阅读主题:
语言:
📕 rednote ID(小红书号):3881567312
📢 自动下一章:
🔊

Book Nine: 1812 – Chapter five (第五章)

探索《战争与和平》第5章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 Davout was to Napoleon what Arakchéev was to Alexander--though not a coward like Arakchéev, he was as precise, as cruel, and as unable to express his devotion to his monarch except by cruelty.

达武之于拿破仑,恰如阿拉克切耶夫之于亚历山大--尽管他不像阿拉克切耶夫那样怯懦,但他同样精确、冷酷,并且除了冷酷之外,无法表达对君主的忠诚。

🔊
coward /ˈkaʊəd/
n. 胆小鬼,懦夫
🔊
precise /prɪˈsaɪs/
adj. 精确的,严谨的
🔊
cruel /ˈkruːəl/
adj. 残忍的,残酷的
🔊
devotion /dɪˈvəʊʃn/
n. 奉献,忠诚,热爱
🔊
monarch /ˈmɒnək/
n. 君主,帝王
🔊
cruelty /ˈkruːəlti/
n. 残忍,残酷
🔊 In the organism of states such men are necessary, as wolves are necessary in the organism of nature, and they always exist, always appear and hold their own, however incongruous their presence and their proximity to the head of the government may be. This inevitability alone can explain how the cruel Arakchéev, who tore out a grenadier's mustache with his own hands, whose weak nerves rendered him unable to face danger, and who was neither an educated man nor a courtier, was able to maintain his powerful position with Alexander, whose own character was chivalrous, noble, and gentle.

在国家这具有机体中,这类人必不可少,如同自然界中狼的存在一样;他们始终存在,总会现身并占据一席之地,哪怕他们的出现及其与政府首脑的亲近显得多么不协调。唯有这种必然性才能解释:为何冷酷的阿拉克切耶夫--他曾亲手拔掉掷弹兵的胡须,神经脆弱到不敢面对危险,既无学识也不善逢迎--竟能在一个品格高尚、温文尔雅的亚历山大面前,维持自己强势的地位。

🔊
organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/
n. 有机体,生物体;组织
🔊
necessary /ˈnesəsəri/
adj. 必要的,必需的
🔊
states /steɪts/
n. 国家,州(复数)
🔊
exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/
v. 存在,生存
🔊
incongruous /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs/
adj. 不协调的,不一致的
🔊
presence /ˈprezns/
n. 存在,出席,在场
🔊
proximity /prɒkˈsɪməti/
n. 接近,邻近
🔊
inevitability /ɪnˌevɪtəˈbɪləti/
n. 必然性,不可避免
🔊
grenadier /ˌɡrenəˈdɪə/
n. 掷弹兵;精锐步兵
🔊
mustache /məˈstɑːʃ/
n. 胡子,髭
🔊
nerves /nɜːvz/
n. 神经;紧张(复数)
🔊
rendered /ˈrendəd/
v. 使成为,致使(render的过去式)
🔊
danger /ˈdeɪndʒə/
n. 危险
🔊
educated /ˈedʒukeɪtɪd/
adj. 受过教育的,有教养的
🔊
courtier /ˈkɔːtiə/
n. 朝臣,廷臣
🔊
maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/
v. 维持,保持;主张
🔊
powerful /ˈpaʊəfl/
adj. 强大的,有影响力的
🔊
position /pəˈzɪʃn/
n. 位置,职位,地位
🔊
character /ˈkærəktə/
n. 性格,品质;人物
🔊
chivalrous /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/
adj. 有骑士精神的,侠义的
🔊
noble /ˈnəʊbl/
adj. 高尚的,贵族的
🔊
gentle /ˈdʒentl/
adj. 温和的,温柔的
🔊
unable /ʌnˈeɪbl/
adj. 无法的,不能的
🔊 Balashëv found Davout seated on a barrel in the shed of a peasant's hut, writing--he was auditing accounts. Better quarters could have been found him, but Marshal Davout was one of those men who purposely put themselves in most depressing conditions to have a justification for being gloomy. For the same reason they are always hard at work and in a hurry. “How can I think of the bright side of life when, as you see, I am sitting on a barrel and working in a dirty shed?” the expression of his face seemed to say. The chief pleasure and necessity of such men, when they encounter anyone who shows animation, is to flaunt their own dreary, persistent activity. Davout allowed himself that pleasure when Balashëv was brought in. He became still more absorbed in his task when the Russian general entered, and after glancing over his spectacles at Balashëv's face, which was animated by the beauty of the morning and by his talk with Murat, he did not rise or even stir, but scowled still more and sneered malevolently.

