🔊 The terrible spectacle of the battlefield covered with dead and wounded, together with the heaviness of his head and the news that some twenty generals he knew personally had been killed or wounded, and the consciousness of the impotence of his once mighty arm, produced an unexpected impression on Napoleon who usually liked to look at the killed and wounded, thereby, he considered, testing his strength of mind. This day the horrible appearance of the battlefield overcame that strength of mind which he thought constituted his merit and his greatness. He rode hurriedly from the battlefield and returned to the Shevárdino knoll, where he sat on his campstool, his sallow face swollen and heavy, his eyes dim, his nose red, and his voice hoarse, involuntarily listening, with downcast eyes, to the sounds of firing.

战场上布满死伤者的可怕景象,加上他沉重的头脑、有二十来位他认识的将军阵亡或受伤的消息,以及他意识到自己一度强健的手臂如今已软弱无力,对一向喜欢看死伤者、并以此检验自己精神力量的拿破仑产生了意想不到的影响。这天,战场的恐怖景象压倒了他自以为构成其功绩和伟大的那股精神力量。他急匆匆地离开战场,回到舍瓦尔季诺小丘,在那里坐到折叠凳上,他那蜡黄的脸庞肿胀而沉重,眼神暗淡,鼻子发红,声音嘶哑,垂下眼睛,不由自主地听着枪炮声。

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spectacle /ˈspektəkəl/

n. 奇观；景象➕

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impotence /ˈɪmpətəns/

n. 无力；虚弱➕

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consciousness /ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/

n. 意识；知觉➕

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mighty /ˈmaɪti/

adj. 强大的；巨大的➕

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overcame /ˌəʊvəˈkeɪm/

v. 克服；战胜（overcome的过去式）➕

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constituted /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːtɪd/

v. 构成；组成（constitute的过去分词）➕

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merit /ˈmerɪt/

n. 优点；功绩➕

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hurriedly /ˈhʌrɪdli/

adv. 匆忙地➕

🔊

sallow /ˈsæləʊ/

adj. 蜡黄的；病黄色的➕

🔊

swollen /ˈswəʊlən/

adj. 肿胀的➕

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dim /dɪm/

adj. 暗淡的；模糊的➕

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hoarse /hɔːrs/

adj. 嘶哑的➕

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involuntarily /ɪnˈvɒləntrəli/

adv. 不自觉地；不由自主地➕

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downcast /ˈdaʊnkɑːst/

adj. 低垂的；沮丧的➕

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unexpected /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/

adj. 意想不到的；意外的➕

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thereby /ˌðeəˈbaɪ/

adv. 因此；从而➕

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campstool /ˈkæmpstuːl/

n. 折叠凳（露营用）➕

🔊 With painful dejection he awaited the end of this action, in which he regarded himself as a participant and which he was unable to arrest. A personal, human feeling for a brief moment got the better of the artificial phantasm of life he had served so long. He felt in his own person the sufferings and death he had witnessed on the battlefield. The heaviness of his head and chest reminded him of the possibility of suffering and death for himself. At that moment he did not desire Moscow, or victory, or glory (what need had he for any more glory?). The one thing he wished for was rest, tranquillity, and freedom.

他怀着痛苦的沮丧等待着这场战斗的结束,在他看来自己也是参与者,却又无力阻止。一种个人的人性感情短暂地压制了他长期侍奉的虚伪生活幻象。他亲身感受到了他在战场上目睹的痛苦和死亡。头脑和胸口的沉重让他想到自己也可能遭受痛苦和死亡。那一刻,他不再渴望莫斯科、胜利或荣耀（他还要什么荣耀？）。他唯一的愿望是休息、安宁和自由。

🔊

dejection /dɪˈdʒekʃən/

n. 沮丧；失意➕

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arrest /əˈrest/

v. 阻止；逮捕➕

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artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/

adj. 人工的；虚假的➕

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phantasm /ˈfæntæzəm/

n. 幻影；幻觉➕

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witnessed /ˈwɪtnəst/

v. 目睹（witness的过去式）➕

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participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/

n. 参与者➕

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tranquillity /træŋˈkwɪləti/

n. 宁静；平静➕

🔊 But when he had been on the Semënovsk heights the artillery commander had proposed to him to bring several batteries of artillery up to those heights to strengthen the fire on the Russian troops crowded in front of Knyazkóvo. Napoleon had assented and had given orders that news should be brought to him of the effect those batteries produced.

