🔊 From the time he received this news to the end of the campaign all Kutuzov's activity was directed towards restraining his troops, by authority, by guile, and by entreaty, from useless attacks, manoeuvres, or encounters with the perishing enemy. Dokhturov went to Malo-Yaroslavets, but Kutuzov lingered with the main army and gave orders for the evacuation of Kaluga--a retreat beyond which town seemed to him quite possible.

自从他接到这个消息直到战役结束,库图佐夫的全部活动就是凭借权威、计谋和恳求,约束他的部队,使其不要对垂死的敌人进行无益的进攻、调遣或遭遇战。多赫图罗夫去了小雅罗斯拉韦茨,但库图佐夫却率领主力部队滞留在那里,并下令撤离卡卢加--在他看来,撤退到这座城镇以外是相当可行的。

🔊

campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/

n. 战役；活动➕

🔊

restraining /rɪˈstreɪnɪŋ/

v. 抑制➕

🔊

authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/

n. 权威➕

🔊

guile /ɡaɪl/

n. 诡计➕

🔊

entreaty /ɪnˈtriːti/

n. 恳求➕

🔊

perishing /ˈperɪʃɪŋ/

adj. 极冷的；毁灭性的➕

🔊

lingered /ˈlɪŋɡəd/

v. 逗留➕

🔊

evacuation /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃn/

n. 撤离➕

🔊

retreat /rɪˈtriːt/

n. 撤退➕

🔊

manoeuvres /məˈnuːvəz/

n. 演习；策略➕

🔊 Everywhere Kutuzov retreated, but the enemy without waiting for his retreat fled in the opposite direction.

库图佐夫处处撤退,但敌人不等他撤退,却朝相反的方向逃跑了。

🔊

retreated /rɪˈtriːtɪd/

v. 撤退（过去式）➕

🔊 Napoleon's historians describe to us his skilled manoeuvres at Tarutino and Malo-Yaroslavets, and make conjectures as to what would have happened had Napoleon been in time to penetrate into the rich southern provinces.

拿破仑的历史学家向我们描述他在塔鲁季诺和小雅罗斯拉韦茨的精妙调遣,并推测如果拿破仑及时深入富庶的南部省份,情况会怎样。

🔊

historians /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

n. 历史学家（复数）➕

🔊

skilled /skɪld/

adj. 熟练的➕

🔊

conjectures /kənˈdʒektʃəz/

n. 推测（复数）➕

🔊

penetrate /ˈpenɪtreɪt/

v. 穿透；进入➕

🔊

provinces /ˈprɒvɪnsɪz/

n. 省份（复数）➕

🔊 But not to speak of the fact that nothing prevented him from advancing into those southern provinces (for the Russian army did not bar his way), the historians forget that nothing could have saved his army, for then already it bore within itself the germs of inevitable ruin. How could that army--which had found abundant supplies in Moscow and had trampled them underfoot instead of keeping them, and on arriving at Smolensk had looted provisions instead of storing them--how could that army recuperate in Kaluga province, which was inhabited by Russians such as those who lived in Moscow, and where fire had the same property of consuming what was set ablaze?

但且不说没有任何东西阻止他向那些南部省份推进（因为俄国军队并未阻挡他的去路）,历史学家们忘记了,没有任何东西能挽救他的军队,因为那时它自身已经孕育着不可避免的毁灭的萌芽。这支军队--曾在莫斯科找到大量给养却将其踩在脚下而不是保存起来,到达斯摩棱斯克时又抢劫物资而不知储存--又如何能在卡卢加省恢复元气呢？那里居住的俄国人与莫斯科的居民无异,而且火同样具有烧毁一切被点燃之物的特性。

