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First Epilogue: 1813 - 20 – Chapter seven (第七章)

探索《战争与和平》第7章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

一八一三年冬,尼古拉与玛丽亚公爵小姐完婚,便带着妻子、母亲和索尼娅迁居至童山。

不出四年,他未变卖妻子任何产业,便偿清了所有余债;后又因一位表亲去世,他获得一小笔遗产,连欠皮埃尔的债也一并还清。

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debts /dɛts/
n. 债务,欠款
🔊
property /ˈprɒpəti/
n. 财产,资产
🔊
inheritance /ɪnˈhɛrɪtəns/
n. 继承,遗产

又过了三年,到一八二〇年时,他已将家业打理得井井有条,非但能买下毗邻童山的一处小庄园,还正在洽购奥特拉德诺耶--那是他心爱的梦想。

🔊
affairs /əˈfɛrz/
n. 事务,业务
🔊
estate /ɪˈsteɪt/
n. 地产,庄园
🔊
adjoining /əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/
adj. 毗邻的,相邻的
🔊
negotiating /nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪtɪŋ/
v. 谈判,协商
🔊 Having started farming from necessity, he soon grew so devoted to it that it became his favorite and almost his sole occupation. Nicholas was a plain farmer: he did not like innovations, especially the English ones then coming into vogue. He laughed at theoretical treatises on estate management, disliked factories, the raising of expensive products, and the buying of expensive seed corn, and did not make a hobby of any particular part of the work on his estate. He always had before his mind's eye the estate as a whole and not any particular part of it. The chief thing in his eyes was not the nitrogen in the soil, nor the oxygen in the air, nor manures, nor special plows, but that most important agent by which nitrogen, oxygen, manure, and plow were made effective--the peasant laborer. When Nicholas first began farming and began to understand its different branches, it was the serf who especially attracted his attention. The peasant seemed to him not merely a tool, but also a judge of farming and an end in himself. At first he watched the serfs, trying to understand their aims and what they considered good and bad, and only pretended to direct them and give orders while in reality learning from them their methods, their manner of speech, and their judgment of what was good and bad. Only when he had understood the peasants' tastes and aspirations, had learned to talk their language, to grasp the hidden meaning of their words, and felt akin to them did he begin boldly to manage his serfs, that is, to perform toward them the duties demanded of him. And Nicholas' management produced very brilliant results.

他起初是因生计所迫才经营农事,可很快就对此倾注了全部热忱,农事竟成了他最喜爱、几乎是唯一的营生。尼古拉是个朴实的庄稼人:他不喜革新,尤其厌恶当时正流行的那套英国做派。他嘲笑那些关于田庄管理的理论文章,不喜欢工厂、昂贵的作物,也不愿购买昂贵的种子,对庄园里的哪项具体活计都谈不上痴迷。他眼前萦绕的,始终是整座庄园的全局,而非某个局部。在他看来,最重要的并非土壤里的氮素、空气中的氧气,也不是肥料或特制的犁,而是让氮、氧、肥料和犁都发挥效用的那个最关键的因素--农夫劳动力。尼古拉最初开始务农、逐渐了解各个门道时,正是农奴引起了他特别的注意。在他看来,农夫不只是一件工具,更是农耕的评判者,其本身便是目的。起先他观察农奴,试图理解他们的愿望,辨别他们眼中的善恶;他表面上装作指挥他们、发号施令,实际上却在向他们学习--学习他们的方法、他们的谈吐,以及他们对是非的判断。直到他真正理解了农夫的喜好与志向,学会了他们的语言,听懂了他们话里的弦外之音,并感到与他们血脉相通时,他才开始大胆地管理起他的农奴,也就是履行对自身要求的那份职责。而尼古拉的管理,也因此取得了极为出色的成效。