但他来到谢苗诺夫斯科耶高地时,炮兵指挥官曾提议把几个炮兵连调到这里,以加强对聚集在克尼亚兹科沃前方的俄国军队的火力。拿破仑表示同意,并下令向他报告那些炮兵连的效果。

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proposed /prəˈpəʊzd/

v. 提议（propose的过去式）➕

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batteries /ˈbætəriz/

n. 炮兵连；电池（battery的复数）➕

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strengthen /ˈstreŋθən/

v. 加强；增强➕

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assented /əˈsentɪd/

v. 同意（assent的过去式）➕

🔊 An adjutant came now to inform him that the fire of two hundred guns had been concentrated on the Russians, as he had ordered, but that they still held their ground.

一名副官前来报告说,按照他的命令,两百门大炮的火力已集中射向俄军,但他们仍然坚守阵地。

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adjutant /ˈædʒʊtənt/

n. 副官；助手➕

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concentrated /ˈkɒnsəntreɪtɪd/

v. 集中（concentrate的过去分词）➕

🔊 "Our fire is mowing them down by rows, but still they hold on," said the adjutant.

“我们的火力成排地扫倒他们,但他们还挺得住。”副官说道。

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mowing /ˈməʊɪŋ/

v. 割草；扫荡（mow的现在分词）➕

🔊 "They want more!..." said Napoleon in a hoarse voice.

“他们还要更多！……”拿破仑用沙哑的声音说道。

🔊 "Sire?" asked the adjutant who had not heard the remark.

“陛下？”没听清这句话的副官问道。

🔊

Sire /saɪər/

n. 陛下（对国王的尊称）➕

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remark /rɪˈmɑːk/

n. 言论；评论➕

🔊 "They want more!" croaked Napoleon frowning. "Let them have it!"

“他们还要更多！”拿破仑皱着眉头沙哑地说,“那就给他们！”

🔊

croaked /krəʊkt/

v. 用嘶哑的声音说（croak的过去式）➕

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frowning /ˈfraʊnɪŋ/

v. 皱眉（frown的现在分词）➕

🔊 Even before he gave that order the thing he did not desire, and for which he gave the order only because he thought it was expected of him, was being done. And he fell back into that artificial realm of imaginary greatness, and again--as a horse walking a treadmill thinks it is doing something for himself--he submissively fulfilled the cruel, sad, gloomy, and inhuman role predestined for him.

即使在他下达这道命令之前,他所不希望的事情,而他之所以下命令仅仅因为他认为别人期望他这样做,就已经在进行了。于是他重新陷入那个虚幻的伟大王国,像一匹踩着踏车却以为自己是在为自己做事的马一样,顺从地履行着为他预先安排好的残酷、悲伤、阴郁而无人性的角色。

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realm /relm/

n. 领域；王国➕

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imaginary /ɪˈmædʒɪnəri/

adj. 虚构的；想象的➕

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treadmill /ˈtredmɪl/

n. 跑步机；单调繁重的工作➕

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submissively /səbˈmɪsɪvli/

adv. 顺从地➕

🔊

fulfilled /fʊlˈfɪld/

v. 履行；实现（fulfill的过去分词）➕

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gloomy /ˈɡluːmi/

adj. 阴郁的；令人沮丧的➕

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inhuman /ɪnˈhjuːmən/

adj. 不人道的；非人的➕

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predestined /priːˈdestɪnd/

adj. 注定的；预先决定的➕

🔊 And not for that day and hour alone were the mind and conscience darkened of this man on whom the responsibility for what was happening lay more than on all the others who took part in it. Never to the end of his life could he understand goodness, beauty, or truth, or the significance of his actions which were too contrary to goodness and truth, too remote from everything human, for him ever to be able to grasp their meaning. He could not disavow his actions, belauded as they were by half the world, and so he had to repudiate truth, goodness, and all humanity.