巴洛舍夫发现达武坐在农家窝棚的一只木桶上,正在伏案书写--他正在核对账目。本可为他安排更好的住处,但元帅 达武是那种故意将自己置于最压抑的环境中,以便为阴沉的心绪寻找理由的人。出于同样的理性>>,他们总是忙碌而急促。“既然你看我坐在桶上,在肮脏的棚子里干活,又怎能奢谈生活的光明面?”他的表情仿佛在说。这类人遇到生龙活虎的人时,最大的乐趣与需求便是炫耀自己那种沉闷而持久的忙碌。当巴洛舍夫被带进来时,达武便纵情享受这份乐趣。那位俄国将军步入时--他因清晨的美景以及与缪拉的交谈而神采奕奕--达武更加埋头于手头的工作;从眼镜上方瞥了一眼巴洛舍夫的脸后,他既未起身,也未动弹,反而眉头皱得更紧,恶意地冷笑着。

🔊
seated /ˈsiːtɪd/
adj. 坐着的,就座的
🔊
barrel /ˈbærəl/
n. 桶;圆筒
🔊
shed /ʃed/
n. 棚屋,小屋
🔊
peasant /ˈpeznt/
n. 农民,农夫
🔊
hut /hʌt/
n. 小屋,棚屋
🔊
auditing /ˈɔːdɪtɪŋ/
n. 审计,查账
🔊
accounts /əˈkaʊnts/
n. 账目,账户(复数)
🔊
quarters /ˈkwɔːtəz/
n. 住处,营房(复数)
🔊
purposely /ˈpɜːpəsli/
adv. 故意地,特意地
🔊
depressing /dɪˈpresɪŋ/
adj. 令人沮丧的,压抑的
🔊
justification /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/
n. 理由,辩护
🔊
gloomy /ˈɡluːmi/
adj. 阴郁的,沮丧的
🔊
expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/
n. 表情,表达
🔊
chief /tʃiːf/
adj. 主要的,最重要的
🔊
pleasure /ˈpleʒə/
n. 快乐,愉快
🔊
necessity /nəˈsesəti/
n. 必要性,必需品
🔊
encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə/
v. 遭遇,遇到
🔊
animation /ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn/
n. 生气,活力;动画
🔊
flaunt /flɔːnt/
v. 炫耀,夸示
🔊
dreary /ˈdrɪəri/
adj. 沉闷的,乏味的
🔊
persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/
adj. 坚持不懈的,持久的
🔊
activity /ækˈtɪvəti/
n. 活动,行动
🔊
absorbed /əbˈzɔːbd/
adj. 专注的,全神贯注的
🔊
task /tɑːsk/
n. 任务,工作
🔊
general /ˈdʒenrəl/
n. 将军
🔊
glancing /ˈɡlɑːnsɪŋ/
v. 瞥,扫视(glance的现在分词)
🔊
spectacles /ˈspektəklz/
n. 眼镜(复数)
🔊
animated /ˈænɪmeɪtɪd/
adj. 有活力的,生气勃勃的
🔊
beauty /ˈbjuːti/
n. 美丽,美景
🔊
stir /stɜː/
v. 移动,搅动;激起
🔊
scowled /skaʊld/
v. 皱眉(scowl的过去式)
🔊
sneered /snɪəd/
v. 嘲笑(sneer的过去式)
🔊
malevolently /məˈlevələntli/
adv. 恶意地,恶毒地
🔊 When he noticed in Balashëv's face the disagreeable impression this reception produced, Davout raised his head and coldly asked what he wanted.

