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Chapter five: Solitude (第五章 独处)

探索《瓦尔登湖》第5章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇解析以及英文原声音频。边听边学,提升阅读技巧。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

这是一个美妙的黄昏,躯体浑然一体,欢愉透过每个毛孔畅饮。我以大自然一分子的身份在其间徜徉来去,享有奇异的自由。我挽着衬衫袖子,沿着池塘的石岸漫步,天气阴凉,多云有风,虽未见特别景致引人,一切元素却与我异常投契。牛蛙鼓噪,宣告夜色降临;三声夜鹰的啼鸣,乘着粼粼水波上的微风传来。与那颤动的赤杨叶和白杨叶共感,几乎令我窒息;然而,我的宁静宛如这湖水,起了涟漪却并未搅乱。晚风拂起的细波,距风暴之狂暴,如同平滑如镜的水面一样遥远。此刻虽已入夜,风仍在林中呼啸,浪涛依旧拍岸,一些生灵以其鸣唱抚慰着其余。安息从不彻底。最狂野的野兽并不安歇,此刻正寻觅猎物;狐狸、臭鼬、野兔,正无畏地漫游于田野林间。它们是自然的守望者--串联起生机勃勃之岁月的链环。

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imbibes /ɪmˈbaɪbz/
v. 吸收,接受(思想、感受等);饮,喝
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congenial /kənˈdʒiːniəl/
adj. 意气相投的;适意的,合意的
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trump /trʌmp/
v. (喇叭等)吹响,发出嘟嘟声
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usher in /ˈʌʃər ɪn/
v. phrase. 引进,开创,宣告…的到来
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whippoorwill /ˈwɪpərwɪl/
n. 三声夜鹰(一种北美夜行鸟)
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rippling /ˈrɪplɪŋ/
adj. 起涟漪的,波动的
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fluttering /ˈflʌtərɪŋ/
adj. 飘动的,飘扬的;悸动的
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serenity /səˈrenəti/
n. 平静,宁静
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ruffled /ˈrʌfld/
adj. 被扰乱的;起皱的

当我回到屋内,发现曾有访客来过,并留下了他们的名片--或是一束花,或是一个常青藤环,或是用铅笔写在一片黄胡桃叶或木片上的名字。那些难得造访森林的人,途中会折取一小片林地握在手中把玩,而后有意或无意地留下。有人剥了根柳条,编成环,丢在我的桌上。我总能辨出是否有客人在我不在时造访,或是通过弯折的细枝或草茎,或是通过鞋印,并且通常能依据些微痕迹--如掉落的一朵花,或是一把拔下又丢弃的草--推断出他们的性别、年龄或品性,即使远在半英里外的铁路上亦能感知;或凭雪茄或烟斗残留的缭绕气息得知。不仅如此,我甚至常常仅凭行人烟斗的气味,便知晓六十杆外的公路上有人经过。

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wreath /riːθ/
n. 花环,花圈
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evergreen /ˈevəɡriːn/
n. 常绿植物;常青树
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walnut /ˈwɔːlnʌt/
n. 胡桃,胡桃木
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peeled /piːld/
v. 剥皮,去皮(过去分词)
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wand /wɒnd/
n. 细枝,嫩枝;魔杖
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woven /ˈwəʊvən/
v. 编织(过去分词)
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lingering /ˈlɪŋɡərɪŋ/
adj. 徘徊的,迟迟不去的;持久的
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odor /ˈəʊdə(r)/
n. 气味(尤指不好的气味)
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rods /rɒdz/
n. 杆;竿;长度单位(约5.5码或5米)(复数)
🔊 There is commonly sufficient space about us. Our horizon is never quite at our elbows. The thick wood is not just at our door, nor the pond, but somewhat is always clearing, familiar and worn by us, appropriated and fenced in some way, and reclaimed from Nature. For what reason have I this vast range and circuit, some square miles of unfrequented forest, for my privacy, abandoned to me by men? My nearest neighbor is a mile distant, and no house is visible from any place but the hill-tops within half a mile of my own. I have my horizon bounded by woods all to myself; a distant view of the railroad where it touches the pond on the one hand, and of the fence which skirts the woodland road on the other. But for the most part it is as solitary where I live as on the prairies. It is as much Asia or Africa as New England. I have, as it were, my own sun and moon and stars, and a little world all to myself. At night there is never a traveller passed my house, or knocked at my door, more than if I were the first or last man; unless it were in the spring, when at long intervals some came from the village to fish for pouts - they plainly fished much more in the Walden Pond of their own natures, and baited their hooks with darkness - but they soon retreated, usually with light baskets, and left "the world to darkness and to me," and the black kernel of the night was never profaned by any human neighborhood. I believe that men are generally still a little afraid of the dark, though the witches are all hung, and Christianity and candles have been introduced.