不仅仅是在那一天那一刻,这个比所有其他参与者都更该对发生的事负责的人,其思想和良心陷入了黑暗。他一生至死都无法理解善良、美好、真理,也无法理解自己那些与善良和真理截然相反、远离一切人性的行为的意义。他无法否定自己的行为--这些行为受到半个世界的赞颂--因此他不得不摒弃真理、善良和所有人性。

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conscience /ˈkɒnʃəns/

n. 良心；良知➕

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responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/

n. 责任➕

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significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

n. 重要性；意义➕

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contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/

adj. 相反的；对立的➕

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remote /rɪˈməʊt/

adj. 遥远的；偏僻的➕

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grasp /ɡrɑːsp/

v. 理解；抓住➕

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disavow /ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ/

v. 否认；拒绝承认➕

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belauded /bɪˈlɔːdɪd/

v. 被赞扬（belaud的过去分词）➕

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repudiate /rɪˈpjuːdieɪt/

v. 拒绝；否认➕

🔊

humanity /hjuːˈmænəti/

n. 人性；人类➕

🔊 Not only on that day, as he rode over the battlefield strewn with men killed and maimed (by his will as he believed), did he reckon as he looked at them how many Russians there were for each Frenchman and, deceiving himself, find reason for rejoicing in the calculation that there were five Russians for every Frenchman.

不仅仅在那一天,当他骑马穿过布满死伤者的战场（他认为是依他的意志所致）时,他一边看着他们,一边计算着每个法国人对应多少个俄国人,并自我欺骗,从每五个俄国人对一个法国人的计算中找到理由来庆幸。

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strewn /struːn/

v. 散落（strew的过去分词）➕

🔊

maimed /meɪmd/

adj. 残废的；受伤致残的➕

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reckon /ˈrekən/

v. 认为；估计➕

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deceiving /dɪˈsiːvɪŋ/

v. 欺骗（deceive的现在分词）➕

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rejoicing /rɪˈdʒɔɪsɪŋ/

n. 喜悦；庆祝➕

🔊

calculation /ˌkælkjʊˈleɪʃən/

n. 计算；推算➕

🔊 Not on that day alone did he write in a letter to Paris that "the battle field was superb," because fifty thousand corpses lay there, but even on the island of St. Helena in the peaceful solitude where he said he intended to devote his leisure to an account of the great deeds he had done, he wrote:

不仅仅在那一天,他写信到巴黎说“战场景色壮观”,因为那里躺着五万具尸体；即使在圣赫勒拿岛的宁静独居中,他宣称要用闲暇时间记述自己完成的伟业时,他写道:

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superb /suːˈpɜːb/

adj. 极好的；壮丽的➕

🔊

corpses /kɔːpsɪz/

n. 尸体（corpse的复数）➕

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solitude /ˈsɒlɪtjuːd/

n. 孤独；独处➕

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intended /ɪnˈtendɪd/

v. 打算（intend的过去式）➕

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devote /dɪˈvəʊt/

v. 奉献；致力于➕

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leisure /ˈleʒər/

n. 闲暇；空闲➕

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deeds /diːdz/

n. 行为；功绩（deed的复数）➕

🔊 The Russian war should have been the most popular war of modern times: it was a war of good sense, for real interests, for the tranquillity and security of all; it was purely pacific and conservative. It was a war for a great cause, the end of uncertainties and the beginning of security. A new horizon and new labors were opening out, full of well-being and prosperity for all. The European system was already founded; all that remained was to organize it. Satisfied on these great points and with tranquillity everywhere, I too should have had my Congress and my Holy Alliance. Those ideas were stolen from me. In that reunion of great sovereigns we should have discussed our interests like one family, and have rendered account to the peoples as clerk to master. Europe would in this way soon have been, in fact, but one people, and anyone who traveled anywhere would have found himself always in the common fatherland. I should have demanded the freedom of all navigable rivers for everybody, that the seas should be common to all, and that the great standing armies should be reduced henceforth to mere guards for the sovereigns. On returning to France, to the bosom of the great, strong, magnificent, peaceful, and glorious fatherland, I should have proclaimed her frontiers immutable; all future wars purely defensive, all aggrandizement antinational. I should have associated my son in the Empire; my dictatorship would have been finished, and his constitutional reign would have begun.

对俄战争本该是现代最得人心的战争:那是一场理智的战争,为了真正的利益,为了所有人的安宁与安全；它纯粹是和平的、保守的。那是为伟大事业而战的战争,是终结不确定、开启安全的战争。一个新的地平线和新的劳作正在展开,充满福祉与繁荣。欧洲体系已经奠定；剩下的只是组织它。在这些重大问题上得到满足,各地皆安宁,那么我也应该拥有我的代表大会/和会和我的神圣同盟。那些想法被人从我这里偷走了。在那伟大的君主聚会上,我们本应像一家人一样讨论我们的利益,像掌柜对东家那样向人民报告。这样,欧洲很快就会实际上成为一个民族,任何人去任何地方都会发现自己总是在共同的祖国。我本应要求所有可通航的河流对所有人自由开放,海洋应为所有人共有,庞大的常备军从今以后应缩减为仅仅君主的护卫。回到法国,回到伟大、强大、辉煌、和平而光荣的祖国怀抱,我本应宣布她的边界不可改变；所有的未来战争纯属防御性,所有的扩张均为反民族。我本应让我的儿子参与帝国事务；我的独裁将结束,他的宪政统治将开始。