🔊
farming /ˈfɑːrmɪŋ/
n. 农业,耕作
🔊
necessity /nəˈsɛsɪti/
n. 必要性,必需品
🔊
devoted /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/
adj. 投入的,忠诚的
🔊
sole /soʊl/
adj. 唯一的,单独的
🔊
occupation /ˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn/
n. 职业,工作
🔊
innovations /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃnz/
n. 创新,革新
🔊
vogue /voʊɡ/
n. 时尚,流行
🔊
theoretical /ˌθɪəˈrɛtɪkl/
adj. 理论上的
🔊
treatises /ˈtriːtɪsɪz/
n. 论文,专著
🔊
factories /ˈfæktəriz/
n. 工厂
🔊
expensive /ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/
adj. 昂贵的
🔊
products /ˈprɒdʌkts/
n. 产品
🔊
seed corn /siːd kɔːrn/
n. 种子玉米
🔊
chief /tʃiːf/
adj. 主要的,首要的
🔊
nitrogen /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/
n.
🔊
soil /sɔɪl/
n. 土壤
🔊
oxygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/
n. 氧气
🔊
manures /məˈnjʊrz/
n. 肥料,粪肥
🔊
plows /plaʊz/
n. 犁(复数)
🔊
agent /ˈeɪdʒənt/
n. 因素,代理人
🔊
effective /ɪˈfɛktɪv/
adj. 有效的
🔊
peasant /ˈpɛznt/
n. 农民,农夫
🔊
laborer /ˈleɪbərər/
n. 劳动者,工人
🔊
branches /ˈbræntʃɪz/
n. 分支,部门
🔊
serf /sɜːrf/
n. 农奴
🔊
attracted /əˈtræktɪd/
v. 吸引
🔊
merely /ˈmɪrli/
adv. 仅仅,只不过
🔊
aims /eɪmz/
n. 目标,目的
🔊
judge /dʒʌdʒ/
n. 评判者,法官
🔊
reality /riˈæləti/
n. 现实
🔊
methods /ˈmɛθədz/
n. 方法
🔊
manner /ˈmænər/
n. 方式,举止
🔊
speech /spiːtʃ/
n. 言语,讲话
🔊
judgment /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/
n. 判断,评判
🔊
tastes /teɪsts/
n. 品味,爱好
🔊
aspirations /ˌæspəˈreɪʃnz/
n. 抱负,志向
🔊
grasp /ɡræsp/
v. 掌握,理解
🔊
hidden /ˈhɪdn/
adj. 隐藏的
🔊
meaning /ˈmiːnɪŋ/
n. 意义,含义
🔊
akin /əˈkɪn/
adj. 相似的,类似的
🔊
boldly /ˈboʊldli/
adv. 大胆地
🔊
perform /pərˈfɔːrm/
v. 履行,执行
🔊
duties /ˈduːtiz/
n. 职责,义务
🔊
demanded /dɪˈmændɪd/
v. 要求
🔊
brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/
adj. 辉煌的,出色的
🔊
mind's eye /maɪndz aɪ/
n. 脑海,想象
🔊
peasant laborer /ˈpɛznt ˈleɪbərər/
n. 农民劳动者

凭着某种洞察天赋,他在接手田庄管理之初,便准确无误地任命了总管、村长和代理人--这些人正是农奴们若有权选择肯定会自己选出来的那几位,而且这些职位从未换过人。在分析肥料特性之前,在理清借贷收支(他戏称为“算账”)之前,他先摸清了农夫们有多少牲畜,然后想尽办法增加数量。他尽量让农夫大家庭保持最大规模,不许家族群体分裂成单独的小户。他对懒惰者、堕落者、软弱者一概严厉,并设法将他们逐出村社。

🔊
insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/
n. 洞察力,深刻见解
🔊
unerringly /ʌnˈɜːrɪŋli/
adv. 准确无误地
🔊
bailiff /ˈbeɪlɪf/
n. 法警,庄园管家
🔊
delegate /ˈdɛlɪɡət/
n. 代表
🔊
analyzing /ˈænəlaɪzɪŋ/
v. 分析(现在分词)
🔊
properties /ˈprɒpərtiz/
n. 特性,属性(复数)
🔊
manure /məˈnjʊr/
n. 肥料,粪肥
🔊
debit /ˈdɛbɪt/
n. 借方,借项
🔊
credit /ˈkrɛdɪt/
n. 贷方,信用
🔊
ironically /aɪˈrɑːnɪkli/
adv. 讽刺地
🔊
expelled /ɪkˈspɛld/
v. 驱逐,开除
🔊
commune /ˈkɒmjuːn/
n. 公社
🔊
village elder /ˈvɪlɪdʒ ˈɛldər/
n. 村长,村中长老
🔊
changed hands /tʃeɪndʒd hændz/
v. 转手,易主
🔊
estates /ɪˈsteɪts/
n. 地产(复数)