当达武注意到巴洛舍夫脸上因这种接待方式而产生的不快时,他抬起头,冷冷地问对方有何贵干。

🔊
disagreeable /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbl/
adj. 令人不快的,讨厌的
🔊
impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/
n. 印象,效果
🔊
reception /rɪˈsepʃn/
n. 接待;接收
🔊
coldly /ˈkəʊldli/
adv. 冷淡地,冷漠地
🔊 Thinking he could have been received in such a manner only because Davout did not know that he was adjutant general to the Emperor Alexander and even his envoy to Napoleon, Balashëv hastened to inform him of his rank and mission. Contrary to his expectation, Davout, after hearing him, became still surlier and ruder.

巴洛舍夫原以为受到如此接待,只是因为达武不知道他是亚历山大皇帝的将军副官,甚至还是派往拿破仑处的信使,便赶紧禀明自己的身份和使命。出乎他意料的是,达武听后反而更加粗暴无礼。

🔊
manner /ˈmænə/
n. 方式,举止
🔊
adjutant /ˈædʒʊtənt/
n. 副官,助手
🔊
envoy /ˈenvɔɪ/
n. 使者,使节
🔊
hastened /ˈheɪsnd/
v. 急忙,赶快(hasten的过去式)
🔊
inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/
v. 通知,告知
🔊
rank /ræŋk/
n. 等级,官衔
🔊
mission /ˈmɪʃn/
n. 使命,任务
🔊
contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/
adj. 相反的,对抗的
🔊
expectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/
n. 期望,预期
🔊
surlier /ˈsɜːliə/
adj. 更粗暴的,更乖戾的(surly的比较级)
🔊
ruder /ˈruːdə/
adj. 更粗鲁的(rude的比较级)
🔊Where is your dispatch?” he inquired. “Give it to me. I will send it to the Emperor.”

“你的文书在哪里?”他问道,“交给我。我将呈送皇帝。”

🔊
dispatch /dɪˈspætʃ/
n. 公文,急件
🔊
inquired /ɪnˈkwaɪəd/
v. 询问(inquire的过去式)

巴洛舍夫回答说,他奉命要亲手呈交皇帝。

🔊
personally /ˈpɜːsənəli/
adv. 亲自地,就个人而言

“贵国皇帝的命令只在贵军有效,在此地,”达武说道,“你必须按吩咐行事。”

🔊
obeyed /əˈbeɪd/
v. 服从(obey的过去分词)
🔊 And, as if to make the Russian general still more conscious of his dependence on brute force, Davout sent an adjutant to call the officer on duty.

说罢,仿佛为了更让那位俄国将军意识到自己对蛮力的依赖,达武派了一名副官去叫值班军官。

🔊
conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/
adj. 有意识的,意识到的
🔊
dependence /dɪˈpendəns/
n. 依赖,依靠
🔊
brute /bruːt/
adj. 野蛮的,残忍的
🔊
force /fɔːs/
n. 力量,武力,军队
🔊
officer /ˈɒfɪsə/
n. 军官,官员
🔊
duty /ˈdjuːti/
n. 职责,责任
🔊 Balashëv took out the packet containing the Emperor's letter and laid it on the table (made of a door with its hinges still hanging on it, laid across two barrels). Davout took the packet and read the inscription.

巴洛舍夫取出装有皇帝信函的封套,放在桌子上(一张门板搭在两只桶上,门上的铰链还挂着)。达武拿起封套,看了看上面的题写。

🔊
packet /ˈpækɪt/
n. 小包,信函
🔊
containing /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/
v. 包含(contain的现在分词)
🔊
hinges /hɪndʒɪz/
n. 铰链(复数)
🔊
hanging /ˈhæŋɪŋ/
v. 悬挂(hang的现在分词)
🔊
inscription /ɪnˈskrɪpʃn/
n. 铭文,题字
🔊You are perfectly at liberty to treat me with respect or not,” protested Balashëv, “but permit me to observe that I have the honor to be adjutant general to His Majesty...”