🔊

security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/

n. 安全；保障➕

🔊

pacific /pəˈsɪfɪk/

adj. 和平的；爱好和平的➕

🔊

conservative /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/

adj. 保守的；守旧的➕

🔊

uncertainties /ʌnˈsɜːtntiz/

n. 不确定性（uncertainty的复数）➕

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horizon /həˈraɪzn/

n. 地平线；视野➕

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labors /ˈleɪbərz/

n. 劳动；工作（labor的复数）➕

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well-being /ˌwel ˈbiːɪŋ/

n. 福祉；健康幸福➕

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prosperity /prɒsˈperəti/

n. 繁荣；兴旺➕

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reunion /ˌriːˈjuːnjən/

n. 重聚；聚会➕

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sovereigns /ˈsɒvrɪnz/

n. 君主；元首（sovereign的复数）➕

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rendered /ˈrendərd/

v. 提供；给予（render的过去分词）➕

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peoples /ˈpiːpəlz/

n. 民族（people的复数,指不同民族）➕

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fatherland /ˈfɑːðərlænd/

n. 祖国➕

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navigable /ˈnævɪɡəbl/

adj. 可航行的；可通航的➕

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henceforth /ˌhensˈfɔːθ/

adv. 从此以后➕

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bosom /ˈbʊzəm/

n. 怀抱；胸部➕

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magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfɪsənt/

adj. 壮丽的；宏伟的➕

🔊

proclaimed /prəˈkleɪmd/

v. 宣布；声明（proclaim的过去分词）➕

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frontiers /ˈfrʌntɪərz/

n. 边境；边界（frontier的复数）➕

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immutable /ɪˈmjuːtəbl/

adj. 不可改变的；永恒的➕

🔊

defensive /dɪˈfensɪv/

adj. 防御的；自卫的➕

🔊

aggrandizement /əˈɡrændɪzmənt/

n. 扩张；增大（尤指权力）➕

🔊

antinational /ˌæntiˈnæʃnəl/

adj. 反民族的；违背国家利益的➕

🔊

dictatorship /dɪkˈteɪtərʃɪp/

n. 独裁；独裁统治➕

🔊

constitutional /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənl/

adj. 宪法的；立宪的➕

🔊

reign /reɪn/

n. 统治时期；君主统治➕

🔊 Paris would have been the capital of the world, and the French the envy of the nations! My leisure then, and my old age, would have been devoted, in company with the Empress and during the royal apprenticeship of my son, to leisurely visiting, with our own horses and like a true country couple, every corner of the Empire, receiving complaints, redressing wrongs, and scattering public buildings and benefactions on all sides and everywhere.

巴黎将成为世界的首都,法语将成为各国艳羡的语言！我的闲暇与晚年,将连同女皇一起,在我儿子学习治国期间,像真正乡间夫妇那样乘着自己的马匹,悠闲地走访帝国的每个角落,接受投诉,纠正错误,到处撒播公共建筑和善举。

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envy /ˈenvi/

n. 嫉妒；羡慕➕

🔊

apprenticeship /əˈprentɪʃɪp/

n. 学徒期；学徒身份➕

🔊

complaints /kəmˈpleɪnts/

n. 抱怨；投诉（complaint的复数）➕

🔊

redressing /rɪˈdresɪŋ/

v. 纠正；补救（redress的现在分词）➕

🔊

wrongs /rɒŋz/

n. 不公正；冤屈（wrong的复数）➕

🔊

scattering /ˈskætərɪŋ/

v. 散布；撒（scatter的现在分词）➕

🔊

benefactions /ˌbenɪˈfækʃənz/

n. 慈善捐赠；善行（benefaction的复数）➕

🔊

leisurely /ˈleʒərli/

adj./adv. 悠闲的/地➕

🔊 Napoleon, predestined by Providence for the gloomy role of executioner of the peoples, assured himself that the aim of his actions had been the peoples' welfare and that he could control the fate of millions and by the employment of power confer benefactions.