他对农夫们的播种和收割,就像对待自己的一样尽心;很少有地主能像尼古拉那样,庄稼种得那么早、那么好,收成那么丰硕。

🔊
landowners /ˈlændˌoʊnərz/
n. 土地所有者
🔊 He disliked having anything to do with the domestic serfs--the "drones" as he called them--and everyone said he spoiled them by his laxity. When a decision had to be taken regarding a domestic serf, especially if one had to be punished, he always felt undecided and consulted everybody in the house; but when it was possible to have a domestic serf conscripted instead of a land worker he did so without the least hesitation. He never felt any hesitation in dealing with the peasants. He knew that his every decision would be approved by them all with very few exceptions.

他不喜欢跟家中的农奴打交道--他称他们为“懒虫”--人人都说他纵容了他们,管理太松懈。每逢要处理有关家奴的事务,尤其需要惩罚某人时,他总是犹豫不决,要跟家里的每个人商量;但若有可能用一名家奴代替田里劳力去征兵,他便会毫不犹豫地照办。他对待农夫们却从不犹豫。他知道,自己的每个决定,几乎都会得到他们全体的赞同。

🔊
domestic serfs /dəˈmɛstɪk sɜːrfs/
n. 家仆农奴
🔊
drones /droʊnz/
n. 懒汉,寄生虫
🔊
laxity /ˈlæksəti/
n. 松懈,不严格
🔊
regarding /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/
prep. 关于
🔊
punished /ˈpʌnɪʃt/
v. 被惩罚
🔊
undecided /ˌʌndɪˈsaɪdɪd/
adj. 未决定的,犹豫不决的
🔊
consulted /kənˈsʌltɪd/
v. 咨询,请教
🔊
conscripted /kənˈskrɪptɪd/
v. 被征召入伍
🔊
hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 犹豫
🔊
dealing /ˈdiːlɪŋ/
n. 对待,处理
🔊
approved /əˈpruːvd/
v. 批准,赞同
🔊
exceptions /ɪkˈsɛpʃnz/
n. 例外
🔊
land worker /lænd ˈwɜːrkər/
n. 土地工人,田间劳动者

他既不允许自己对某个人格外严厉或施加惩罚,也不允许凭一时好恶而给人方便或予以奖赏。他说不清自己是根据什么标准来判断该做什么、不该做什么,但他心中那个标准非常牢固和明确。

🔊
inclined /ɪnˈklaɪnd/
adj. 倾向的,有意的
🔊
standard /ˈstændərd/
n. 标准
🔊
definite /ˈdɛfɪnət/
adj. 明确的,确定的

每当遇到某种失败或混乱,他常常会恼火地说:“拿咱们的俄罗斯农民有什么办法?”仿佛自己已经受不了他们了。

🔊
vexation /vɛkˈseɪʃn/
n. 烦恼,恼怒
🔊
irregularity /ɪˌrɛɡjəˈlærəti/
n. 不规则,不合常规的事

然而,他全身心地热爱着“咱们的俄罗斯农民”和他们那种生活方式,正是出于这份热爱,他才理解和吸收了唯一能产生好结果的那种耕作方式。

🔊
assimilated /əˈsɪmɪleɪtɪd/
v. 吸收,同化
🔊 Countess Mary was jealous of this passion of her husband's and regretted that she could not share it; but she could not understand the joys and vexations he derived from that world, to her so remote and alien. She could not understand why he was so particularly animated and happy when, after getting up at daybreak and spending the whole morning in the fields or on the threshing floor, he returned from the sowing or mowing or reaping to have tea with her. She did not understand why he spoke with such admiration and delight of the farming of the thrifty and well-to-do peasant Matthew Ermishin, who with his family had carted corn all night; or of the fact that his (Nicholas') sheaves were already stacked before anyone else had his harvest in. She did not understand why he stepped out from the window to the veranda and smiled under his mustache and winked so joyfully, when warm steady rain began to fall on the dry and thirsty shoots of the young oats, or why when the wind carried away a threatening cloud during the hay harvest he would return from the barn, flushed, sunburned, and perspiring, with a smell of wormwood and gentian in his hair and, gleefully rubbing his hands, would say: "Well, one more day and my grain and the peasants' will all be under cover."