我们周遭通常有足够的空间。我们的地平线从不近在咫尺。密林不在门前,池塘亦非触手可及,但总有一片被我们清理、熟悉、踩踏过的土地,以某种方式划归己用,圈以篱笆,从自然中开垦出来。我凭何拥有这广阔的天地,这数平方英里人迹罕至的森林,作为我的私密领地,被人们全然遗弃给我?我最近的邻居在一英里之外,除了我自己家半英里内的山顶,从任何地方都望不见屋舍。我有完全属于自己的、以树林为界的地平线;一边能望见铁路触及池塘的远景,另一边则是林间道路旁蜿蜒的篱笆。但大多数时候,我居住之地的孤寂不亚于大草原。它既是新英格兰,亦是亚洲或非洲。我仿佛拥有自己的太阳、月亮和星辰,拥有一个完全属于我的小小世界。夜晚从无旅人经过我的屋舍,或叩响我的门扉,仿佛我是这世上的第一人,亦是最后一人;除非在春天,偶尔会有村民从远处来钓鮈鱼--他们分明更多地是在垂钓自身天性中的瓦尔登湖,且以黑暗为饵--但他们很快便退去,通常提着空篮,留下“世界归于黑暗与我”,而黑夜那黑色的内核,从未因任何人类的邻近而遭受亵渎。我相信人们大体上仍有些惧怕黑暗,尽管巫婆们早已被绞死,基督教与蜡烛也已传入。

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appropriated /əˈprəʊprieɪtɪd/
v. 占用,盗用,挪用(过去分词)
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reclaimed /rɪˈkleɪmd/
v. 开垦(土地);回收利用;要求归还(过去分词)
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unfrequented /ˌʌnˈfriːkwəntɪd/
adj. 人迹罕至的,冷僻的
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privacy /ˈprɪvəsi/
n. 隐私;独处
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bounded /ˈbaʊndɪd/
v. 以…为界,邻接(过去分词)
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solitary /ˈsɒlətri/
adj. 孤独的,独自的;单个的
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prairies /ˈpreəriz/
n. 大草原(复数)
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pouts /paʊts/
n. 一种美洲鮰鱼(复数)
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baited /ˈbeɪtɪd/
v. 装饵于;故意激怒(过去分词)
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kernel /ˈkɜːnl/
n. 核,仁;核心,要点
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profaned /prəˈfeɪnd/
v. 亵渎,玷污(过去分词)
🔊 Yet I experienced sometimes that the most sweet and tender, the most innocent and encouraging society may be found in any natural object, even for the poor misanthrope and most melancholy man. There can be no very black melancholy to him who lives in the midst of Nature and has his senses still. There was never yet such a storm but it was Æolian music to a healthy and innocent ear. Nothing can rightly compel a simple and brave man to a vulgar sadness. While I enjoy the friendship of the seasons I trust that nothing can make life a burden to me. The gentle rain which waters my beans and keeps me in the house today is not drear and melancholy, but good for me too. Though it prevents my hoeing them, it is of far more worth than my hoeing. If it should continue so long as to cause the seeds to rot in the ground and destroy the potatoes in the low lands, it would still be good for the grass on the uplands, and, being good for the grass, it would be good for me. Sometimes, when I compare myself with other men, it seems as if I were more favored by the gods than they, beyond any deserts that I am conscious of; as if I had a warrant and surety at their hands which my fellows have not, and were especially guided and guarded. I do not flatter myself, but if it be possible they flatter me. I have never felt lonesome, or in the least oppressed by a sense of solitude, but once, and that was a few weeks after I came to the woods, when, for an hour, I doubted if the near neighborhood of man was not essential to a serene and healthy life. To be alone was something unpleasant. But I was at the same time conscious of a slight insanity in my mood, and seemed to foresee my recovery. In the midst of a gentle rain while these thoughts prevailed, I was suddenly sensible of such sweet and beneficent society in Nature, in the very pattering of the drops, and in every sound and sight around my house, an infinite and unaccountable friendliness all at once like an atmosphere sustaining me, as made the fancied advantages of human neighborhood insignificant, and I have never thought of them since. Every little pine needle expanded and swelled with sympathy and befriended me. I was so distinctly made aware of the presence of something kindred to me, even in scenes which we are accustomed to call wild and dreary, and also that the nearest of blood to me and humanest was not a person nor a villager, that I thought no place could ever be strange to me again.

