🔊 During the whole of their march from Moscow no fresh orders had been issued by the French authorities concerning the party of prisoners among whom was Pierre. On the twenty-second of October that party was no longer with the same troops and baggage trains with which it had left Moscow. Half the wagons laden with hardtack that had travelled the first stages with them had been captured by Cossacks, the other half had gone on ahead. Not one of those dismounted cavalrymen who had marched in front of the prisoners was left; they had all disappeared. The artillery the prisoners had seen in front of them during the first days was now replaced by Marshal Junot's enormous baggage train, convoyed by Westphalians. Behind the prisoners came a cavalry baggage train.

在他们从莫斯科出发的整个行军途中,法语当局并未对包括皮埃尔在内的这批俘虏下达任何新的指令。到了十月二十二日,这批俘虏已经不再与当初离开莫斯科时同行的部队和辎重车队在一起了。最初几站与他们同行的一半满载干粮的马车已被哥萨克夺走,另一半则已先行离去。那些走在俘虏前面的徒步骑兵一个也不剩了,全都消失了踪影。最初几天俘虏们看到的炮兵,如今已被朱诺元帅由威斯特伐利亚人护送的大批辎重车队所取代。俘虏后面跟着一个骑兵辎重车队。

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laden /ˈleɪdən/

adj. 装满的,负载的➕

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enormous /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

adj. 巨大的,庞大的➕

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convoyed /kənˈvɔɪd/

v. 护送,护航（过去分词）➕

🔊

artillery /ɑːrˈtɪləri/

n. 大炮,炮兵部队➕

🔊 From Vyazma onwards the French army, which had till then moved in three columns, went on as a single group. The symptoms of disorder that Pierre had noticed at their first halting place after leaving Moscow had now reached the utmost limit.

从维亚济马起,原本分三路行进的法语军队,此后便合为一股继续前进。皮埃尔在离开莫斯科后第一个宿营地注意到的混乱迹象,此刻已达到了极点。

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symptoms /ˈsɪmptəmz/

n. 症状；征候➕

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disorder /dɪsˈɔːrdər/

n. 混乱；失调➕

🔊

utmost /ˈʌtmoʊst/

adj. 极度的,最大可能的➕

🔊 The road along which they moved was bordered on both sides by dead horses; ragged men who had fallen behind from various regiments continually changed about, now joining the moving column, now again lagging behind it.

他们所走的道路两旁,随处可见倒毙的马匹；衣衫褴褛、掉队的士兵来自各个团队,不断变换着,时而加入行进的行列,时而又落在后面。

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ragged /ˈræɡɪd/

adj. 褴褛的；参差不齐的➕

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continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/

adv. 持续地,不断地➕

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regiments /ˈredʒɪmənts/

n. 团（军队编制单位）➕

🔊 Several times during the march false alarms had been given and the soldiers of the escort had raised their muskets, fired, and run headlong, crushing one another, but had afterwards reassembled and abused each other for their causeless panic.

行军途中,虚假的警报曾数次响起,护卫队的士兵们端起火枪,胡乱射击,又拼命奔逃,互相拥挤践踏,事后才重新聚拢,彼此责骂方才的无端恐慌。

🔊

headlong /ˈhedlɔːŋ/

adv. 头朝前地；鲁莽地➕

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crushing /ˈkrʌʃɪŋ/

adj. 压碎的；压倒性的➕

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reassembled /ˌriːəˈsembld/

v. 重新集合,再组装➕

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causeless /ˈkɔːzləs/

adj. 无缘无故的,无原因的➕

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abused /əˈbjuːzd/

v. 滥用；辱骂（过去式）➕

🔊 These three groups travelling together--the cavalry stores, the convoy of prisoners, and Junot's baggage train--still constituted a separate and united whole, though each of the groups was rapidly melting away.

这三股结伴同行的人马--骑兵物资、俘虏车队和朱诺的辎重队--虽各自迅速减员,但依旧构成一个分离却又统一的整体。

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constituted /ˈkɑːnstɪtuːtɪd/

v. 构成,组成（过去式）➕

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melting /ˈmeltɪŋ/

v. 融化；消失（现在分词）➕

🔊 Of the artillery baggage train which had consisted of a hundred and twenty wagons, not more than sixty now remained; the rest had been captured or left behind. Some of Junot's wagons also had been captured or abandoned. Three wagons had been raided and robbed by stragglers from Davout's corps. From the talk of the Germans Pierre learnt that a larger guard had been allotted to that baggage train than to the prisoners, and that one of their comrades, a German soldier, had been shot by the marshal's own order because a silver spoon belonging to the marshal had been found in his possession.