伯爵夫人玛丽对丈夫的这种热情颇为嫉妒,遗憾自己无法分享;她无法理解他从那个对她而言如此遥远而陌生的世界中获得的喜悦与烦恼。她不明白,为什么他每天天不亮就起床,整个上午都在田野或打谷场上度过,播种、割草、收割回来和她一起喝茶时,会那么神采飞扬、兴高采烈。她不明白,为什么他谈起那位节俭富裕的农夫马特维·叶尔米申及其全家连夜拉运粮食的事迹时,那么赞赏与陶醉;为什么他谈起他(尼古拉)的麦捆总比别人先堆好时,那么得意。她不明白,当温暖稳定的雨水开始洒在干渴的燕麦嫩芽上时,为什么他会走到窗前,来到露台上,在胡须下微笑,并那样快活地眨着眼睛;为什么当收割干草时狂风吹走了一片乌云,他会从谷仓回来,满脸通红、晒得黝黑、浑身是汗,头发里带着苦艾和龙胆的气味,兴高采烈地搓着双手说:“好啦,再过一天,我的粮食和农民的庄稼就都能归仓了。”

🔊
Countess /ˈkaʊntɪs/
n. 伯爵夫人
🔊
jealous /ˈdʒɛləs/
adj. 嫉妒的
🔊
passion /ˈpæʃn/
n. 热情,激情
🔊
regretted /rɪˈɡrɛtɪd/
v. 后悔
🔊
vexations /vɛkˈseɪʃnz/
n. 烦恼(复数)
🔊
remote /rɪˈmoʊt/
adj. 遥远的,偏僻的
🔊
alien /ˈeɪliən/
adj. 陌生的,外来的
🔊
particularly /pərˈtɪkjələrli/
adv. 特别地
🔊
animated /ˈænɪmeɪtɪd/
adj. 活跃的,生气勃勃的
🔊
daybreak /ˈdeɪbreɪk/
n. 黎明
🔊
threshing floor /ˈθrɛʃɪŋ flɔːr/
n. 打谷场
🔊
admiration /ˌædməˈreɪʃn/
n. 钦佩,赞赏
🔊
delight /dɪˈlaɪt/
n. 高兴,喜悦
🔊
thrifty /ˈθrɪfti/
adj. 节俭的
🔊
well-to-do /ˌwɛl tə ˈduː/
adj. 富裕的
🔊
carted /ˈkɑːrtɪd/
v. 用车运送(过去式)
🔊
sheaves /ʃiːvz/
n. 禾捆(复数)
🔊
stacked /stækt/
v. 堆积,堆放
🔊
harvest /ˈhɑːrvɪst/
n. 收获,收割
🔊
veranda /vəˈrændə/
n. 阳台,走廊
🔊
mustache /ˈmʌstæʃ/
n. 胡子,髭
🔊
winked /wɪŋkt/
v. 眨眼(过去式)
🔊
steady /ˈstɛdi/
adj. 稳定的
🔊
shoots /ʃuːts/
n. 嫩芽,新枝
🔊
oats /oʊts/
n. 燕麦
🔊
threatening /ˈθrɛtənɪŋ/
adj. 威胁的,凶险的
🔊
barn /bɑːrn/
n. 谷仓
🔊
flushed /flʌʃt/
adj. 脸红的,兴奋的
🔊
sunburned /ˈsʌnbɜːrnd/
adj. 晒伤的,晒黑的
🔊
perspiring /pərˈspaɪrɪŋ/
adj. 出汗的
🔊
wormwood /ˈwɜːrmwʊd/
n. 苦艾
🔊
gentian /ˈdʒɛnʃn/
n. 龙胆(植物)
🔊
gleefully /ˈɡliːfəli/
adv. 快乐地,欢欣地
🔊
rubbing /ˈrʌbɪŋ/
v. 揉搓,摩擦(现在分词)
🔊
grain /ɡreɪn/
n. 谷物,粮食
🔊
under cover /ˈʌndər ˈkʌvər/
phr. 在遮盖下,被保护
🔊 Still less did she understand why he, kindhearted and always ready to anticipate her wishes, should become almost desperate when she brought him a petition from some peasant men or women who had appealed to her to be excused some work; why he, that kind Nicholas, should obstinately refuse her, angrily asking her not to interfere in what was not her business. She felt he had a world apart, which he loved passionately and which had laws she had not fathomed.