然而,我有时体验到,最甜美温柔、最纯真而鼓舞人心的陪伴,可在任何自然物中找到,即便对可怜的厌世者和最忧郁的人亦是如此。一个生活在自然之中、感官依然健全的人,不可能陷入深重的忧郁。无论怎样的风暴,对于一只健康而纯真的耳朵,皆为风神的音乐。没有什么能正当地迫使一个简单而勇敢的人陷入庸俗的悲伤。当我享受着四季的友谊,我深信没有什么能让生活成为我的负担。今日滋润我的豆子、将我留在家中的那场细雨,并不阴郁凄凉,对我同样大有裨益。虽然它阻碍了我锄地,其价值却远胜我的劳作。即便它持续过久,以致种子烂在地里,毁坏了低地的土豆,它对高地上的草依然有益,而既然对草有益,也就是对我有益。有时,我将自己与他人相比较,似乎我比他们更受诸神眷顾,远超出我自知的任何功德;仿佛我握有他们所没有的凭证与担保,因而得到特别的指引与守护。我并非自诩,但若有可能,倒是它们在抬举我。我从未感到寂寞,也丝毫不为孤独感所压迫,唯有一次例外,那是在我来到林中数周之后,有那么一个钟头,我怀疑是否近人的邻里才是宁静健康生活所必需。独处令人不适。但与此同时,我觉察到自己心绪中有一丝轻微的迷乱,并似乎预见了自己的康复。当这些思绪萦绕之际,置身柔和的细雨中,我蓦然感受到自然中一种如此甜蜜而仁慈的陪伴,在那滴滴答答的雨声里,在我房屋周围的每一处声响与景象中,一种无限而难以言喻的友善,如同大气般瞬间将我托举,使得我先前想象的人类邻里的种种好处变得无足轻重,此后我再未念及它们。每一根小小的松针都因同情而舒展、鼓胀,与我为友。我如此清晰地意识到某种与我亲缘之物的存在,即便在我们惯称蛮荒凄凉的景象中亦然;并且领悟到,与我血缘最近、最富人性的,并非某个人或某个村民,因此我想,世间再没有任何地方能令我感到陌生了。

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misanthrope /ˈmɪsənθrəʊp/
n. 厌世者,厌恶人类者
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melancholy /ˈmelənkəli/
adj. 忧郁的,悲伤的
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Æolian /iːˈəʊliən/
adj. 风神的;风吹成的;(音乐)风吹奏的
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vulgar /ˈvʌlɡə(r)/
adj. 庸俗的,粗俗的;平民的
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dreary /ˈdrɪəri/
adj. 沉闷的,阴郁的,枯燥的
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warrant /ˈwɒrənt/
n. 授权令,许可证;正当理由,依据
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surety /ˈʃʊərəti/
n. 保证,担保;担保人
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beneficent /bəˈnefɪsnt/
adj. 行善的,慈善的;有益的
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unaccountable /ˌʌnəˈkaʊntəbl/
adj. 无法解释的;不负责任的
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kindred /ˈkɪndrəd/
adj. 同类的,类似的;有血缘关系的

“哀恸噬蚀悲伤的人,为时过早;他们在人世的日子苦短,托斯卡美丽的女儿。”

🔊 Some of my pleasantest hours were during the long rain storms in the spring or fall, which confined me to the house for the afternoon as well as the forenoon, soothed by their ceaseless roar and pelting; when an early twilight ushered in a long evening in which many thoughts had time to take root and unfold themselves. In those driving northeast rains which tried the village houses so, when the maids stood ready with mop and pail in front entries to keep the deluge out, I sat behind my door in my little house, which was all entry, and thoroughly enjoyed its protection. In one heavy thunder shower the lightning struck a large pitch pine across the pond, making a very conspicuous and perfectly regular spiral groove from top to bottom, an inch or more deep, and four or five inches wide, as you would groove a walking-stick. I passed it again the other day, and was struck with awe on looking up and beholding that mark, now more distinct than ever, where a terrific and resistless bolt came down out of the harmless sky eight years ago. Men frequently say to me, "I should think you would feel lonesome down there, and want to be nearer to folks, rainy and snowy days and nights especially." I am tempted to reply to such - This whole earth which we inhabit is but a point in space. How far apart, think you, dwell the two most distant inhabitants of yonder star, the breadth of whose disk cannot be appreciated by our instruments? Why should I feel lonely? is not our planet in the Milky Way? This which you put seems to me not to be the most important question. What sort of space is that which separates a man from his fellows and makes him solitary? I have found that no exertion of the legs can bring two minds much nearer to one another. What do we want most to dwell near to? Not to many men surely, the depot, the post-office, the bar-room, the meeting-house, the school-house, the grocery, Beacon Hill, or the Five Points, where men most congregate, but to the perennial source of our life, whence in all our experience we have found that to issue, as the willow stands near the water and sends out its roots in that direction. This will vary with different natures, but this is the place where a wise man will dig his cellar.... I one evening overtook one of my townsmen, who has accumulated what is called "a handsome property" - though I never got a fair view of it - on the Walden road, driving a pair of cattle to market, who inquired of me how I could bring my mind to give up so many of the comforts of life. I answered that I was very sure I liked it passably well; I was not joking. And so I went home to my bed, and left him to pick his way through the darkness and the mud to Brighton - or Bright-town - which place he would reach some time in the morning.