原本有一百二十辆马车的炮兵辎重队,如今剩下的不足六十辆；其余的要么被夺走,要么被遗弃。朱诺的一些马车也遭到同样的命运。三辆马车被达武军团的散兵游勇洗劫一空。从日耳曼人的交谈中,皮埃尔得知,分配来保护那支辎重队的卫兵比看管俘虏的还多；他们有一位同伴,一名日耳曼士兵,因被发现藏有元帅的一把银调羹,竟被元帅亲自下令枪决。

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consisted /kənˈsɪstɪd/

v. 由…组成（过去式）➕

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abandoned /əˈbændənd/

v. 放弃；遗弃（过去分词）➕

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raided /reɪdɪd/

v. 突袭；抢劫（过去式）➕

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robbed /rɑːbd/

v. 抢劫（过去式）➕

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stragglers /ˈstræɡlərz/

n. 掉队者；落后者➕

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corps /kɔːr/

n. 军团；部队（单复数同形）➕

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allotted /əˈlɑːtɪd/

v. 分配；拨给（过去分词）➕

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comrades /ˈkɑːmrædz/

n. 同志；伙伴➕

🔊

possession /pəˈzeʃn/

n. 拥有；财产➕

🔊 The group of prisoners had melted away most of all. Of the three hundred and thirty men who had set out from Moscow fewer than a hundred now remained. The prisoners were more burdensome to the escort than even the cavalry saddles or Junot's baggage. They understood that the saddles and Junot's spoon might be of some use, but that cold and hungry soldiers should have to stand and guard equally cold and hungry Russians who froze and lagged behind on the road (in which case the order was to shoot them) was not merely incomprehensible but revolting. And the escort, as if afraid, in the grievous condition they themselves were in, of giving way to the pity they felt for the prisoners and so rendering their own plight still worse, treated them with particular moroseness and severity.

减员最厉害的是俘虏队。从莫斯科出发时的三百三十人,如今已不足一百。对于押送队而言,这些俘虏甚至比骑兵的马鞍或朱诺的行李更令人厌烦。他们明白,马鞍和朱诺的调羹或许还有点用处,但让又冷又饿的士兵去看管同样又冷又饿、在路上冻僵掉队的俄国人（遇到这种情况,命令就是就地枪决）,这不但令人无法理解,更叫人憎恶。而押送队自身处境已十分凄惨,仿佛害怕一旦对俘虏心生怜悯,便会让自己雪上加霜,因此对待他们格外阴郁和严厉。

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burdensome /ˈbɜːrdnsəm/

adj. 沉重的；麻烦的➕

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incomprehensible /ɪnˌkɑːmprɪˈhensəbl/

adj. 无法理解的➕

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revolting /rɪˈvoʊltɪŋ/

adj. 令人作呕的；反叛的➕

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grievous /ˈɡriːvəs/

adj. 痛苦的；严重的➕

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rendering /ˈrendərɪŋ/

v. 致使；提供（现在分词）➕

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plight /plaɪt/

n. 困境,苦境➕

🔊

moroseness /məˈroʊsnəs/

n. 郁闷；乖戾➕

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severity /sɪˈverəti/

n. 严厉；严重性➕

🔊

melted /ˈmeltɪd/

v. 融化；消失（过去式）➕

🔊 At Dorogobuzh while the soldiers of the convoy, after locking the prisoners in a stable, had gone off to pillage their own stores, several of the soldier prisoners tunneled under the wall and ran away, but were recaptured by the French and shot.

在多罗戈布日, 押送的士兵将俘虏锁进马厩后,便去抢劫自家的物资。几名被俘的士兵挖通墙脚逃跑了,但很快被法语人抓回并处决。

🔊

pillage /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

v. 抢劫；掠夺➕

🔊

tunneled /ˈtʌnld/

v. 挖地道（过去式）➕

🔊

recaptured /riːˈkæptʃərd/

v. 重新捕获；夺回（过去分词）➕

🔊 The arrangement adopted when they started, that the officer prisoners should be kept separate from the rest, had long since been abandoned. All who could walk went together, and after the third stage Pierre had rejoined Karataev and the gray-blue bandy-legged dog that had chosen Karataev for its master.