“您完全有权尊重我或不尊重我,”巴洛舍夫抗议道,“但请允许我指出,我荣幸地担任陛下的将军副官……”

🔊
perfectly /ˈpɜːfɪktli/
adv. 完全地,完美地
🔊
liberty /ˈlɪbəti/
n. 自由
🔊
treat /triːt/
v. 对待;处理;请客
🔊
respect /rɪˈspekt/
n. 尊重,尊敬
🔊
protested /prəˈtestɪd/
v. 抗议(protest的过去式)
🔊
permit /pəˈmɪt/
v. 允许,许可
🔊
observe /əbˈzɜːv/
v. 观察;遵守;注意到
🔊
honor /ˈɒnə/
n. 荣誉,荣幸
🔊
Majesty /ˈmædʒəsti/
n. 陛下(对君主的尊称)
🔊 Davout glanced at him silently and plainly derived pleasure from the signs of agitation and confusion which appeared on Balashëv's face.

达武沉默地瞥了他一眼,巴洛舍夫脸上现出的激动与困惑的迹象,显然给他带来了乐趣。

🔊
glanced /ɡlɑːnst/
v. 警视(glance的过去式)
🔊
silently /ˈsaɪləntli/
adv. 沉默地,无声地
🔊
plainly /ˈpleɪnli/
adv. 显然,清楚地
🔊
derived /dɪˈraɪvd/
v. 获得,源起(derive的过去式)
🔊
signs /saɪnz/
n. 迹象,标志(sign的复数)
🔊
agitation /ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 焦虑,激动;煽动
🔊
confusion /kənˈfjuːʒn/
n. 困惑,混乱
🔊
appeared /əˈpɪəd/
v. 出现(appear的过去式)
🔊You will be treated as is fitting,” said he and, putting the packet in his pocket, left the shed.

“你将得到应有的对待,”他说着,把封套塞进口袋,离开了棚屋。

🔊
fitting /ˈfɪtɪŋ/
adj. 合适的,恰当的
🔊
pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/
n. 口袋

一分钟后,元帅的副官德·卡斯特雷先生走了进来,将巴洛舍夫带到为他安排的住处。

🔊
conducted /kənˈdʌktɪd/
v. 引导(conduct的过去式)
🔊
assigned /əˈsaɪnd/
v. 分配(assign的过去分词)
🔊 That day he dined with the marshal, at the same board on the barrels.

那天,他与元帅同桌吃饭,桌子就架在木桶上。

🔊
dined /daɪnd/
v. 用餐(dine的过去式)
🔊
board /bɔːd/
n. 木板;董事会

次日清晨,达武骑马外出,派人召来巴洛舍夫后,断然要求他留在此处,若有命令让辎重队移动则随行,并且除了德·卡斯特雷先生外,不得与任何人交谈。

🔊
peremptorily /pəˈremptərəli/
adv. 专横地;不容置疑地
🔊
baggage train /ˈbæɡɪdʒ treɪn/
n. 行李车队(军事)

在经历了四天的孤独、无聊,以及对自己无力与微不足道的意识--尤其是与不久前所处的权力环境相比,这种感觉更为尖锐--之后,巴洛舍夫随着元帅的辎重队和占领了整个地区的法国军队行军数日,被带到了维尔纳--现在已被法国军占领--而他们正是从四天前他离开的那道城门进入的。

