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Book I. Waterloo – Chapter three: The Eighteenth of June, 1815 (第三章:一八一五年六月十八日)

探索《悲惨世界》第3章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细IELTS词汇及解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读能力。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

让我们回溯时光--这是说书人的特权之一--再次置身于一八一五年,甚至比本书第一部所述情节发生的时代稍早一些。

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epoch /ˈiːpɒk/
n. 时代;纪元
🔊
narrated /nəˈreɪtɪd/
v. 叙述(过去式)

倘若一八一五年六月十七日至十八日的那一夜没有下雨,欧洲的命运或许就会截然不同。几滴雨水,多寡之间,便决定了 拿破仑 的覆灭。上天只需多一点雨水,便足以使 滑铁卢 成为 奥斯特利茨 的终局;一片不合时宜的乌云掠过天际,便足以令一个世界崩塌。

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downfall /ˈdaʊn.fɔːl/
n. 垮台;衰落
🔊
Providence /ˈprɒvɪdəns/
n. 天意;上帝
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traversing /trəˈvɜːsɪŋ/
v. 穿越(现在分词)
🔊
sufficed /səˈfaɪst/
v. 足够(过去式)
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crumble /ˈkrʌmbəl/
v. 崩塌;碎裂

滑铁卢 战役直到十一点半才得以打响,这给了 布吕歇尔 前来支援的时间。为何?因为地面湿滑。炮兵部队必须等待土地稍干变硬,方能展开机动。

🔊
artillery /ɑːˈtɪləri/
n. 炮兵;大炮
🔊
manoeuvre /məˈnuːvə/
v. 机动;操纵
🔊 Napoleon was an artillery officer, and felt the effects of this. The foundation of this wonderful captain was the man who, in the report to the Directory on Aboukir, said: "Such a one of our balls killed six men." All his plans of battle were arranged for projectiles. The key to his victory was to make the artillery converge on one point. He treated the strategy of the hostile general like a citadel, and made a breach in it. He overwhelmed the weak point with grapeshot; he joined and dissolved battles with cannon. There was something of the sharpshooter in his genius. To beat in squares, to pulverize regiments, to break lines, to crush and disperse masses--for him everything lay in this, to strike, strike, strike incessantly--and he entrusted this task to the cannonball. A redoubtable method, and one which, united with genius, rendered this gloomy athlete of the pugilism of war invincible for the space of fifteen years.

拿破仑 出身炮兵军官,对此深有体会。这位卓越统帅的根基,在于他在向 督政府 呈报阿布基尔战况时所说的那句话:“我方一发炮弹击毙了六名敌兵。”他的一切战役计划都围绕投射火力展开。克敌制胜的关键,在于让炮兵集中轰击一点。他将敌将的战术如同堡垒般对待,并从中轰开缺口。他用 葡萄弹 压制敌军的薄弱环节;他用炮火将战役聚拢又拆散。他的天才中带着几分神枪手的特质。击溃方阵、粉碎团营、撕裂战线、压垮并驱散集群--对他来说,一切尽在于此:不停地打击、打击、再打击--而他将此任务交给了炮弹。这是一种可畏的战法,与天才相结合,便使这位战争拳击场上阴郁的斗士在十五年间所向无敌。

🔊
projectiles /prəˈdʒektɪlz/
n. 抛射物(复数)
🔊
converge /kənˈvɜːdʒ/
v. 集中;会聚
🔊
strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/
n. 策略;战略
🔊
hostile /ˈhɒstaɪl/
adj. 敌对的
🔊
citadel /ˈsɪtədɛl/
n. 城堡;要塞
🔊
breach /briːtʃ/
n. 突破口;违反
🔊
overwhelmed /ˌəʊvəˈwɛlmd/
v. 压倒;淹没(过去分词)
🔊
grapeshot /ˈɡreɪpʃɒt/
n. 葡萄弹
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sharpshooter /ˈʃɑːpˌʃuːtə/
n. 神枪手
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genius /ˈdʒiːniəs/
n. 天才;天赋
🔊
pulverize /ˈpʌlvəraɪz/
v. 粉碎;摧毁
🔊
regiments /ˈredʒɪmənts/
n. 团(军队单位,复数)
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crush /krʌʃ/
v. 压碎;镇压
🔊
disperse /dɪˈspɜːs/
v. 分散;解散
🔊
incessantly /ɪnˈsesəntli/
adv. 不停地
🔊
entrusted /ɪnˈtrʌstɪd/
v. 委托(过去分词)
🔊
cannonball /ˈkænənbɔːl/
n. 炮弹
🔊
redoubtable /rɪˈdaʊtəbəl/
adj. 令人敬畏的;可怕的
🔊
method /ˈmeθəd/
n. 方法
🔊
rendered /ˈrɛndəd/
v. 使成为;提供(过去分词)
🔊
gloomy /ˈɡluːmi/
adj. 阴郁的;黯淡的
🔊
athlete /ˈæθliːt/
n. 运动员
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pugilism /ˈpjuːdʒɪlɪzəm/
n. 拳击
🔊
invincible /ɪnˈvɪnsəbəl/
adj. 无敌的