出发时制定的将军官俘虏与其他人分开安置的规定,早已被废弃。所有能走路的人都混在一起。到了第三站,皮埃尔又回到了卡拉塔耶夫和那只认定卡拉塔耶夫为主人的灰蓝色弯腿狗身旁。

🔊

arrangement /əˈreɪndʒmənt/

n. 安排；布置➕

🔊

adopted /əˈdɑːptɪd/

v. 采用；收养（过去分词）➕

🔊

rejoined /riːˈdʒɔɪnd/

v. 重新加入（过去式）➕

🔊

bandy-legged /ˈbændi ˌleɡd/

adj. 罗圈腿的➕

🔊 On the third day after leaving Moscow Karataev again fell ill with the fever he had suffered from in the hospital in Moscow, and as he grew gradually weaker Pierre kept away from him. Pierre did not know why, but since Karataev had begun to grow weaker it had cost him an effort to go near him. When he did so and heard the subdued moaning with which Karataev generally lay down at the halting places, and when he smelt the odour emanating from him which was now stronger than before, Pierre moved farther away and did not think about him.

离开莫斯科后第三天,卡拉塔耶夫再次发起了他曾在莫斯科医院里害过的那种热病。随着他身体日渐衰弱,皮埃尔便有意疏远了他。皮埃尔自己也说不清为什么,但自从卡拉塔耶夫开始衰弱,走近他就成了一件需要努力才能做到的事。每当他靠近,听到卡拉塔耶夫通常躺下休息时发出的低微呻吟,闻到他身上散发出的比以前更浓烈的气味,皮埃尔便会远远走开,不再去想他。

🔊

subdued /səbˈduːd/

adj. 低沉的；被抑制的➕

🔊

moaning /ˈmoʊnɪŋ/

n. 呻吟声；抱怨声➕

🔊

odour /ˈoʊdər/

n. 气味（英式拼写）➕

🔊

emanating /ˈeməneɪtɪŋ/

v. 散发；发出（现在分词）➕

🔊 While imprisoned in the shed Pierre had learnt not with his intellect but with his whole being, by life itself, that man is created for happiness, that happiness is within him, in the satisfaction of simple human needs, and that all unhappiness arises not from privation but from superfluity. And now during these last three weeks of the march he had learnt still another new, consolatory truth--that nothing in this world is terrible. He had learnt that as there is no condition in which man can be happy and entirely free, so there is no condition in which he need be unhappy and lack freedom. He learnt that suffering and freedom have their limits and that those limits are very near together; that the person in a bed of roses with one crumpled petal suffered as keenly as he now, sleeping on the bare damp earth with one side growing chilled while the other was warming; and that when he had put on tight dancing shoes he had suffered just as he did now when he walked with bare feet that were covered with sores--his footgear having long since fallen to pieces. He discovered that when he had married his wife--of his own free will as it had seemed to him--he had been no more free than now when they locked him up at night in a stable. Of all that he himself subsequently termed his sufferings, but which at the time he scarcely felt, the worst was the state of his bare, raw, and scab-covered feet. (The horseflesh was appetising and nourishing, the saltpeter flavour of the gunpowder they used instead of salt was even pleasant; there was no great cold, it was always warm walking in the daytime, and at night there were the campfires; the lice that devoured him warmed his body.) The one thing that was at first hard to bear was his feet.

时,皮埃尔不是用理智,而是用整个身心、用生活本身领悟到:人生来是为了幸福,幸福就在他自身,在于满足简单的自然需求；一切不幸并非来自匮乏,而是来自过剩。而在行军最近这三个星期里,他又领会到一个新的、令人欣慰的真理--这世上没有什么东西是可怕的。他认识到,正如人没有完全幸福和绝对自由的境地,也没有完全不幸和毫无自由的情形。他懂得痛苦和自由都有各自的界限,而且这两个界限非常接近:那个睡在玫瑰花床上、只因一片花瓣褶皱就苦恼不堪的人,与他此刻半边身子冻得冰凉、半边身子开始暖和地睡在光秃潮湿的地上,所感受的痛苦是一样的；他以前穿上紧窄的舞鞋所承受的痛苦,与他现在光着双脚、脚上满是溃烂的伤口（他的鞋子早已破烂不堪）走路时的痛苦,也是一样的。他发现,当初他结婚时--当时他自以为是出于自由意志--他并不比现在被关在马厩里过夜更自由。在他后来称之为痛苦、当时却几乎不曾察觉的一切经历中,最难受的要数他那裸露、磨破、结满痂的双脚。（马肉鲜嫩且有营养,他们用来代替盐的火药带着硝石味,甚至还挺可口；白天的寒冷并不厉害,走路时总是暖和的,夜里则有篝火取暖；那些咬他的虱子还让他身体发热呢。）起初唯一难以忍受的就是他的脚。

