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Chapter 104: The Fossil Whale. (第一百零四章:化石鲸)

探索《白鲸记》第104章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇解析以及英文原文音频。边听边提升阅读技巧。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

鲸鱼以其庞然巨躯,为人们提供了一个极尽适宜的宏大主题,可供铺陈、拓展与详述。它是海洋中游弋的最大生物;现存最宏大的著作以它为题材,实乃恰如其分。然而,我们此刻所欲沉思的,并非它那壮阔的体魄,而是其伟大之处的另一更微妙要素--它的古老。因为鲸鱼是一种地质年代极为久远的生灵;早在山脉隆起、山谷成形之前,它的祖先便已遨游于汪洋之中。

🔊
congenial /kənˈdʒiːniəl/
adj. 适宜的,意气相投的;适宜的
🔊
amplify /ˈæmplɪfaɪ/
v. 详述,放大(声音或信号)
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expatiate /ɪkˈspeɪʃiˌeɪt/
v. 详述,细说
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extant /ˈekstænt/
adj. 现存的,尚存的
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contemplate /ˈkɑːntəmˌpleɪt/
v. 沉思,注视,考虑
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antiquity /ænˈtɪkwəti/
n. 古代,古老;古迹
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immense /ɪˈmens/
adj. 巨大的,极大的
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geological /ˌdʒiːəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/
adj. 地质学的
🔊 How long ago, indeed, is it that the first whale made his appearance on the globe? Geology, that great revealer of secrets, informs us that the oldest whale-like fossils date back to the Eocene period, which is reckoned to have commenced some fifty million years ago. In those ancient times, the whale was already a fully developed marine mammal, though differing in many respects from his modern descendants. The zeuglodon, for example, an extinct genus of whale, attained a length of seventy feet, and its remains are found in the tertiary formations of Alabama and other parts of the world.

究竟多久以前,第一头鲸鱼才现身于地球之上?地质学这位伟大的秘密揭示者告诉我们,最古老的类鲸化石可追溯至始新世,据估算始于约五千万年前。在那远古时代,鲸鱼已是一种发育完全的海洋哺乳动物,尽管与现代后裔在许多方面有所不同。例如,械齿鲸这一已灭绝的鲸属,体长可达七十英尺,其遗骸发现于阿拉巴马州及世界其他地区的第三纪地层中。

🔊
geology /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/
n. 地质学
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revealer /rɪˈviːlər/
n. 揭示者,揭露者
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fossils /ˈfɑːsəlz/
n. 化石
🔊
Eocene /ˈiːəˌsiːn/
adj. 始新世的(地质年代)
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reckoned /ˈrekənd/
v. 认为;估算(reckon的过去式)
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commenced /kəˈmenst/
v. 开始(commence的过去式)
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marine /məˈriːn/
adj. 海洋的;海生的
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mammal /ˈmæməl/
n. 哺乳动物
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differing /ˈdɪfərɪŋ/
v. 不同,相异(differ的现在分词)
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descendants /dɪˈsendənts/
n. 后代,后裔
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zeuglodon /ˈzuːɡləˌdɑːn/
n. 械齿鲸(一种已灭绝的古代鲸类)
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extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/
adj. 灭绝的,绝种的
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genus /ˈdʒiːnəs/
n. (生物分类)属
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attained /əˈteɪnd/
v. 达到,获得(attain的过去式)
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remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/
n. 遗骸,残余
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tertiary /ˈtɜːrʃiˌeri/
adj. 第三的;第三纪的(地质年代)
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formations /fɔːrˈmeɪʃənz/
n. 形成;地层,岩层(复数)

然而,鲸骨不仅见于第三纪岩层。在欧洲的白垩地层,乃至更古老的里阿斯层中,我们也发现了鲸类动物的椎骨与其他部位。由此可见,鲸鱼作为一种生物类型,拥有极其古老的渊源;我们可稳妥地断定,它历经了地球表面的诸多变迁,并见证了无数物种的兴衰更迭。