她更无法理解的是,为什么他--这位心地善良、总是乐于满足她愿望的人--当她拿着某个男农奴或女农奴的请愿书来求他免除一些劳役时,会几乎绝望;为什么这个好心的尼古拉会固执地拒绝她,生气地叫她别插手不属于她的事情。她感到他有一个独立的世界,他深深热爱着那个世界,而那个世界的法则她尚未参透。

🔊
kindhearted /ˌkaɪndˈhɑːrtɪd/
adj. 善良的,好心肠的
🔊
anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/
v. 预期,期待
🔊
desperate /ˈdɛspərət/
adj. 绝望的,拼命的
🔊
petition /pəˈtɪʃn/
n. 请愿书,诉状
🔊
appealed /əˈpiːld/
v. 呼吁,恳求
🔊
excused /ɪkˈskjuːzd/
v. 免除,原谅
🔊
obstinately /ˈɑːbstɪnətli/
adv. 固执地
🔊
refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/
v. 拒绝
🔊
angrily /ˈæŋɡrəli/
adv. 愤怒地
🔊
interfere /ˌɪntərˈfɪr/
v. 干涉,打扰
🔊
passionately /ˈpæʃnətli/
adv. 充满热情地
🔊
fathomed /ˈfæðəmd/
v. 理解,弄清(过去分词)
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world apart /wɜːrld əˈpɑːrt/
phr. 截然不同的世界

有时,她试图理解他,便说起他为农奴所做的好事,他却烦了,答道:“根本不是那么回事;我压根儿没想过,也不是为了他们好才做的!什么为邻居造福--全是些诗歌和老生常谈!我要的是咱们的孩子将来不必去讨饭。我活着的时候必须把家业理好,仅此而已。要做到这一点,就非得有秩序和严格不行……就这么回事!”他说着,握紧了有力的拳头。“当然也得公平,”他补充道,“因为如果农夫赤身裸体、饿着肚子,只有一匹可怜的马,那他对我和他自己都没好处。”

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vexed /vɛkst/
v. 使烦恼(过去分词)
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poetry /ˈpoʊətri/
n. 诗歌
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old wives' talk /oʊld waɪvz tɔːk/
phr. 无稽之谈,老妇的闲谈
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neighbor /ˈneɪbər/
n. 邻居
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begging /ˈbɛɡɪŋ/
v. 乞讨(现在分词)
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strictness /ˈstrɪktnəs/
n. 严格
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essential /ɪˈsɛnʃl/
adj. 必要的,本质的
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clenching /ˈklɛntʃɪŋ/
v. 握紧(现在分词)
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vigorous /ˈvɪɡərəs/
adj. 有力的,精力充沛的
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fist /fɪst/
n. 拳头
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fairness /ˈfernəs/
n. 公平
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miserable /ˈmɪzərəbl/
adj. 悲惨的,可怜的

尼古拉所做的一切都颇有成效--也许正是因为他拒绝让自己认为他是在为了美德而行善。他的财富迅速增长;邻近庄园的农奴跑来求他买下他们;他去世多年后,农奴们仍虔诚地记着他治下的恩德。“他是一位好东家……先替庄稼人着想,然后才想自己。当然,他也不是好惹的--总之,他是一位真正的东家!”

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fruitful /ˈfruːtfl/
adj. 富有成效的,多产的
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virtue's sake /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz seɪk/
phr. 为了美德
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administration /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/
n. 管理,行政
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devoutly /dɪˈvaʊtli/
adv. 虔诚地
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preserved /prɪˈzɜːrvd/
v. 保存,保留(过去分词)
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trifled with /ˈtraɪfld wɪð/
v. 轻视,怠慢(过去分词)
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。