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imprisoned /ɪmˈprɪzənd/

v. 监禁；禁锢（过去分词）➕

🔊

intellect /ˈɪntəlekt/

n. 智力；理解力➕

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privation /praɪˈveɪʃn/

n. 匮乏；贫困➕

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superfluity /ˌsuːpərˈfluːəti/

n. 过剩；多余➕

🔊

consolatory /kənˈsɒlətɔri/

adj. 安慰的；慰藉的➕

🔊

crumpled /ˈkrʌmpld/

adj. 皱巴巴的；压皱的➕

🔊

keenly /ˈkiːnli/

adv. 强烈地；敏锐地➕

🔊

subsequently /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/

adv. 随后,后来➕

🔊

termed /tɜːrmd/

v. 称为；把…叫做（过去分词）➕

🔊

scarcely /ˈskersli/

adv. 几乎不；简直没有➕

🔊

devoured /dɪˈvaʊərd/

v. 吞噬；吞食（过去式）➕

🔊

nourishing /ˈnɜːrɪʃɪŋ/

adj. 有营养的；滋养的➕

🔊

appetising /ˈæpɪtaɪzɪŋ/

adj. 开胃的；美味可口的（英式拼写）➕

🔊

flavour /ˈfleɪvər/

n. 味道；风味（英式拼写）➕

🔊 After the second day's march Pierre, having examined his feet by the campfire, thought it would be impossible to walk on them; but when everybody got up he went along, limping, and, when he had warmed up, walked without feeling the pain, though at night his feet were more terrible to look at than before. However, he did not look at them now, but thought of other things.

行军第二天之后,皮埃尔借着篝火检查了双脚,以为再也无法走路了。但当大家起身时,他也一瘸一拐地跟上去,走热了之后,便不觉得疼了,尽管到了夜里,那双脚看上去比之前更可怕。不过,他现在已经不看它们了,只顾想别的事。

🔊

limping /ˈlɪmpɪŋ/

v. 跛行；一瘸一拐地走（现在分词）➕

🔊 Only now did Pierre realise the full strength of life in man and the saving power he has of transferring his attention from one thing to another, which is like the safety valve of a boiler that allows superfluous steam to blow off when the pressure exceeds a certain limit. He did not see and did not hear how they shot the prisoners who lagged behind, though more than a hundred perished in that way. He did not think of Karataev who grew weaker every day and evidently would soon have to share that fate. Still less did Pierre think about himself. The harder his position became and the more terrible the future, the more independent of that position in which he found himself were the joyful and comforting thoughts, memories, and imaginings that came to him.

直到此刻,皮埃尔才真正认识到人身上蕴藏的强大生命力,以及那种将注意力从一件事转移到另一件上的拯救性的权力--这好比锅炉上的安全阀,当气压超过一定限度时,能让多余的蒸汽排出。他没有看见,也没有听见掉队的俘虏被枪决的声音,尽管有上百人就这样死去了。他没有去想日渐衰弱、显然很快也会遭遇同样命运的卡拉塔耶夫。皮埃尔更少想到自己。他的境遇越是艰难,未来越是可怕,他头脑中涌现的欢乐而安慰的思想、回忆和想象,就越是独立于他所处的那个环境。

🔊

transferring /trænsˈfɜːrɪŋ/

v. 转移；调动（现在分词）➕

🔊

safety valve /ˈseɪfti vælv/

n. 安全阀；缓解紧张的方法➕

🔊

boiler /ˈbɔɪlər/

n. 锅炉；热水器➕

🔊

superfluous /suːˈpɜːrfluəs/

adj. 多余的；过剩的➕

🔊

exceeds /ɪkˈsiːdz/

v. 超过（第三人称单数）➕

🔊

perished /ˈperɪʃt/

v. 死亡；消亡（过去式）➕

🔊

evidently /ˈevɪdəntli/

adv. 显然；明显地➕

🔊

imaginings /ɪˈmædʒɪnɪŋz/

n. 想象；幻想（复数）➕

Book Fourteen: 1812 – Chapter twelve (第十二章)

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