在一八一五年六月十八日这一天,他更加依赖自己的炮兵,因为他在数量上占优。 威灵顿 只有一百五十九门火炮,而 拿破仑 拥有二百四十门。

倘若土地干燥,炮兵能够机动,战斗本应在清晨六时打响。那么战役将在下午两点前便获胜并结束,比普鲁士人扭转战局的时刻早三个小时。

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capable /ˈkeɪpəbəl/
adj. 有能力的;能够的
🔊
battle /ˈbætəl/
n. 战役;战斗
🔊
fortune /ˈfɔːrtʃən/
n. 运气;财富
🔊 What amount of blame attaches to Napoleon for the loss of this battle? Is the shipwreck due to the pilot? Was it the evident physical decline of Napoleon that complicated this epoch by an inward diminution of force? Had the twenty years of war worn out the blade as it had worn the scabbard, the soul as well as the body? Did the veteran make himself disastrously felt in the leader? In a word, was this genius, as many historians of note have thought, suffering from an eclipse? Did he go into a frenzy in order to disguise his weakened powers from himself? Did he begin to waver under the delusion of a breath of adventure? Had he become--a grave matter in a general--unconscious of peril? Is there an age, in this class of material great men, who may be called the giants of action, when genius grows shortsighted? Old age has no hold on the geniuses of the ideal; for the Dantes and Michael Angelos to grow old is to grow in greatness; is it to grow less for the Hannibals and the Bonapartes? Had Napoleon lost the direct sense of victory? Had he reached the point where he could no longer recognize the reef, could no longer divine the snare, no longer discern the crumbling brink of abysses? Had he lost his power of scenting out catastrophes? He who had in former days known all the roads to triumph, and who, from the summit of his chariot of lightning, pointed them out with a sovereign finger, had he now reached that state of sinister amazement when he could lead his tumultuous legions harnessed to it, to the precipice? Was he seized at the age of forty-six with a supreme madness? Was that titanic charioteer of destiny no longer anything more than an immense daredevil?

对于这场战役的失利,拿破仑 应承担多少责任?这艘船的沉没是否归咎于舵手?是否是 拿破仑 显而易见的身体衰退,伴随着内在力量的衰减,从而让这个时代变得错综复杂?二十年的战争是否磨钝了剑刃,如同磨旧了剑鞘,也耗尽了灵魂与肉体?这位老兵是否在统帅身上留下了灾难性的印记?简而言之,这位天才是否如许多著名史家所认为的那样,正处于黯然失色的阶段?他是否因陷入狂热,而试图对自己掩饰衰退的力量?他是否在冒险之风的幻觉中开始动摇?他是否--这对于一位将军而言是严重的问题--对危险变得麻木不仁?在这一类可被称为行动巨人的物质伟人中,是否存在一个年纪,届时天才会变得目光短浅?衰老对理想主义的天才毫无影响;对于但丁和米开朗基罗而言,变老意味着变得更伟大;而对于汉尼拔和波拿巴来说,变老是否意味着变得渺小?拿破仑 是否失去了对胜利的直觉?他是否已经到了这样一种地步:再也认不出暗礁,再也识破不了陷阱,再也看不清深渊那崩裂的边缘?他是否丧失了嗅出灾祸的能力?他昔日熟知通往胜利的所有道路,并曾站在闪电般的战车之巅,用君临万物的手指指出那些道路;如今他是否陷入了那种阴森可怖的迷茫,以致可能将自己那喧嚣的军团--如同套在战车上的牲口--引向悬崖?他是否在四十六岁时被一种极致的疯狂所攫住?那位泰坦般的命运驭手,是否已不再是什么,而仅仅是一个胆大包天的狂徒?