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chalk /tʃɔːk/
n. 白垩;粉笔
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lias /ˈlaɪəs/
n. 里阿斯统(侏罗纪早期地层)
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vertebrae /ˈvɜːrtəbreɪ/
n. 椎骨(vertebra的复数)
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cetaceous /sɪˈteɪʃəs/
adj. 鲸类的;鲸目的
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type /taɪp/
n. 类型,典型
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vast /væst/
adj. 巨大的,广阔的
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conclude /kənˈkluːd/
v. 得出结论;结束
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survived /sərˈvaɪvd/
v. 幸存,活下来(survive的过去式)
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witnessed /ˈwɪtnəst/
v. 目睹,见证(witness的过去式)
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species /ˈspiːʃiːz/
n. 物种(单复数同形)
🔊 Consider, too, the enormous size of some of these fossil whales. The skeleton of the zeuglodon, as exhibited in the museums, measures upwards of sixty feet in length; and there are indications of still larger species. What a spectacle must the living animal have presented! With what awe must the first naturalists have regarded these colossal remains, when they were first disinterred from their stony sepulchres!

且看这些化石鲸鱼中某些物种的庞大身躯。械齿鲸的骨架在博物馆展出时,长度超过六十英尺;而更有迹象表明存在过更大的物种。那活生生的巨兽该是何等壮观的景象!当首批自然学家首次从石质墓穴中掘出这些庞然遗骸时,他们定是怀着何等敬畏之情!

🔊
enormous /ɪˈnɔːrməs/
adj. 巨大的,庞大的
🔊
skeleton /ˈskelɪtn/
n. 骨架,骨骼;框架
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exhibited /ɪɡˈzɪbɪtɪd/
v. 展览,展示(exhibit的过去式)
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museums /mjuˈziːəmz/
n. 博物馆(museum的复数)
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upwards /ˈʌpwərdz/
adv. 向上;以上,超过
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indications /ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃənz/
n. 迹象,指示(indication的复数)
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spectacle /ˈspektəkl/
n. 景象,奇观;眼镜(复数)
🔊
awe /ɔː/
n. 敬畏
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naturalists /ˈnætʃrəlɪsts/
n. 博物学家(naturalist的复数)
🔊
regarded /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/
v. 看待,认为(regard的过去式)
🔊
colossal /kəˈlɑːsl/
adj. 巨大的,庞大的
🔊
disinterred /ˌdɪsɪnˈtɜːrd/
v. 掘出,发掘(尤指尸体)(disinter的过去分词)
🔊
sepulchres /ˈsepəlkərz/
n. 坟墓,墓穴(sepulchre的复数)
🔊 Yet, grand as these fossil relics are, they but imperfectly represent the magnitude of the living whale. For the skeleton of a whale gives but a faint idea of his bulk when clothed in flesh and enveloped in that vast blanket of blubber which constitutes so large a portion of his body. The fossil whale, therefore, though imposing, is but the ghost of his former self.

然而,这些化石遗骸虽宏伟,却仅能拙劣地映现活鲸的规模。因为鲸的骨架只能隐约暗示其覆有血肉、包裹着那构成身体大部的鲸皮与鲸脂时的庞大体积。是以,化石鲸鱼虽令人震撼,却不过是其昔日自身的幽灵。

🔊
grand /ɡrænd/
adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的
🔊
relics /ˈrelɪks/
n. 遗物,遗迹(relic的复数)
🔊
imperfectly /ɪmˈpɜːrfɪktli/
adv. 不完美地,有缺陷地
🔊
represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/
v. 代表;描绘
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magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtuːd/
n. 巨大;重要性;震级
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faint /feɪnt/
adj. 微弱的;模糊的;昏眩的
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clothed /kloʊðd/
v. 给...穿衣;覆盖(clothe的过去分词)
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enveloped /ɪnˈveləpt/
v. 包裹,笼罩(envelop的过去分词)
🔊
blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/
n. 毯子;覆盖层
🔊
blubber /ˈblʌbər/
n. 鲸脂;海兽脂
🔊
constitutes /ˈkɑːnstətuːts/
v. 构成,组成(constitute的第三人称单数)
🔊
portion /ˈpɔːrʃn/
n. 一部分;一份
🔊
imposing /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/
adj. 庄严的,令人印象深刻的
🔊
ghost /ɡoʊst/
n. 鬼魂;幽灵;一丝
🔊 Nevertheless, from these fossil remains we learn much concerning the history of the whale. We trace his lineage back through the ages, and see how, from some humble, land-loving ancestor, he gradually adapted himself to an aquatic life, until he became the mighty leviathan that now roams the deep. The process of this transformation is written in the rocks, and it is one of the most striking illustrations of the power of natural selection.