我一些最愉快的时光,是在春秋之际漫长的暴风雨期间度过的。风雨将我困在屋内,午后乃至整个上午皆然,沉浸于它们无休止的咆哮与拍打声中,我深感慰藉;早早降临的暮色引出一个漫长的夜晚,许多思绪得以生根舒展。在那肆虐的东北雨中,村庄的屋舍备受考验,女仆们手持拖把水桶守在前厅门口,以防洪水涌入,而我则坐在我那门户洞开的小屋门后,尽情享受它的庇护。一次猛烈的雷雨中,闪电击中了池塘对岸一棵高大的脂松,从上到下劈出一道异常醒目、极其规则的螺旋形凹槽,深一寸有余,宽四五寸,宛若手杖上雕琢的沟纹。前些天我又经过那里,抬头望见那道痕迹,敬畏之情油然而生--它如今比以往任何时候都更加清晰--八年前,一道可怖而无匹的霹雳正是从那看似无害的天空击落于此。人们常对我说:“我想你在那儿定会感到寂寞,想要离人群近些,尤其是在雨雪交加的日子和夜晚。”我不禁想这样回答--我们所栖居的这整个地球,不过是太空中的一个点。你想,那颗星辰上距离最远的两位居民,彼此相隔多远?我们的仪器甚至无法测度其盘面的宽度。我为何要感到孤独?我们的星球不也在银河之中吗?你提出的问题,在我看来并非最要紧的。究竟是何等样的空间,将一个人与他的同类隔开,令他变得孤寂?我发现,腿脚再如何奔波,也无法让两颗心灵彼此贴近。我们最愿毗邻而居的是什么?自然不是许多人,不是车站、邮局、酒吧、会堂、校舍、杂货店、灯塔山,或五点区那些人潮汇聚之地,而是我们生命那永恒的源泉,那是我们一切经验中生命得以涌流之处,正如柳树临水而生,将根须伸向那个方向。这因天性而异,但智者将在此处挖掘他的地窖。……一天傍晚,我在瓦尔登湖路上赶上了一位同镇人,他正赶着一对牛去集市,据说积攒了“一笔可观的财产”--虽然我从未看清过--他问我,如何能下定决心舍弃这许多生活的安逸。我答道,我非常确定我相当喜欢目前这样;我并非说笑。于是我便回家就寝,留他在黑暗与泥泞中摸索前往布莱顿--或称光明镇--那地方他大概要翌日清晨才能抵达。

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forenoon /ˈfɔːnuːn/
n. 上午,午前
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soothed /suːðd/
v. 使平静,安慰,缓解(过去分词)
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pelting /ˈpeltɪŋ/
n. (雨等)猛降,倾泻
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ushered /ˈʌʃəd/
v. 引导,引领(过去分词)
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deluge /ˈdeljuːdʒ/
n. 洪水,暴雨;大量涌入的事物
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conspicuous /kənˈspɪkjuəs/
adj. 显眼的,明显的
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spiral /ˈspaɪrəl/
adj. 螺旋形的
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groove /ɡruːv/
n. 沟,槽;常规,习惯
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resistless /rɪˈzɪstləs/
adj. 不可抵抗的,无法抗拒的
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bolt /bəʊlt/
n. 闪电,霹雳;螺栓;门闩
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appreciated /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/
v. 欣赏,感激;理解,领会(过去分词)
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perennial /pəˈreniəl/
adj. 多年生的;长期的,持久的
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congregate /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt/
v. 聚集,集合
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overtook /ˌəʊvəˈtʊk/
v. 赶上,超过;突然降临于(过去式)
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passably /ˈpɑːsəbli/
adv. 尚可地,过得去地

