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Book II. The Great Bourgeois – Chapter one: Ninety Years and Thirty-Two Teeth (第一章:九十岁与三十二颗牙)

探索《悲惨世界》第1章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细IELTS词汇及解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读能力。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

在布歇拉街、诺曼底街和桑通日街,至今仍住着几位老住户,他们记得一位名叫吉诺曼先生的可敬人物,提起他时还颇带几分好感。这位老好人在他们年轻时就已经很老了。对于怀着惆怅之情凝视那被称为“过去”的朦胧阴影群的人们来说,这个形象尚未完全消失--在圣殿附近那片错综复杂的街巷里,在路易十四时代,这些街道曾以法国所有省份命名,正如今天蒂沃利新区街道以欧洲各国首都命名一样;这无疑是一种进步,其中进步是显而易见的。

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ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/
adj. 古老的,古代的
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inhabitants /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/
n. 居民,居住者
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preserved /prɪˈzɜːrvd/
v. 保存,保护(preserve的过去分词)
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worthy /ˈwɜːrði/
adj. 值得尊敬的,有价值的
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complaisance /kəmˈpleɪzəns/
n. 殷勤,讨好
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silhouette /ˌsɪluˈet/
n. 轮廓,剪影
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melancholy /ˈmelənkɑːli/
n. 忧郁,悲伤
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vague /veɪɡ/
adj. 模糊的,不明确的
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swarm /swɔːrm/
n. (昆虫、人等)一大群
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labyrinth /ˈlæbərɪnθ/
n. 迷宫,复杂难解的事物
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vicinity /vɪˈsɪnəti/
n. 附近,邻近地区
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provinces /ˈprɒvɪnsɪz/
n. 省份(province的复数)
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appended /əˈpendɪd/
v. 附加,添加(append的过去分词)
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progression /prəˈɡreʃn/
n. 进展,进程
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visible /ˈvɪzəbl/
adj. 可见的,明显的
🔊 M. Gillenormand, who was as much alive as possible in 1831, was one of those men who had become curiosities to be viewed, simply because they have lived a long time, and who are strange because they formerly resembled everybody, and now resemble nobody. He was a peculiar old man, and in very truth, a man of another age, the real, complete and rather haughty bourgeois of the eighteenth century, who wore his good, old bourgeoisie with the air with which marquises wear their marquisates. He was over ninety years of age, his walk was erect, he talked loudly, saw clearly, drank neat, ate, slept, and snored. He had all thirty-two of his teeth. He only wore spectacles when he read. He was of an amorous disposition, but declared that, for the last ten years, he had wholly and decidedly renounced women. He could no longer please, he said; he did not add: "I am too old," but: "I am too poor." He said: "If I were not ruined--Héée!" All he had left, in fact, was an income of about fifteen thousand francs. His dream was to come into an inheritance and to have a hundred thousand livres income for mistresses. He did not belong, as the reader will perceive, to that puny variety of octogenaries who, like M. de Voltaire, have been dying all their life; his was no longevity of a cracked pot; this jovial old man had always had good health. He was superficial, rapid, easily angered. He flew into a passion at everything, generally quite contrary to all reason. When contradicted, he raised his cane; he beat people as he had done in the great century. He had a daughter over fifty years of age, and unmarried, whom he chastised severely with his tongue, when in a rage, and whom he would have liked to whip. She seemed to him to be eight years old. He boxed his servants' ears soundly, and said: "Ah! carogne!" One of his oaths was: "By the pantoufloche of the pantouflochade!" He had singular freaks of tranquillity; he had himself shaved every day by a barber who had been mad and who detested him, being jealous of M. Gillenormand on account of his wife, a pretty and coquettish barberess. M. Gillenormand admired his own discernment in all things, and declared that he was extremely sagacious; here is one of his sayings: "I have, in truth, some penetration; I am able to say when a flea bites me, from what woman it came."