🔊

prevented /prɪˈventɪd/

v. 阻止（过去式）➕

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advancing /ədˈvɑːnsɪŋ/

v. 推进（现在分词/动名词）➕

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bar /bɑː(r)/

v. 阻挡➕

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bore /bɔː(r)/

v. 携带（bear的过去式）➕

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germs /dʒɜːmz/

n. 病菌➕

🔊

inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/

adj. 不可避免的➕

🔊

ruin /ˈruːɪn/

n. 毁灭➕

🔊

abundant /əˈbʌndənt/

adj. 丰富的➕

🔊

trampled /ˈtræmpld/

v. 践踏（过去式）➕

🔊

underfoot /ˌʌndəˈfʊt/

adv. 在脚下➕

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looted /ˈluːtɪd/

v. 抢劫（过去式）➕

🔊

provisions /prəˈvɪʒnz/

n. 供应品；粮食➕

🔊

recuperate /rɪˈkuːpəreɪt/

v. 恢复➕

🔊

inhabited /ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/

v. 居住（过去式/分词）➕

🔊

property /ˈprɒpəti/

n. 财产；特性➕

🔊

consuming /kənˈsjuːmɪŋ/

v. 消耗（现在分词/动名词）➕

🔊

ablaze /əˈbleɪz/

adj. 着火的；闪耀的➕

🔊 That army could not recover anywhere. Since the battle of Borodino and the pillage of Moscow it had borne within itself, as it were, the chemical elements of dissolution.

那支军队无论在哪里都无法恢复。自从博罗季诺战役和莫斯科被洗劫以来,它内部便已蕴含着,可以说是化学意义上的瓦解因素。

🔊

recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/

v. 恢复➕

🔊

pillage /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

n. 掠夺➕

🔊

borne /bɔːn/

v. 承担（bear的过去分词）➕

🔊

chemical /ˈkemɪkl/

adj. 化学的➕

🔊

dissolution /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn/

n. 瓦解；溶解➕

🔊 The members of what had once been an army--Napoleon himself and all his soldiers--fled without knowing whither, each concerned only to make his escape as quickly as possible from this position, of the hopelessness of which they were all more or less vaguely conscious. So it came about that at the council at Malo-Yaroslavets, when the generals pretending to confer together expressed various opinions, all mouths were closed by the opinion uttered by the simple-minded soldier Mouton who, speaking last, said what they all felt: that the one thing needful was to get away as quickly as possible; and no one, not even Napoleon, could say anything against that truth which they all recognised.

曾经是一支军队的成员--拿破仑本人和他的所有士兵--都不知所措地逃窜,每个人只关心如何尽快脱离这个令他们都或多或少模糊地意识到其无望的处境。于是,在小雅罗斯拉韦茨的军事会议上,当将军们假装商议而各抒己见时,所有发言都被头脑简单的士兵穆顿的意见所终结；他最后发言,说出了大家的心声:当务之急就是尽快离开；而没有人,甚至包括拿破仑在内,能对这一公认的事实提出异议。

🔊

fled /fled/

v. 逃跑（flee的过去式）➕

🔊

whither /ˈwɪðə(r)/

adv. 到哪里（古语）➕

🔊

hopelessness /ˈhəʊpləsnəs/

n. 绝望➕

🔊

vaguely /ˈveɪɡli/

adv. 模糊地➕

🔊

conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/

adj. 有意识的；清醒的➕

🔊

council /ˈkaʊnsl/

n. 委员会；会议➕

🔊

confer /kənˈfɜː(r)/

v. 商议；授予➕

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uttered /ˈʌtəd/

v. 说出（过去式）➕

🔊

simple-minded /ˈsɪmpl ˈmaɪndɪd/

adj. 头脑简单的➕

🔊

needful /ˈniːdfl/

adj. 必要的➕

🔊

recognised /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

v. 认出；承认（过去式）➕

🔊 But though they all realised that it was necessary to get away, there still remained a feeling of shame at admitting that they must flee. An external shock was needed to overcome that shame, and this shock came in due time. It was what the French called "le hourra de l'Empereur."

