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Book Eleven: 1812 – Chapter twenty (第二十章)

探索《战争与和平》第20章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

与此同时,莫斯科已是空城。城里尚有些人,大约只剩原有居民的五十分之一,但这座城市已然空了。说它空,就像一只失去蜂王的蜂巢,虽未完全死去,却已了无生机。

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queenless /ˈkwiːnləs/
adj. 没有蜂王的
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inhabitants /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/
n. 居民
🔊 In a queenless hive no life is left though to a superficial glance it seems as much alive as other hives. The bees circle round a queenless hive in the hot beams of the midday sun as gaily as around the living hives; from a distance it smells of honey like the others, and bees fly in and out in the same way. But one has only to observe that hive to realize that there is no longer any life in it. The bees do not fly in the same way, the smell and the sound that meet the beekeeper are not the same. To the beekeepers tap on the wall of the sick hive, instead of the former instant unanimous humming of tens of thousands of bees with their abdomens threateningly compressed, and producing by the rapid vibration of their wings an aerial living sound, the only reply is a disconnected buzzing from different parts of the deserted hive. From the alighting board, instead of the former spirituous fragrant smell of honey and venom, and the warm whiffs of crowded life, comes an odor of emptiness and decay mingling with the smell of honey. There are no longer sentinels sounding the alarm with their abdomens raised, and ready to die in defense of the hive. There is no longer the measured quiet sound of throbbing activity, like the sound of boiling water, but diverse discordant sounds of disorder. In and out of the hive long black robber bees smeared with honey fly timidly and shiftily. They do not sting, but crawl away from danger. Formerly only bees laden with honey flew into the hive, and they flew out empty; now they fly out laden. The beekeeper opens the lower part of the hive and peers in. Instead of black, glossy bees tamed by toil, clinging to one anothers legs and drawing out the wax, with a ceaseless hum of labor-that used to hang in long clusters down to the floor of the hive, drowsy, shriveled bees crawl about separately in various directions on the floor and walls of the hive. Instead of a neatly glued floor, swept by the bees with the fanning of their wings, there is a floor littered with bits of wax, excrement, dying bees scarcely moving their legs, and dead ones that have not been cleared away.

失却蜂王的蜂巢,表面看去或许与其他蜂巢一样充满活力--在正午灼热的阳光下,工蜂们围着蜂巢欢快地飞旋,仿佛与有蜂王的蜂巢无异;远处闻来,也同其他蜂巢一样散发着蜜香;同样有蜜蜂飞进飞出。但只需稍加观察,就能发现这蜂巢里已无生命。蜜蜂的飞法不同,养蜂人感受到的气味和声音也不同。当养蜂人敲击病蜂巢的壁板时,再也听不到从前那成千上万只蜜蜂瞬间齐鸣的嗡嗡声--它们曾腹部紧缩,威胁性地振动双翼,发出一种充满活力的空中声响;如今,回应他的只是从废弃蜂巢各个角落传来的断断续续的嗡鸣。从起落板上,再也闻不到从前那掺杂着蜜香与毒液的芬芳、以及满巢拥挤生命带来的温热气息,取而代之的是一股空虚与腐朽的气味,交织着蜜香。再也看不到那些竖起腹部准备拉响警报、誓死保卫蜂巢的哨兵。再也听不到那如同沸水般均匀而平稳的忙碌声响,而是各种不协调的嘈杂与混乱。长而黑的盗蜂,浑身沾满蜂蜜,鬼鬼祟祟、畏畏缩缩地飞进飞出。它们不再蜇人,而是遇到危险就溜走。从前,只有满载蜂蜜的蜜蜂飞入蜂巢,空身飞出;如今,它们却是满载而出。养蜂人打开蜂巢下部,朝里窥探。从前,被劳作驯服的黑亮工蜂,紧紧抓住彼此的腿,拖着蜂蜡,在持续不断的劳动嗡鸣声中,垂挂在蜂箱底板上方,形成长长的蜂簇;如今,只见昏昏欲睡、干瘪的工蜂,在蜂巢的地板和墙壁上各自无精打采地四处爬动。从前,蜂巢的地板被蜜蜂用翅膀扇得干净整洁,还涂着粘合剂;如今,地板上堆满了蜂蜡碎片、排泄物、奄奄一息几乎无法动弹的蜜蜂,以及未被清理的死者。