吉诺曼先生在1831年时依然精神矍铄,他是那种只因活得长久而成为观赏对象的人,奇特之处在于,他从前与众人无异,如今却与任何人都不同。他是个古怪的老人,实际上是另一个时代的人,真正的、完整的、相当傲慢的18世纪资产阶级,他摆出他那良好而古老的资产阶级派头,就像侯爵摆出侯爵头衔一样。他已年过九旬,腰杆笔直,说话声如洪钟,视力清晰,喝烈酒,吃饭睡觉打鼾。他有三十二颗牙,读书时才戴眼镜。他生性多情,但宣称最近十年已完全、坚决地戒绝女色。他不再能讨人欢心,他说;他没有加一句“我太老了”,而是说“我太穷了”。他说:“我若非破产--哎!”事实上,他仅剩约一万五千法郎的年收入。他的梦想是继承一笔遗产,拥有十万利弗尔的年收入来养情妇。读者想必看得出,他并非那种像德·伏尔泰先生那样一生都在奄奄一息的羸弱八旬老人;他的长寿并非裂罐之寿;这位快乐的老人向来身体健康。他肤浅、急躁、易怒。他对一切都大发雷霆,通常毫无道理。一被反驳,他就举起手杖;他打人,就像在伟大世纪里那样。他有一个五十多岁的未婚女儿,发怒时便用舌头严厉责骂她,恨不得用鞭子抽她。在他看来,她似乎只有八岁。他狠狠扇仆人的耳光,嘴里还骂:“啊!婊子!”他的一句口头禅是:“凭这该死的拖鞋!”他有时会有古怪的平静发作;他每天让一个曾是疯子的理发师刮脸,这个理发师因他妻子--一位漂亮风骚的理发女郎--而嫉妒并憎恨他。吉诺曼先生自诩对一切事物洞察秋毫,宣称自己极其精明;他有一句名言:“说实话,我颇有眼力;我能说出跳蚤咬我时,是哪个女人身上的。”

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curiosities /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsətiz/
n. 珍品,奇事(curiosity的复数)
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resembled /rɪˈzembld/
v. 相似,像(resemble的过去式)
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peculiar /pɪˈkjuːliər/
adj. 奇特的,独特的
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haughty /ˈhɔːti/
adj. 傲慢的,自大的
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bourgeois /ˈbʊərʒwɑː/
n./adj. 资产阶级(的);中产阶级(的)
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marquises /mɑːrˈkiːzɪz/
n. 侯爵(marquis的复数)
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marquisates /mɑːrˈkiːzɪts/
n. 侯爵领地或爵位
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erect /ɪˈrekt/
adj. 挺直的,笔直的
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amorous /ˈæmərəs/
adj. 多情的,爱慕的
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disposition /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn/
n. 性情,性格
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renounced /rɪˈnaʊnst/
v. 宣布放弃(renounce的过去式)
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inheritance /ɪnˈherɪtəns/
n. 遗产,继承
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mistresses /ˈmɪstrəsɪz/
n. 情妇(mistress的复数)
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perceive /pərˈsiːv/
v. 察觉,理解
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puny /ˈpjuːni/
adj. 弱小的,微不足道的
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octogenaries /ˌɒktəʊdʒɪˈneəriz/
n. 八十多岁的人(octogenarian的复数)
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longevity /lɒnˈdʒevəti/
n. 长寿,持久
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jovial /ˈdʒəʊviəl/
adj. 快活的,友善的
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superficial /ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃl/
adj. 表面的,肤浅的
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contradicted /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktɪd/
v. 反驳,与……矛盾(contradict的过去式)
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chastised /tʃæˈstaɪzd/
v. 严厉批评,惩罚(chastise的过去式)
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oaths /əʊðz/
n. 誓言,咒骂语(oath的复数)
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singular /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/
adj. 独特的,非凡的
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freaks /friːks/
n. 怪癖,异常现象(freak的复数)
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tranquillity /træŋˈkwɪləti/
n. 宁静,平静
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coquettish /kɒˈketɪʃ/
adj. 卖弄风情的,妖娆的
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discernment /dɪˈsɜːnmənt/
n. 洞察力,识别力
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sagacious /səˈɡeɪʃəs/
adj. 有远见的,聪明的
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penetration /ˌpenɪˈtreɪʃn/
n. 洞察力,穿透
🔊
detested /dɪˈtestɪd/
v. 憎恨,厌恶(detest的过去式)
🔊 The words which he uttered the most frequently were: "the sensible man," and "nature." He did not give to this last word the grand acceptation which our epoch has accorded to it, but he made it enter, after his own fashion, into his little chimney-corner satires: "Nature," he said, "in order that civilization may have a little of everything, gives it even specimens of its amusing barbarism. Europe possesses specimens of Asia and Africa on a small scale. The cat is a drawing-room tiger, the lizard is a pocket crocodile. The dancers at the opera are pink female savages. They do not eat men, they crunch them; or, magicians that they are, they transform them into oysters and swallow them. The Caribbeans leave only the bones, they leave only the shell. Such are our morals. We do not devour, we gnaw; we do not exterminate, we claw."

