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Book I. Waterloo – Chapter thirteen: The Catastrophe (第十三章:灾难)

探索《悲惨世界》第13章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细IELTS词汇及解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读能力。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 The rout behind the Guard was melancholy.

近卫军后方的溃败一片凄楚。

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rout /raʊt/
n. 溃败;溃散
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melancholy /ˈmelənkɒli/
adj. 忧郁的;悲伤的
🔊 The army yielded suddenly on all sides at once--Hougomont, La Haie-Sainte, Papelotte, Plancenoit. The cry "Treachery!" was followed by a cry of "Save yourselves who can!" An army which is disbanding is like a thaw. All yields, splits, cracks, floats, rolls, falls, jostles, hastens, is precipitated. The disintegration is unprecedented. Ney borrows a horse, leaps upon it, and without hat, cravat, or sword, places himself across the Brussels road, stopping both English and French. He strives to detain the army, he recalls it to its duty, he insults it, he clings to the rout. He is overwhelmed. The soldiers fly from him, shouting, "Long live Marshal Ney!" Two of Durutte's regiments go and come in affright as though tossed back and forth between the swords of the Uhlans and the fusillade of the brigades of Kempt, Best, Pack, and Rylandt; the worst of hand-to-hand conflicts is the defeat; friends kill each other in order to escape; squadrons and battalions break and disperse against each other, like the tremendous foam of battle. Lobau at one extremity, and Reille at the other, are drawn into the tide. In vain does Napoleon erect walls from what is left to him of his Guard; in vain does he expend in a last effort his last serviceable squadrons. Quiot retreats before Vivian, Kellermann before Vandeleur, Lobau before Bülow, Morand before Pirch, Domon and Subervic before Prince William of Prussia; Guyot, who led the Emperor's squadrons to the charge, falls beneath the feet of the English dragoons. Napoleon gallops past the line of fugitives, harangues, urges, threatens, entreats them. All the mouths which in the morning had shouted, "Long live the Emperor!" remain gaping; they hardly recognize him. The Prussian cavalry, newly arrived, dashes forwards, flies, hews, slashes, kills, exterminates. Horses lash out, the cannons flee; the soldiers of the artillery-train unharness the caissons and use the horses to make their escape; transports overturned, with all four wheels in the air, clog the road and occasion massacres. Men are crushed, trampled down, others walk over the dead and the living. Arms are lost. A dizzy multitude fills the roads, the paths, the bridges, the plains, the hills, the valleys, the woods, encumbered by this invasion of forty thousand men. Shouts despair, knapsacks and guns flung among the rye, passages forced at the point of the sword, no more comrades, no more officers, no more generals, an inexpressible terror. Zieten putting France to the sword at its leisure. Lions converted into goats. Such was the flight.

全军突然在四面八方同时败退--乌古蒙、圣拉埃、帕佩洛特、普朗斯努瓦。“叛变!”的呼喊之后紧接着“各自逃命吧!”的叫声。一支溃散的军队就像冰雪消融。一切都屈服、裂开、漂浮、翻滚、坠落、互相冲撞、仓促奔逃、骤然崩落。这种瓦解史无前例。内伊借了一匹马,一跃而上,没有帽子、领带、佩剑,横挡在布鲁塞尔大道上,同时挡住了英军和法军。他试图阻拦军队,唤起他们的责任感,辱骂他们,死死抓住溃败的洪流。他却被冲垮了。士兵们逃离他,高喊着“内伊元帅万岁!”。杜吕特的两个团惊恐地来回奔波,就像在枪骑兵的马刀与肯普特、贝斯特、帕克、赖兰特各旅的齐射之间被抛来抛去;败退中的白刃战最为惨烈;战友们为了逃命而互相残杀;骑兵中队和步兵营彼此撞散、瓦解,犹如战火翻腾的巨浪。洛博在一端,雷耶在另一端,都被卷入了洪流。拿破仑徒劳地用他余下的近卫军筑起壁垒;徒劳地动用他最后可用的骑兵中队作最后的努力。基奥特在维维安面前退缩,凯勒曼在范德勒面前退缩,洛博在比洛面前退缩,莫朗在皮尔希面前退缩,多蒙和苏贝维克在普鲁士的威廉亲王面前退缩;率领皇帝骑兵冲锋的居约,倒在英国龙骑兵的马蹄之下。拿破仑疾驰过逃兵的行列,对他们演讲、催促、威胁、恳求。那些在清晨高喊“皇帝万岁!”的嘴巴,此刻都张着,说不出话来;他们几乎认不出他了。普鲁士骑兵新近抵达,猛冲向前,飞驰、砍杀、劈斩、屠戮、消灭。战马尥蹶子,大炮逃跑;辎重队的士兵卸下弹药车,用马匹逃命;运输车倾覆,四轮朝天,堵塞道路,造成屠杀。人们被碾压、践踏,其他人踏过死者和生者。武器丢失了。眩晕的人群挤满了道路、小径、桥梁、平原、山丘、山谷、树林,被这四万人的入侵所阻塞。绝望的呼喊,背包和枪支被扔在黑麦田中,用剑锋强行开辟通道,没有了战友,没有了军官,没有了将军,一种无法形容的恐怖。齐滕从容地挥剑屠戮法军。狮子变成了山羊。这就是溃逃。