🔊
attaches /əˈtætʃɪz/
v. 附上;认为有(第三人称单数)
🔊
shipwreck /ˈʃɪprek/
n. 海难;失事
🔊
pilot /ˈpaɪlət/
n. 飞行员;领航员
🔊
blade /bleɪd/
n. 刀片;剑刃
🔊
soul /səʊl/
n. 灵魂;精神
🔊
evident /ˈevɪdənt/
adj. 明显的
🔊
physical /ˈfɪzɪkəl/
adj. 身体的;物理的
🔊
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/
n. 衰退;下降
🔊
complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/
adj. 复杂的
🔊
inward /ˈɪnwəd/
adj. 内部的;向内的
🔊
diminution /ˌdɪmɪˈnjuːʃən/
n. 减少;缩小
🔊
scabbard /ˈskæbəd/
n. 剑鞘
🔊
veteran /ˈvɛtərən/
n. 老兵;老手
🔊
disastrously /dɪˈzɑːstrəsli/
adv. 灾难性地
🔊
historians /hɪˈstɔːriənz/
n. 历史学家(复数)
🔊
eclipse /ɪˈklɪps/
n. 日食;黯然失色
🔊
frenzy /ˈfrenzi/
n. 疯狂;狂乱
🔊
disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/
v. 伪装;掩饰
🔊
waver /ˈweɪvə/
v. 摇摆;犹豫
🔊
delusion /dɪˈluːʒən/
n. 妄想;错觉
🔊
unconscious /ʌnˈkɒnʃəs/
adj. 无意识的;失去知觉的
🔊
peril /ˈperɪl/
n. 危险
🔊
shortsighted /ˈʃɔːtˌsaɪtɪd/
adj. 近视的;短视的
🔊
ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/
n. 理想
🔊
reef /riːf/
n. 礁石
🔊
divine /dɪˈvaɪn/
v. 推测;看透
🔊
snare /sneər/
n. 陷阱
🔊
discern /dɪˈsɜːn/
v. 辨别;看出
🔊
crumbling /ˈkrʌmblɪŋ/
adj. 崩解的(现在分词)
🔊
brink /brɪŋk/
n. 边缘
🔊
abysses /əˈbɪsɪz/
n. 深渊(复数)
🔊
scenting /ˈsentɪŋ/
v. 嗅出(现在分词)
🔊
catastrophes /kəˈtæstrəfiz/
n. 灾难(复数)
🔊
giants /ˈdʒaɪənts/
n. 巨人(复数)
🔊
former /ˈfɔːmə/
adj. 以前的
🔊
summit /ˈsʌmɪt/
n. 顶峰;峰会
🔊
chariot /ˈtʃæriət/
n. 战车
🔊
lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/
n. 闪电
🔊
sovereign /ˈsɒvrɪn/
adj. 至高无上的;君主的
🔊
sinister /ˈsɪnɪstə/
adj. 邪恶的;不祥的
🔊
amazement /əˈmeɪzmənt/
n. 惊奇
🔊
tumultuous /tjuːˈmʌltʃuəs/
adj. 喧嚣的;混乱的
🔊
legions /ˈliːdʒənz/
n. 军团(复数)
🔊
harnessed /ˈhɑːnɪst/
v. 利用;驾驭(过去分词)
🔊
precipice /ˈpresɪpɪs/
n. 悬崖
🔊
supreme /suːˈpriːm/
adj. 最高的;极度的
🔊
madness /ˈmædnɪs/
n. 疯狂;愚蠢
🔊
titanic /taɪˈtænɪk/
adj. 巨大的;极大的
🔊
charioteer /ˌtʃæriəˈtɪər/
n. 战车驾驶者
🔊
destiny /ˈdestɪni/
n. 命运
🔊
immense /ɪˈmens/
adj. 巨大的
🔊
daredevil /ˈdeərdevɪl/
n. 鲁莽大胆的人
🔊
worn out /wɔːn aʊt/
adj. 精疲力竭的;破旧的
🔊 We do not think so.

我们并不这么认为。

他的作战计划,据所有人承认,是一部杰作。直捣联军战线的中心,在敌军中撕开一道口子,将其一分为二,将英军的一半驱向哈尔,将普鲁士军的一半驱向通厄伦,将 威灵顿 和 布吕歇尔 打成一盘散沙,攻占 圣让山,夺取 布鲁塞尔,把德意志人赶进 莱茵河,把英国人赶进大海。按照 拿破仑 的构想,这一切都包含在那场战役之中。至于以后的事,自然会见分晓。

🔊
confession /kənˈfeʃən/
n. 承认;忏悔
🔊
masterpiece /ˈmɑːstəpiːs/
n. 杰作
🔊
shattered /ˈʃætəd/
adj. 破碎的;震惊的
🔊
fragments /ˈfræɡmənts/
n. 碎片(复数)
🔊
hurl /hɜːl/
v. 猛投
🔊
afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/
adv. 之后
🔊
seize /siːz/
v. 夺取;抓住
🔊
contained /kənˈteɪnd/
v. 包含(过去分词)
🔊 Of course, we do not here pretend to furnish a history of the battle of Waterloo; one of the scenes of the foundation of the story which we are relating is connected with this battle, but this history is not our subject; this history, moreover, has been finished, and finished in a masterly manner, from one point of view by Napoleon, and from another point of view by a whole pleiad of historians.

当然,我们在此并非想提供一部 滑铁卢 战役史;我们正在叙述的这个故事,其舞台之一便与这场战役有关,但这段历史并非我们的主题;况且,这段历史已经由 拿破仑 从一个角度、由一群杰出的史家从另一个角度,以极为卓越的方式书写完毕了。

🔊
pretend /prɪˈtend/
v. 假装;声称
🔊
furnish /ˈfɜːnɪʃ/
v. 提供;布置
🔊
scenes /siːnz/
n. 场景(复数)
🔊
relating /rɪˈleɪtɪŋ/
v. 关联;叙述(现在分词)
🔊
connected /kəˈnektɪd/
adj. 有联系的
🔊
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
n. 主题;科目
🔊
moreover /mɔːrˈəʊvə/
adv. 此外
🔊
finished /ˈfɪnɪʃt/
adj. 完成的
🔊
masterly /ˈmɑːstəli/
adj. 精湛的;高超的
🔊
pleiad /ˈpliːæd/
n. 一群(才华横溢的人)
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。