他常挂在嘴边的词是“明理之人”和“自然”。他赋予“自然”这个词并非我们这个时代所理解的崇高含义,而是按照他自己的方式,将它纳入他那小小的炉边讽刺中。“自然,”他说,“为了让文明拥有一切,它甚至提供了有趣野蛮的标本。欧洲拥有小规模的亚洲和非洲标本。猫是客厅里的老虎,蜥蜴是口袋里的鳄鱼。歌剧院的舞女是粉红色的女野人。她们不吃人,而是嚼碎他们;或者,身为巫师,她们把人变成牡蛎吞下去。加勒比人只留下骨头,她们只留下壳。这就是我们的道德。我们不吞噬,我们啃咬;我们不灭绝,我们抓挠。”

🔊
uttered /ˈʌtərd/
v. 说,发出声音(utter的过去式)
🔊
sensible /ˈsensəbl/
adj. 明智的,合理的
🔊
acceptation /ˌæksepˈteɪʃn/
n. 含义,接受的意义
🔊
epoch /ˈiːpɒk/
n. 时代,纪元
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accorded /əˈkɔːdɪd/
v. 给予,授予(accord的过去式)
🔊
chimney-corner /ˈtʃɪmni ˌkɔːrnər/
n. 壁炉角落
🔊
satires /ˈsætaɪəz/
n. 讽刺作品(satire的复数)
🔊
civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/
n. 文明
🔊
specimens /ˈspesɪmɪnz/
n. 标本,样品(specimen的复数)
🔊
amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/
adj. 有趣的,逗乐的
🔊
barbarism /ˈbɑːrbərɪzəm/
n. 野蛮,粗鄙
🔊
possesses /pəˈzesɪz/
v. 拥有(possess的第三人称单数)
🔊
drawing-room /ˈdrɔːɪŋ ruːm/
n. 客厅,起居室
🔊
savages /ˈsævɪdʒɪz/
n. 野蛮人(savage的复数)
🔊
crunch /krʌntʃ/
v. 嘎吱作响地咬嚼
🔊
transform /trænsˈfɔːrm/
v. 转变,改造
🔊
oysters /ˈɔɪstəz/
n. 牡蛎(oyster的复数)
🔊
devour /dɪˈvaʊər/
v. 吞食,狼吞虎咽
🔊
gnaw /nɔː/
v. 啃,咬
🔊
exterminate /ɪkˈstɜːrmɪneɪt/
v. 消灭,根除

他酷爱散步。尽管年事已高,他依然步履矫健,常走到圣约翰市场去。他习惯每天到卢森堡公园的花园里转一圈,坐在他选定的长凳上,一连数小时,凝望嬉戏的儿童和雕像。他酷爱读报,大量写作。他有在阅读的书页上作边注的癖好,耳朵后面常夹着一支笔。他非常喜欢戏剧,尤其是歌剧。他是旧派人物,憎恶新学说。他曾是伏尔泰的狂热崇拜者,如今仍然愉快地阅读《亨利亚德》。他憎恶大革命,对皇帝却满怀敬意。他本质上是个好人,但外表乖戾。邻居们都很尊敬他,他也非常乐善好施。他朋友众多,敌人也不少。

🔊
walker /ˈwɔːkər/
n. 步行者,喜欢散步的人
🔊
vigorously /ˈvɪɡərəsli/
adv. 精力充沛地,有力地
🔊
contemplating /ˈkɒntəmpleɪtɪŋ/
v. 沉思,注视(contemplate的现在分词)
🔊
mania /ˈmeɪniə/
n. 狂热,癖好
🔊
marginal /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnl/
adj. 边缘的,旁注的
🔊
doctrines /ˈdɒktrɪnz/
n. 教条,学说(doctrine的复数)
🔊
admirer /ədˈmaɪərər/
n. 崇拜者,仰慕者
🔊
horror /ˈhɒrər/
n. 恐惧,恐怖
🔊
Revolution /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/
n. 革命
🔊
Emperor /ˈempərər/
n. 皇帝
🔊
crabbed /ˈkræbɪd/
adj. 暴躁的,难懂的
🔊
exterior /ɪkˈstɪriər/
n. 外表,外貌
🔊
charitable /ˈtʃærətəbl/
adj. 慈善的,仁慈的
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。