对死人而言,任何苏醒或复活的希望,都使得所有时间与地点变得无关紧要。此事可能发生之地总是同一所在,且对我们一切感官而言,都难以言喻地愉悦。大多时候,我们只允许那些外围的、转瞬即逝的环境来制造我们的机缘。事实上,它们正是我们心神涣散的缘由。离万物最近的,是塑造其存在的那种力量。其次,最宏大的法则正持续不断地在我们身边执行。再次,离我们最近的,并非我们雇来、乐于与之交谈的工匠,而是我们所从事的工作本身。

🔊
indifferent /ɪnˈdɪfrənt/
adj. 漠不关心的,冷淡的;一般的,平庸的
🔊
outlying /ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ/
adj. 边远的,偏僻的
🔊
transient /ˈtrænziənt/
adj. 短暂的,瞬息的;临时的
🔊
distraction /dɪˈstrækʃn/
n. 分心,注意力分散;娱乐,消遣

“天地精微之力,其影响何等浩瀚深邃!”

🔊
subtile /ˈsʌt(ə)l/
adj. (古语或诗语)微妙的,精细的;敏锐的
🔊 "We seek to perceive them, and we do not see them; we seek to hear them, and we do not hear them; identified with the substance of things, they cannot be separated from them."

“我们欲感知它们,却视而不见;我们欲聆听它们,却听而不闻;它们与物之本质浑然一体,无法分离。”

🔊
perceive /pərˈsiːv/
v. 感知;察觉
🔊
identified /aɪˈdentɪfaɪd/
v. 使等同于;辨认出
🔊
substance /ˈsʌbstəns/
n. 物质;实质
🔊
separated /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/
v. 使分离;分开

“它们使得全宇宙的人们净化并圣洁其心灵,身着节日盛装,向祖先献上祭品与供奉。此乃一片精微灵智之海。它们无处不在,在我们之上,在我们左右;它们从四面八方环绕着我们。”

🔊
purify /ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ/
v. 使纯净,净化;涤罪
🔊
sanctify /ˈsæŋktɪfaɪ/
v. 使神圣化,使圣洁;认可,批准
🔊
oblations /əˈbleɪʃ(ə)nz/
n. 祭品,供物(复数)
🔊
environ /ɪnˈvaɪrən/
v. 环绕,包围(古语或诗语)

我们是一场实验的对象,这场实验对我而言不乏兴味。在此情境下,难道我们不能暂离那些闲谈的伙伴--让我们自己的思想来鼓舞自己吗?孔子所言不虚:“德不孤,必有邻。”

🔊
gossips /ˈɡɒsɪps/
n. 爱闲聊的人,搬弄是非者;闲话(复数)

通过思考,我们或能在神智清明的意义上超然物外。凭借有意识的努力,我们可以超脱于行为及其后果;于是,万事万物,无论好坏,都如洪流般从我们身旁掠过。我们并未全然卷入自然。我或许是溪流中的浮木,亦可是天空中俯视它的因陀罗。我或许会为一出戏剧表演所打动;反之,我也可能对一件看似与我休戚相关的真实事件无动于衷。我只知道自己作为一个人格实体存在;可以说,是思想与情感的舞台;并且我察觉到一种双重性,借此我可以像旁观他人一样旁观自己。无论我的体验多么强烈,我都意识到自身一部分的在场与评判,它仿佛并非我的一部分,而是一个旁观者,不分享体验,却记录着它;而那个旁观者,它不比我更是你。当人生的戏剧--或许是悲剧--落幕,旁观者便径自离去。就他而言,这只是一场虚构,纯然是想象的产物。这种双重性有时易使我们沦为糟糕的邻人与朋友。

🔊
entity /ˈentəti/
n. 实体,独立存在物
🔊
doubleness /ˈdʌblnəs/
n. 双重性,二重性
🔊
spectator /spekˈteɪtə(r)/
n. 观众,旁观者
🔊
fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/
n. 小说;虚构的事