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precipitated /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪtɪd/
v. 加速;促使(发生)
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disintegration /dɪsˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃən/
n. 瓦解;分裂
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unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/
adj. 空前的;史无前例的
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fusillade /ˈfjuːzɪleɪd/
n. (枪炮的)连续射击;齐射
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squadrons /ˈskwɒdrənz/
n. (骑兵)中队;分队
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tremendous /trɪˈmendəs/
adj. 巨大的;极大的
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serviceable /ˈsɜːvɪsəbl/
adj. 可使用的;耐用的
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entreats /ɪnˈtriːts/
v. 恳求;乞求

在热纳普,人们曾试图掉头,摆出迎战阵型,列队。洛博聚集了三百人。村口被设了路障,但普鲁士的第一轮葡萄弹射击后,所有人再次逃散,洛博被俘。那轮葡萄弹的痕迹至今仍可见于进入热纳普前几分钟路程处,道路右侧一座砖砌建筑的古老山墙上。普鲁士人冲入热纳普,怒火中烧,无疑因为自己未能以更压倒性的姿态成为征服者。追击之势惊心动魄。布吕歇尔下令斩尽杀绝。罗盖曾树立过一个阴郁的榜样:他威胁要处死任何带给他一名普鲁士俘虏的法国掷弹兵。布吕歇尔超越了罗盖。青年近卫军将军迪埃姆在热纳普一家客栈门口被围困,向一名死神般的骠骑兵交出佩剑,那骠骑兵接过剑就杀了俘虏。胜利以对败者的刺杀而告终。既然我们是历史,就让我们施行惩罚吧:老布吕歇尔玷污了自己的名誉。这种残暴给灾难画上了句号。绝望的溃败穿过热纳普,穿过四臂村,穿过戈斯利,穿过弗拉讷,穿过沙勒罗瓦,穿过蒂安,直到边界才停下。哎呀!那么,是谁在这样奔逃?是大军。

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rallied /ˈrælid/
v. 重整旗鼓;集结
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barricaded /ˈbærɪkeɪdɪd/
v. 设置路障;阻塞
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volley /ˈvɒli/
n. (枪炮的)齐射;群发
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pursuit /pəˈsjuːt/
n. 追赶;追求
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stupendous /stjuːˈpendəs/
adj. 惊人的;巨大的
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extermination /ɪkˌstɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/
n. 灭绝;根除
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lugubrious /ləˈɡuːbriəs/
adj. 悲哀的;忧郁的(常含夸张意味)
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surrendered /səˈrendəd/
v. 投降;交出(武器等)

这种眩晕、这种恐惧、这种曾震惊历史的最高勇气的崩溃--难道是无缘无故的吗?不。一道巨大的力量之影笼罩着滑铁卢。这是命运之日。那种超越人类的力量造就了那一天。因此,那些额头才惊惧地皱起;因此,所有那些伟大的灵魂才交出佩剑。那些征服了欧洲的人匍匐在地,无话可说,无事可做,感受到一种可怕存在近在眼前的阴影。Hoc erat in fatis。那一天,人类的前景发生了改变。滑铁卢是19世纪的枢轴。伟人的消失,是伟大世纪到来的必要条件。某个无法回应的人,承担了责任。英雄的恐慌可以得到解释。在滑铁卢战役中,不仅有云,还有流星。上帝曾从此经过。

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vertigo /ˈvɜːtɪɡəʊ/
n. 眩晕;头晕
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downfall /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/
n. 垮台;衰落
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loftiest /ˈlɒftiɪst/
adj. 最高的;最崇高的(lofty的最高级)
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astounded /əˈstaʊndɪd/
adj. 震惊的;大吃一惊的
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causeless /ˈkɔːzləs/
adj. 无原因的;无端的
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enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/
adj. 巨大的;庞大的
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athwart /əˈθwɔːt/
prep. 横跨;与……相反
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destiny /ˈdestɪni/
n. 命运;天命

夜幕降临时,在热纳普附近的一块草地上,贝尔纳和贝特朗抓住他外套的下摆,拦住了一个憔悴、沉思、阴森、愁苦的人,他被溃败的洪流冲到此地,刚刚下马,将马缰绳搭在胳膊上,正用狂野的眼神独自返回滑铁卢。那是拿破仑,这个破碎梦境的巨大梦游者,再次试图向前迈进。

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nightfall /ˈnaɪtfɔːl/
n. 黄昏;日暮
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meadow /ˈmedəʊ/
n. 草地;牧场
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seized /siːzd/
v. 抓住;夺取
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detained /dɪˈteɪnd/
v. 扣留;拘留
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haggard /ˈhæɡəd/
adj. 憔悴的;疲惫的
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pensive /ˈpensɪv/
adj. 沉思的;忧郁的
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sinister /ˈsɪnɪstə/
adj. 邪恶的;不祥的
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gloomy /ˈɡluːmi/
adj. 阴郁的;沮丧的
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。