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superficial /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃl/
adj. 表面的,肤浅的
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unanimous /juːˈnænɪməs/
adj. 一致的,全体同意的
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threateningly /ˈθretənɪŋli/
adv. 威胁地,恐吓地
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compressed /kəmˈprest/
v. (过去分词). 压缩的,压紧的
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vibration /vaɪˈbreɪʃn/
n. 振动,颤动
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aerial /ˈeəriəl/
adj. 空中的,航空的
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disconnected /ˌdɪskəˈnektɪd/
adj. 断开的,不连贯的
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spirituous /ˈspɪrɪtʃuəs/
adj. 含酒精的,酒精的
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fragrant /ˈfreɪɡrənt/
adj. 芬芳的,香的
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venom /ˈvenəm/
n. 毒液
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whiffs /wɪfs/
n. 一阵气味;少量
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mingling /ˈmɪŋɡlɪŋ/
v. (现在分词). 混合
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sentinels /ˈsentɪnlz/
n. 哨兵,守卫
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measured /ˈmeʒəd/
adj. 有节奏的,谨慎的
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throbbing /ˈθrɒbɪŋ/
adj. 跳动的,颤动的
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diverse /daɪˈvɜːrs/
adj. 不同的,多样化的
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discordant /dɪsˈkɔːrdənt/
adj. 不和谐的,刺耳的
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robber /ˈrɒbər/
n. 强盗,窃贼
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shiftily /ˈʃɪftɪli/
adv. 鬼鬼祟祟地
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laden /ˈleɪdn/
adj. 满载的,装满的
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ceaseless /ˈsiːsləs/
adj. 不停的,连续的
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shriveled /ˈʃrɪvld/
adj. 枯萎的,皱缩的
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excrement /ˈekskrɪmənt/
n. 排泄物,粪便
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beekeeper /ˈbiːkiːpər/
n. 养蜂人
🔊 The beekeeper opens the upper part of the hive and examines the super. Instead of serried rows of bees sealing up every gap in the combs and keeping the brood warm, he sees the skillful complex structures of the combs, but no longer in their former state of purity. All is neglected and foul. Black robber bees are swiftly and stealthily prowling about the combs, and the short home bees, shriveled and listless as if they were old, creep slowly about without trying to hinder the robbers, having lost all motive and all sense of life. Drones, bumblebees, wasps, and butterflies knock awkwardly against the walls of the hive in their flight. Here and there among the cells containing dead brood and honey an angry buzzing can sometimes be heard. Here and there a couple of bees, by force of habit and custom cleaning out the brood cells, with efforts beyond their strength laboriously drag away a dead bee or bumblebee without knowing why they do it. In another corner two old bees are languidly fighting, or cleaning themselves, or feeding one another, without themselves knowing whether they do it with friendly or hostile intent. In a third place a crowd of bees, crushing one another, attack some victim and fight and smother it, and the victim, enfeebled or killed, drops from above slowly and lightly as a feather, among the heap of corpses. The keeper opens the two center partitions to examine the brood cells. In place of the former close dark circles formed by thousands of bees sitting back to back and guarding the high mystery of generation, he sees hundreds of dull, listless, and sleepy shells of bees. They have almost all died unawares, sitting in the sanctuary they had guarded and which is now no more. They reek of decay and death. Only a few of them still move, rise, and feebly fly to settle on the enemys hand, lacking the spirit to die stinging him; the rest are dead and fall as lightly as fish scales. The beekeeper closes the hive, chalks a mark on it, and when he has time tears out its contents and burns it clean.

养蜂人打开蜂巢上部,查看蜂箱隔层。他看到的不是排列紧密、封住巢脾每处缝隙并温暖着幼虫的蜜蜂,而是精巧复杂的巢脾结构,但已不复往日的洁净。一切都荒废而污秽。黑色的盗蜂飞快而狡猾地在巢脾间潜行;而短小的家蜂,干瘪而萎靡,仿佛垂垂老矣,慢吞吞地爬动,毫无阻止盗蜂的意图,因为它们已失去一切动力和生命的意义。雄蜂、大黄蜂、黄蜂和蝴蝶,飞行时笨拙地撞在蜂巢壁上。在那些藏着死蛹和蜂蜜的巢房之间,偶尔能听到愤怒的嗡嗡声。偶尔会有一对蜜蜂,出于习惯和本能,清理着育虫巢房,用超出自己力量的努力,费力地拖走一只死蜜蜂或大黄蜂,却不知为何要这样做。在另一个角落,两只老蜂正有气无力地搏斗,或是清理自己,或是互相喂食,连它们自己也不知道是出于友谊还是敌意。在第三处,一群蜜蜂相互挤压着,攻击某个受害者,厮打并使其窒息,而受害的蜜蜂,要么衰弱,要么已经死去,像羽毛一样从上方缓缓轻盈地掉落,落在尸堆之中。养蜂人打开中间的两个隔板,检查育虫巢房。从前,成千上万只蜜蜂背靠背坐在一起,守护着生殖的高深秘密,形成紧密黑暗的圆圈;如今,他看到的只是几百只呆滞、萎靡、昏昏欲睡的蜜蜂躯壳。它们几乎都在不知不觉中死去,就坐在它们曾守护、如今已不复存在的圣殿里。它们散发着腐朽与死亡的气息。只有少数还在动,站起身来,虚弱地飞起,落在敌人的手上,却没有勇气蛰死对手;其余的都已死去,像鱼鳞一样轻轻落下。养蜂人关上蜂箱,在上面画个记号,等有空时再将里面的东西全部掏出,一把火烧干净。