我发现,大部分时间独处是有益身心的。与人相处,即便是最好的伙伴,也很快会令人厌倦、精力涣散。我热爱独处。我从未找到比孤独更宜人的伴侣。我们大多时候,置身国外人群之中,比留在自己房内更加孤独。一个思考或工作的人,无论身在何处,总是孤独的。孤独并非以人与人之间相隔的空间里数来衡量。剑桥学院那拥挤蜂巢中真正勤奋的学生,其孤独不亚于沙漠中的托钵僧。农夫可独自在田野或树林里劳作终日,锄地砍伐,而不觉寂寞,因为他有事可做;但当他夜晚归家,却无法独坐房中,任由思绪摆布,而必须去到能“看见人”的地方,消遣娱乐,并且,在他看来,以此补偿白日的孤独;因此他纳闷,学生如何能独自坐在屋内大半日加整夜,而不感到厌倦与“忧郁”;但他未意识到,学生虽身在屋内,却仍在自己的田野里工作,在自己的树林中砍伐,如同农夫在其田地一样,并且反过来也寻求与后者同样的娱乐与社交,尽管可能是更为凝练的形式。

🔊
wholesome /ˈhəʊlsəm/
adj. 有益健康的;有益的
🔊
dissipating /ˈdɪsɪpeɪtɪŋ/
adj. 消耗的,消散的
🔊
companionable /kəmˈpæniənəbl/
adj. 友善的,好交往的
🔊
intervene /ˌɪntəˈviːn/
v. 介入,干预;发生于其间
🔊
diligent /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/
adj. 勤奋的,勤勉的
🔊
dervish /ˈdɜːvɪʃ/
n. (伊斯兰教)苦行僧,托钵僧
🔊
ennui /ɒnˈwiː/
n. 倦怠,厌倦

社交往往太过廉价。我们以极短的间隔会面,无暇从彼此身上汲取任何新的价值。我们一日三餐都会面,互相品尝我们这陈腐霉酪般人物的滋味。我们不得不约定一套被称为礼仪与礼貌的规则,好让这频繁的会面尚可容忍,免得我们公开开战。我们在邮局碰面,在社交聚会上碰面,每晚在炉火边碰面;我们住得过于密集,互相妨碍,彼此绊跌,我想我们因此丧失了一些对彼此的尊重。当然,更少的会面频率也足以进行所有重要而诚挚的交流。想想工厂里的女孩吧--她们从未独处,连在梦中都几乎不能。倘若每平方英里只住一人,如同我居住之地,或许会更好。一个人的价值不在其肤表,我们不必非得触摸他。

🔊
etiquette /ˈetɪket/
n. 礼仪,礼节
🔊
tolerable /ˈtɒlərəbl/
adj. 可忍受的,尚可的
🔊
sociable /ˈsəʊʃəbl/
n. 联谊会,社交聚会
🔊
suffice /səˈfaɪs/
v. 足够,足以

我听说有个人在森林里迷了路,饥渴交加,衰竭而死于一棵树下,他的孤寂因一些怪诞的幻象而得以缓解--由于身体虚弱,他那病态的想象力用这些幻象包围了他,而他也信以为真。同样地,因身心的健康与力量,我们也可能因一种类似却更正常、更自然的陪伴而持续感到振奋,并逐渐认识到,我们从未真正孤独。

🔊
grotesque /ɡrəʊˈtesk/
adj. 怪诞的,奇形怪状的;荒谬的
🔊
diseased /dɪˈziːzd/
adj. 患病的;病态的,不健康的

我屋内的伴侣很多;尤其是在无人造访的清晨。容我略作比喻,好让人对我的境况有所了解。我并不比池塘里放声大笑的潜鸟更孤独,也不比瓦尔登湖本身更孤独。请问,那片孤寂的湖水有何伴侣?然而它里面并无蓝色魔鬼,却有蓝色天使,在那水色的蔚蓝之中。太阳是孤独的,除非在阴沉天气里,有时看似有两个,但其中一个是幻日。上帝是孤独的--但魔鬼,他却远非孤独;他见许多同伴;他是成群结队的。我并不比牧场中一株孤独的毛蕊花或蒲公英更孤独,也不比一片豆叶、一株酸模、一只马蝇或一只熊蜂更孤独。我并不比磨坊溪更孤独,不比风向标、北极星、南风更孤独,也不比四月的阵雨、一月的融雪,或新屋里的第一只蜘蛛更孤独。