🔊
solitude /ˈsɒlɪtjuːd/
n. 独处;孤独
🔊
ennui /ɒnˈwiː/
n. 厌倦;倦怠
🔊
impotence /ˈɪmpətəns/
n. 无力;无效
🔊
insignificance /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
n. 微不足道;无意义
🔊
acute /əˈkjuːt/
adj. 敏锐的;剧烈的;严重的
🔊
sphere /sfɪər/
n. 领域;范围;球体
🔊
marches /ˈmɑːrtʃɪz/
n. 行军(名词复数)
🔊
marshal /ˈmɑːrʃəl/
n. 元帅;司仪
🔊
occupied /ˈɒkjʊpaɪd/
v. 占据;占领(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
district /ˈdɪstrɪkt/
n. 地区;区域
🔊
previously /ˈpriːviəsli/
adv. 以前;先前
🔊 Next day the imperial gentleman-in-waiting, the Comte de Turenne, came to Balashëv and informed him of the Emperor Napoleon's wish to honor him with an audience.

次日,御前侍从官、图伦伯爵来到巴洛舍夫面前,通知他皇帝 拿破仑愿赐予他觐见的荣幸。

🔊
imperial /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/
adj. 帝国的;皇帝的
🔊
gentleman-in-waiting /ˈdʒentl̩mən ɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ/
n. (宫廷)侍从
🔊
informed /ɪnˈfɔːrmd/
v. 告知(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
emperor /ˈempərər/
n. 皇帝
🔊
audience /ˈɔːdiəns/
n. 观众;听众;谒见
🔊 Four days before, sentinels of the Preobrazhénsk regiment had stood in front of the house to which Balashëv was conducted, and now two French grenadiers stood there in blue uniforms unfastened in front and with shaggy caps on their heads, and an escort of hussars and Uhlans and a brilliant suite of aides-de-camp, pages, and generals, who were waiting for Napoleon to come out, were standing at the porch, round his saddle horse and his Mameluke, Rustan.

四天前,巴洛舍夫被带去的那栋房屋前,站着普列奥布拉任斯基团的哨兵;而现在,那里站着两名法国 掷弹兵,穿着胸前敞开的蓝色制服,头戴毛茸茸的高筒帽;门廊周围,一支由骠骑兵和枪骑兵组成的护送队,以及一群光彩夺目的副官、侍从和将军,正在等候拿破仑出来,围着他的坐骑和他的马穆鲁克鲁斯塔姆。

🔊
sentinels /ˈsentɪnlz/
n. 哨兵(复数)
🔊
regiment /ˈredʒɪmənt/
n. 团(军事单位)
🔊
grenadiers /ˌɡrenəˈdɪərz/
n. 掷弹兵(复数)
🔊
uniforms /ˈjuːnɪfɔːrmz/
n. 制服(复数)
🔊
unfastened /ʌnˈfɑːsnd/
adj. 解开的;未系好的
🔊
shaggy /ˈʃæɡi/
adj. 毛发蓬乱的;粗糙的
🔊
escort /ˈeskɔːrt/
n. 护送队;陪同
🔊
hussars /hʊˈzɑːrz/
n. 轻骑兵(复数)
🔊
Uhlans /ˈuːlɑːnz/
n. 枪骑兵(复数,尤指波兰/普鲁士)
🔊
brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/
adj. 灿烂的;杰出的
🔊
suite /swiːt/
n. 随从;套间;一套家具
🔊
aides-de-camp /ˌeɪdz də ˈkɑːmp/
n. 副官(复数)
🔊
pages /ˈpeɪdʒɪz/
n. 侍从(复数);页码
🔊
generals /ˈdʒenərəlz/
n. 将军(复数)
🔊
porch /pɔːrtʃ/
n. 门廊;走廊
🔊
saddle horse /ˈsædl hɔːrs/
n. 坐骑;骑用马
🔊
Mameluke /ˈmæməluːk/
n. 马穆鲁克(中世纪埃及奴隶骑兵)

拿破仑在维尔纳的那栋房屋里接见了巴洛舍夫--正是四天前亚历山大派遣他出使时所在的那栋房子。

🔊
received /rɪˈsiːvd/
v. 收到;接待(过去式/过去分词)
🔊
dispatched /dɪˈspætʃt/
v. 派遣;发送(过去式/过去分词)
Wordbook
字体色:
背景色:
您的数据已保存在此浏览器中

翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。