🔊
super /ˈsuːpər/
n. 蜂箱的上层箱体
🔊
serried /ˈserid/
adj. 密集的,排列紧密的
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neglected /nɪˈɡlektɪd/
adj. 被忽视的,荒废的
🔊
foul /faʊl/
adj. 肮脏的,恶臭的
🔊
stealthily /ˈstelθɪli/
adv. 隐秘地,偷偷摸摸地
🔊
prowling /ˈpraʊlɪŋ/
v. (现在分词). 潜行,四处觅食(或搜寻)
🔊
listless /ˈlɪstləs/
adj. 无精打采的,倦怠的
🔊
hinder /ˈhɪndər/
v. 阻碍,妨碍
🔊
motive /ˈməʊtɪv/
n. 动机,目的
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drones /drəʊnz/
n. 雄蜂
🔊
bumblebees /ˈbʌmblbiːz/
n. 大黄蜂
🔊
awkwardly /ˈɔːkwədli/
adv. 笨拙地,尴尬地
🔊
laboriously /ləˈbɔːriəsli/
adv. 费力地,辛苦地
🔊
languidly /ˈlæŋɡwɪdli/
adv. 慵懒地,软弱无力地
🔊
hostile /ˈhɒstaɪl/
adj. 敌对的,不友好的
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intent /ɪnˈtent/
n. 意图,目的
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crushing /ˈkrʌʃɪŋ/
v. (现在分词). 挤压,压碎
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victim /ˈvɪktɪm/
n. 受害者,牺牲品
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smother /ˈsmʌðər/
v. 使窒息,扼杀
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enfeebled /ɪnˈfiːbld/
adj. 衰弱的,虚弱的
🔊
corpses /kɔːrpsɪz/
n. 尸体
🔊
partitions /pɑːrˈtɪʃnz/
n. 隔板,分区
🔊
unawares /ˌʌnəˈweərz/
adv. 不知不觉地,出其不意地
🔊
sanctuary /ˈsæŋktʃueri/
n. 圣所,避难所
🔊
reek /riːk/
v. 散发浓烈臭味
🔊
feebly /ˈfiːbli/
adv. 虚弱地,无力地

同样,当拿破仑疲惫、不安且阴郁,在卡梅尔·科列日斯基城墙前来回踱步,等待着他心目中必要--哪怕只是形式上符合礼仪--的使团到来时,莫斯科已是空城。

🔊
morose /məˈrəʊs/
adj. 阴郁的,闷闷不乐的
🔊
rampart /ˈræmpɑːrt/
n. 壁垒,防御土墙
🔊
observance /əbˈzɜːrvəns/
n. 遵守,仪式
🔊
proprieties /prəˈpraɪətiz/
n. 礼节,规矩
🔊
deputation /ˌdepjuˈteɪʃn/
n. 代表团

在莫斯科的各个角落,仍有一些人漫无目的地游荡,遵循着旧日习惯,几乎意识不到自己在做什么。

🔊
aimlessly /ˈeɪmləsli/
adv. 无目的地,漫无目的地

当有人谨慎地向拿破仑禀报莫斯科已空无一人时,他愤怒地瞪了报告者一眼,转过身去,一言不发地继续踱来踱去。

🔊
circumspection /ˌsɜːrkəmˈspekʃn/
n. 谨慎,小心
🔊
informant /ɪnˈfɔːrmənt/
n. 提供信息者,告密者
🔊 "My carriage!" he said.

“备车!”他说道。

他在值勤的副官身旁坐下,驱车驶入郊区。“莫斯科空了!”他自言自语,“多么不可思议的事件!”他没有进城,而是在多罗戈米洛夫郊外的一家客栈落脚。

🔊
aide-de-camp /ˌeɪd də ˈkɑ̃ː/
n. 副官
🔊
incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/
adj. 难以置信的,极好的
🔊 The coup de théâtre had not come off.

那出戏剧性的亮相,终究未能上演。

🔊
coup de théâtre /ˌkuː də teˈɑːtrə/
n. 戏剧性转折,轰动事件
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。