🔊
company /ˈkʌmpəni/
n. 陪伴,同伴
🔊
comparisons /kəmˈpærɪs(ə)nz/
n. 比较,对比
🔊
convey /kənˈveɪ/
v. 传达,表达
🔊
situation /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
n. 处境,状况
🔊
lonely /ˈləʊnli/
adj. 孤独的
🔊
loon /luːn/
n. 潜鸟(一种水鸟)
🔊
azure /ˈæʒə(r)/
adj. 天蓝色的,蔚蓝的
🔊
tint /tɪnt/
n. 色调,淡淡的颜色
🔊
mock /mɒk/
adj. 模拟的,假的
🔊
mullein /ˈmʌlɪn/
n. 毛蕊花(一种植物)
🔊
dandelion /ˈdændɪlaɪən/
n. 蒲公英
🔊
sorrel /ˈsɒrəl/
n. 酸模(一种植物)
🔊
humble-bee /ˈhʌmbl biː/
n. 大黄蜂(古语)
🔊
weathercock /ˈweðəkɒk/
n. 风向标
🔊
thaw /θɔː/
n. 解冻,融化

在漫长的冬夜,当雪花纷飞、狂风在林间呼啸时,我偶尔会迎来一位老定居者和原始业主的造访,据说他当年掘凿了瓦尔登湖,砌了石岸,并以松林镶边;他给我讲述古老时代与崭新永恒的故事;我们一同设法度过愉快的夜晚,共享社交的欢笑与对事物的美好看法,甚至无需苹果或苹果酒--他是一位极其睿智而幽默的朋友,我深为喜爱,他藏匿自己的行踪比戈夫或惠利当年更甚;尽管人们以为他已故去,却无人能指出他的葬身之处。还有一位老妇人,也居住在我的邻区,大多数人看不见她,我有时爱在她那芬芳的药草园中漫步,采集草药,聆听她的寓言;因为她拥有无与伦比的丰饶才情,她的记忆可追溯至比神话更渺远的往昔,她能告诉我每个寓言的起源,以及每个故事基于何种事实,因这些事件发生时她还年轻。她是一位面色红润、精神矍铄的老妇人,喜爱所有的天气与季节,且很可能比她所有的子女都长寿。

🔊
occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)n(ə)l/
adj. 偶尔的,间或发生的
🔊
howls /haʊlz/
v. (风等)怒号,呼啸
🔊
settler /ˈsetlə(r)/
n. 定居者,移民
🔊
proprietor /prəˈpraɪətə(r)/
n. 所有者,业主
🔊
fringed /frɪndʒd/
adj. 有穗饰的,边缘有…的
🔊
mirth /mɜːθ/
n. 欢乐,欢笑
🔊
cider /ˈsaɪdə(r)/
n. 苹果酒
🔊
humorous /ˈhjuːmərəs/
adj. 幽默的,风趣的
🔊
dame /deɪm/
n. 夫人,老妇人
🔊
odorous /ˈəʊdərəs/
adj. 有气味的,香的(常指香的)
🔊
stroll /strəʊl/
v. 散步,闲逛
🔊
simples /ˈsɪmplz/
n. 草药(古语)
🔊
fertility /fəˈtɪləti/
n. 肥沃,多产;创造力
🔊
mythology /mɪˈθɒlədʒi/
n. 神话(总称),神话学
🔊
ruddy /ˈrʌdi/
adj. 红润的,气色好的
🔊
lusty /ˈlʌsti/
adj. 精力充沛的,健壮的
🔊
outlive /ˌaʊtˈlɪv/
v. 比…活得长;度过(危机等)

自然--阳光、风雨、冬夏--那份难以言表的纯真与仁慈,所赐予的如此健康、如此欢愉,永恒不竭!它们与我们人类种族有着如此深切的共鸣,倘若有人真的为正义之故而悲恸,整个自然都将为之动容,太阳的光辉会黯淡,风会发出人道的叹息,云会洒下泪水,森林会在仲夏落叶披上丧服。我岂能与大地灵犀不通?我自身难道不是部分由树叶与腐殖土构成的吗?