拿破仑,被天意预定为人民刽子手这一阴郁角色的他,却确信自己行动的目的是人民的福祉,相信自己能掌控数百万人的命运,并通过运用权力来施予恩惠。

🔊

Providence /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

n. 天意；上帝（大写时）➕

🔊

executioner /ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃənər/

n. 刽子手；行刑者➕

🔊

assured /əˈʃʊərd/

v. 保证；使确信（assure的过去分词）➕

🔊

welfare /ˈwelfeər/

n. 福利；福祉➕

🔊

fate /feɪt/

n. 命运➕

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employment /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/

n. 就业；使用➕

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confer /kənˈfɜːr/

v. 授予；商议➕

🔊 "Of four hundred thousand who crossed the Vistula," he wrote further of the Russian war, "half were Austrians, Prussians, Saxons, Poles, Bavarians, Württembergers, Mecklenburgers, Spaniards, Italians, and Neapolitans. The Imperial army, strictly speaking, was one third composed of Dutch, Belgians, men from the borders of the Rhine, Piedmontese, Swiss, Genevese, Tuscans, Romans, inhabitants of the Thirty-second Military Division, of Bremen, of Hamburg, and so on: it included scarcely a hundred and forty thousand who spoke French. The Russian expedition actually cost France less than fifty thousand men; the Russian army in its retreat from Vílna to Moscow lost in the various battles four times more men than the French army; the burning of Moscow cost the lives of a hundred thousand Russians who died of cold and want in the woods; finally, in its march from Moscow to the Oder the Russian army also suffered from the severity of the season; so that by the time it reached Vílna it numbered only fifty thousand, and at Kálisch less than eighteen thousand."

“渡过维斯瓦河的四十万人中,”他继续写到关于对俄战争,“一半是奥地利人、普鲁士人、萨克森人、波兰人、巴伐利亚人、符腾堡人、梅克伦堡人、西班牙人、意大利人和那不勒斯人。帝国军队严格来说有三分之一是荷兰人、比利时人、来自莱茵河边境的人、皮埃蒙特人、瑞士人、日内瓦人、托斯卡纳人、罗马人、第三十二军事师的居民、不来梅人、汉堡人等等:其中讲法语的不到十四万。对俄远征实际上只花费法国不到五万人；俄国军队从维尔纳撤退到莫斯科的历次战斗中损失的兵力是法国军队的四倍以上；莫斯科大火导致十万名俄国人因寒冷和匮乏死于森林；最后,俄国军队从莫斯科向奥得河进军时也因季节严酷而损失惨重；因此当它到达维尔纳时只剩五万人,在卡利什则不足一万八千。”

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Imperial /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/

adj. 帝国的；皇帝的➕

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strictly /ˈstrɪktli/

adv. 严格地；确切地➕

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composed /kəmˈpəʊzd/

v. 组成；构成（be composed of 由……组成）➕

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inhabitants /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/

n. 居民；居住者➕

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Military /ˈmɪlɪtəri/

adj. 军事的；军用的➕

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Division /dɪˈvɪʒən/

n. （军队的）师；部门；分割➕

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scarcely /ˈskeəsli/

adv. 几乎不；几乎没有➕

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expedition /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

n. 远征；探险；考察➕

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retreat /rɪˈtriːt/

n. 撤退；退却➕

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various /ˈveəriəs/

adj. 各种各样的；不同的➕

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severity /sɪˈverəti/

n. 严重；严厉；严酷➕

🔊 He imagined that the war with Russia came about by his will, and the horrors that occurred did not stagger his soul. He boldly took the whole responsibility for what happened, and his darkened mind found justification in the belief that among the hundreds of thousands who perished there were fewer Frenchmen than Hessians and Bavarians.

他想象对俄国的战争是依他的意志而起的,所发生的恐怖并未动摇他的灵魂。他大胆承担了所发生的一切责任,而他蒙昧的心灵在信仰中找到辩护:在数十万死亡者中,法国人比黑森人和巴伐利亚人还要少。

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stagger /ˈstæɡə/

v. 使震惊；使难以置信；蹒跚➕

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boldly /ˈbəʊldli/

adv. 大胆地；勇敢地➕

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justification /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

n. 理由；辩护；正当化➕

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perished /ˈperɪʃt/

v. 死亡；毁灭（perish的过去式）➕

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horrors /ˈhɒrəz/

n. 恐怖；可怕的事物（horror的复数）➕

Book Ten: 1812 – Chapter thirty-eight (第三十八章)

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