然而尽管他们都意识到必须离开,但在承认必须逃跑时仍然感到羞耻。需要一种外部的冲击来克服这种羞耻感,而这冲击适时地到来了。这就是法语所谓的“皇帝的乌拉”。

🔊

shame /ʃeɪm/

n. 羞耻➕

🔊

admitting /ədˈmɪtɪŋ/

v. 承认（动名词）➕

🔊

external /ɪkˈstɜːnl/

adj. 外部的➕

🔊

shock /ʃɒk/

n. 震惊；冲击➕

🔊

overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/

v. 克服➕

🔊 The day after the council at Malo-Yaroslavets Napoleon rode out early in the morning amid the lines of his army with his suite of marshals and an escort, on the pretext of inspecting the army and the scene of the previous and of the impending battle. Some Cossacks on the prowl for booty fell in with the Emperor and very nearly captured him. If the Cossacks did not capture Napoleon then, what saved him was the very thing that was destroying the French army, the booty on which the Cossacks fell. Here as at Tarutino they went after plunder, leaving the men. Disregarding Napoleon they rushed after the plunder and Napoleon managed to escape. When les enfants du Don might so easily have taken the Emperor himself in the midst of his army, it was clear that there was nothing for it but to fly as fast as possible along the nearest, familiar road. Napoleon with his forty-year-old stomach understood that hint, not feeling his former agility and boldness, and under the influence of the fright the Cossacks had given him he at once agreed with Mouton and issued orders--as the historians tell us--to retreat by the Smolensk road. That Napoleon agreed with Mouton, and that the army retreated, does not prove that Napoleon caused it to retreat, but that the forces which influenced the whole army and directed it along the Mozhaysk (that is, the Smolensk) road acted simultaneously on him also.

在小雅罗斯拉韦茨军事会议后的第二天,拿破仑一清早就带着他的元帅随从和卫队巡视部队,借口是检阅军队以及前一天和即将来临的战场。一些巡逻搜掠战利品的哥萨克遇上了皇帝,险些将他擒获。如果当时哥萨克没有抓住拿破仑,那么救了他的正是摧毁法国军队的那个东西--哥萨克扑向的战利品。在这里,如同在塔鲁季诺一样,他们只顾追抢劫掠,放过了人。他们不顾拿破仑,冲向战利品,于是拿破仑得以逃脱。当顿河的孩子本可轻易地在军队中俘虏皇帝本人时,显然除了沿着最近、最熟悉的路尽快逃命外别无他法。拿破仑凭着他那四十岁的肚子领悟了这个暗示,感到自己已失去昔日的灵活和胆量,在哥萨克给他的惊吓之下,他立刻同意了穆顿的意见,并像历史学家告诉我们的那样,下令沿斯摩棱斯克的道路撤退。拿破仑同意穆顿的意见,以及军队撤退,并不证明是拿破仑导致了撤退,而是那影响整个军队并引导它沿莫扎伊斯克（即斯摩棱斯克）道路行进的力量,也同时作用于他本人。

🔊

suite /swiːt/

n. 随从；套房➕

🔊

marshals /ˈmɑːʃlz/

n. 元帅（复数）➕

🔊

escort /ˈeskɔːt/

n. 护卫➕

🔊

pretext /ˈpriːtekst/

n. 借口➕

🔊

inspecting /ɪnˈspektɪŋ/

v. 检查（现在分词）➕

🔊

impending /ɪmˈpendɪŋ/

adj. 即将发生的➕

🔊

prowl /praʊl/

n. 潜伏；巡行➕

🔊

booty /ˈbuːti/

n. 战利品➕

🔊

plunder /ˈplʌndə(r)/

n. 掠夺物；掠夺➕

🔊

disregarding /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːdɪŋ/

v. 忽视（现在分词）➕

🔊

agility /əˈdʒɪləti/

n. 敏捷➕

🔊

boldness /ˈbəʊldnəs/

n. 大胆➕

🔊

fright /fraɪt/

n. 惊吓➕

🔊

issued /ˈɪʃuːd/

v. 发出（过去式）➕

🔊

influenced /ˈɪnfluənst/

v. 影响（过去式）➕

🔊

simultaneously /ˌsɪməlˈteɪniəsli/

adv. 同时地➕

Book Thirteen: 1812 – Chapter eighteen (第十八章)

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