🔊
indescribable /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbl/
adj. 难以形容的,无法描述的
🔊
beneficence /bɪˈnefɪs(ə)ns/
n. 仁慈,善行
🔊
afford /əˈfɔːd/
v. 提供,给予
🔊
sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/
n. 同情;同感,赞同
🔊
humanely /hjuːˈmeɪnli/
adv. 人道地,仁慈地
🔊
mourning /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/
n. 哀悼;丧服
🔊
midsummer /ˌmɪdˈsʌmə(r)/
n. 仲夏,盛夏
🔊
mould /məʊld/
n. 腐殖土,松软沃土
🔊 What is the pill which will keep us well, serene, contented? Not my or thy great-grandfather's, but our great-grandmother Nature's universal, vegetable, botanic medicines, by which she has kept herself young always, outlived so many old Parrs in her day, and fed her health with their decaying fatness. For my panacea, instead of one of those quack vials of a mixture dipped from Acheron and the Dead Sea, which come out of those long shallow black-schooner looking wagons which we sometimes see made to carry bottles, let me have a draught of undiluted morning air. Morning air! If men will not drink of this at the fountain-head of the day, why, then, we must even bottle up some and sell it in the shops, for the benefit of those who have lost their subscription ticket to morning time in this world. But remember, it will not keep quite till noon-day even in the coolest cellar, but drive out the stopples long ere that and follow westward the steps of Aurora. I am no worshipper of Hygeia, who was the daughter of that old herb-doctor Æsculapius, and who is represented on monuments holding a serpent in one hand, and in the other a cup out of which the serpent sometimes drinks; but rather of Hebe, cupbearer to Jupiter, who was the daughter of Juno and wild lettuce, and who had the power of restoring gods and men to the vigor of youth. She was probably the only thoroughly sound-conditioned, healthy, and robust young lady that ever walked the globe, and wherever she came it was spring.

能令我们保持健康、宁静、满足的灵药是什么?不是我或你曾祖父的药丸,而是我们共同的曾祖母--自然--那万全的、植物性的、本草的医药,她借此永葆青春,比她那个时代许多古老的帕尔家族都更长寿,并以它们朽败的丰腴滋养自身的健康。至于我的万灵药,不是那些从阿刻戎河与死海里蘸取混合物、装在江湖郎中小瓶中的东西--那些瓶子来自我们有时见到的、形似长而浅的黑色纵帆船式的马车,专为运载瓶罐而制--让我痛饮一口未经稀释的晨间空气吧。晨间的空气!若人们不愿在这白昼的源头畅饮它,那么,好吧,我们只得封装一些,在店铺中出售,以惠及那些在这世上已失去清晨时光入场券的人们。但要记住,即使在最凉爽的地窖里,它也保存不到正午,在此之前,瓶塞早就顶开,追随奥罗拉西行的脚步了。我并非许革亚的信徒,她是那位老草药医师阿斯克勒庇俄斯之女,纪念碑上描绘她一手持蛇,另一手持杯,蛇时而从杯中啜饮;我毋宁是赫柏的崇拜者,她是朱庇特的司酒者,朱诺与野莴苣之女,拥有令神祇与人类重获青春活力的力量。她或许是这大地上曾行走过的唯一一位全然健全、健康且充满活力的年轻女子,她所到之处,便是春天。

🔊
serene /səˈriːn/
adj. 平静的,安详的
🔊
contented /kənˈtentɪd/
adj. 满足的,满意的
🔊
botanic /bəˈtænɪk/
adj. 植物的,植物学的
🔊
panacea /ˌpænəˈsiːə/
n. 万灵药,解决一切问题的方法
🔊
quack /kwæk/
n. 江湖郎中,庸医
🔊
vials /ˈvaɪəlz/
n. (尤指装药的小瓶,小玻璃瓶
🔊
Acheron /ˈækərɒn/
n. 阿刻戎河(希腊神话中冥界的河流)
🔊
schooner /ˈskuːnə(r)/
n. 纵帆船(一种帆船)
🔊
draught /drɑːft/
n. 一饮,一口
🔊
undiluted /ˌʌndaɪˈluːtɪd/
adj. 未稀释的,纯粹的
🔊
subscription /səbˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n/
n. 订阅,订购
🔊
stopples /ˈstɒplz/
n. 塞子(尤指瓶塞)
🔊
Aurora /ɔːˈrɔːrə/
n. 奥罗拉(罗马神话中的曙光女神)
🔊
worshipper /ˈwɜːʃɪpə(r)/
n. 崇拜者,礼拜者
🔊
Hygeia /haɪˈdʒiːə/
n. 许革亚(希腊神话中的健康女神)
🔊
Æsculapius /ˌiːskjʊˈleɪpɪəs/
n. 阿斯克勒庇俄斯(希腊神话中的医药之神)
🔊
Hebe /ˈhiːbi/
n. 赫柏(希腊神话中的青春女神)
🔊
cupbearer /ˈkʌpˌbeərə(r)/
n. 斟酒人,司酒官
🔊
Jupiter /ˈdʒuːpɪtə(r)/
n. 朱庇特(罗马神话中的主神)
🔊
Juno /ˈdʒuːnəʊ/
n. 朱诺(罗马神话中的天后)
🔊
lettuce /ˈletɪs/
n. 生菜,莴苣
🔊
robust /rəʊˈbʌst/
adj. 强健的,结实的;强劲的
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