənz/
n. 武器(weapon的复数)
🔊
drunken /ˈdrʌŋkən/
adj. 喝醉的,酗酒的
🔊
rabble /ˈræbəl/
n. 乌合之众,暴民
🔊
processions /prəˈseʃənz/
n. 游行,队伍(procession的复数)
🔊
forbade /fərˈbæd/
v. 禁止(forbid的过去式)
🔊
relics /ˈrɛlɪks/
n. 遗迹,遗物(relic的复数)
🔊
saints /seɪnts/
n. 圣徒,圣人(saint的复数)
🔊
seized /siːzd/
v. 抓住,夺取(seize的过去式)
🔊
carts /kɑːrts/
n. 推车,马车(cart的复数)
🔊
constructed /kənˈstrʌktɪd/
v. 建造,构建(construct的过去式)
🔊
hinted /hɪntɪd/
v. 暗示,示意(hint的过去式)
🔊
proclamation /ˌprɑːkləˈmeɪʃən/
n. 宣言,公告
🔊
solemnly /ˈsɑːləmli/
adv. 庄严地,严肃地
🔊
upbraiding /ʌpˈbreɪdɪŋ/
v. 责备,训斥(upbraid的现在分词)
🔊
orphanage /ˈɔːrfənɪdʒ/
n. 孤儿院
🔊
repudiated /rɪˈpjuːdiˌeɪtɪd/
v. 否认,拒绝(repudiate的过去式)
🔊
deed /diːd/
n. 行为,契约
🔊
spies /spaɪz/
n. 间谍(spy的复数)
🔊
reproached /rɪˈproʊtʃt/
v. 责备,指责(reproach的过去式)
🔊
expelled /ɪkˈspeld/
v. 驱逐,开除(expel的过去式)
🔊
residents /ˈrezɪdənts/
n. 居民(resident的复数)
🔊
colony /ˈkɑːləni/
n. 殖民地,群体
🔊
venerable /ˈvenərəbəl/
adj. 令人尊敬的,古老的
🔊
postmaster /ˈpoʊstˌmæstər/
n. 邮政局长
🔊
arrested /əˈrestɪd/
v. 逮捕,阻止(arrest的过去式)
🔊
exiled /ˈeɡzaɪld/
v. 流放,放逐(exile的过去式)
🔊
offense /əˈfens/
n. 冒犯,违法行为
🔊
assembled /əˈsembəld/
v. 集合,装配(assemble的过去式)
🔊
survive /sərˈvaɪv/
v. 幸存,生存
🔊
verses /ˈvɜːrsɪz/
n. 诗句,诗节(verse的复数)
🔊
albums /ˈælbəmz/
n. 相册,专辑(album的复数)
🔊
concerning /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/
prep. 关于,涉及
🔊
affair /əˈfer/
n. 事务,事件
🔊
astonish /əˈstɑːnɪʃ/
v. 使惊讶
🔊
patriotically /ˌpeɪtriˈɑːtɪkli/
adv. 爱国地
🔊
heroic /hɪˈroʊɪk/
adj. 英雄的,英勇的
🔊
feat /fiːt/
n. 技艺,功绩
🔊
puny /ˈpjuːni/
adj. 弱小的,微不足道的
🔊
enormous /ɪˈnɔːrməs/
adj. 巨大的,庞大的
🔊
tide /taɪd/
n. 潮汐,趋势
🔊
bore /bɔːr/
v. 承受,携带(bear的过去式)
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。