尽管如此,从这些化石遗骸中,我们得以窥见鲸鱼历史的诸多奥秘。我们追溯它的谱系穿越时代长河,看到它如何从某个卑微、眷恋陆地的祖先,逐渐适应水生生活,直至成为如今遨游深海的强大海中巨兽。这一转变过程镌刻于岩石之中,是自然选择力量最为引人注目的例证之一。

🔊
nevertheless /ˌnevərðəˈles/
adv. 然而,不过
🔊
lineage /ˈlɪniɪdʒ/
n. 世系,血统
🔊
humble /ˈhʌmbl/
adj. 卑微的;谦逊的
🔊
land-loving /ˈlænd ˈlʌvɪŋ/
adj. 喜爱陆地的
🔊
aquatic /əˈkwætɪk/
adj. 水生的,水栖的
🔊
leviathan /lɪˈvaɪəθən/
n. 庞然大物,巨兽(常指鲸)
🔊
roams /roʊmz/
v. 漫游,闲逛(roam的第三人称单数)
🔊
deep /diːp/
n. 深处,深海(常以the deep表示)
🔊
transformation /ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃn/
n. 转变,变形
🔊
striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/
adj. 显著的,引人注目的
🔊
illustrations /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/
n. 例证;插图(illustration的复数)
🔊
selection /sɪˈlekʃn/
n. 选择;挑选
🔊 But let us not forget that the whale, though ancient, is not a primitive creature. He is highly specialized, with a complex organization fitted for his peculiar mode of life. His very antiquity, therefore, is a proof of his perfection; for he has maintained his place in the economy of nature through countless generations, while other forms have risen, flourished, and decayed.

但我们切莫忘记,鲸鱼虽古老,却非原始生物。它高度特化,拥有复杂组织结构,以适应其独特的生活方式。因此,它的古老恰恰证明了其完美;因为它已在自然秩序中维系其位历经无数代,而其他形态则兴起、繁盛并归于湮灭。

🔊
primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/
adj. 原始的;简陋的
🔊
specialized /ˈspeʃəlaɪzd/
adj. 专门的,专业的
🔊
complex /kəmˈpleks/
adj. 复杂的,复合的
🔊
organization /ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃn/
n. 组织;机构;结构
🔊
fitted /ˈfɪtɪd/
adj. 适合的, fitted的过去分词作形容词
🔊
peculiar /pɪˈkjuːliər/
adj. 独特的;奇怪的
🔊
mode /moʊd/
n. 模式,方式
🔊
proof /pruːf/
n. 证明,证据
🔊
perfection /pərˈfekʃn/
n. 完美,完善
🔊
maintained /meɪnˈteɪnd/
v. 维持,保持(maintain的过去式)
🔊
economy /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/
n. 经济;节约;体系
🔊
generations /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃənz/
n. 世代,一代人(generation的复数)
🔊
flourished /ˈflɜːrɪʃt/
v. 繁荣,茂盛(flourish的过去式)
🔊
decayed /dɪˈkeɪd/
v. 腐朽,衰败(decay的过去式)
🔊 In conclusion, the fossil whale teaches us a lesson of humility. He reminds us that the world is very old, and that man is but a recent comer upon the stage. He shows us that there are forces at work in nature which operate on a scale of time far beyond our comprehension; and he bids us regard with reverence the wonderful continuity of life, which links the past with the present, and the present with the future.

总之,化石鲸鱼给予我们谦卑的一课。它提醒我们世界何其古老,而人类不过是舞台上的新来者。它向我们揭示,自然界中有力量以时间尺度运作,远超我们的理解;它敦促我们以敬畏之心看待生命的奇妙连续性,这连续性将过去与现在、现在与未来紧密相连。

🔊
humility /hjuːˈmɪləti/
n. 谦卑,谦逊
🔊
recent /ˈriːsnt/
adj. 近来的,新近的
🔊
comer /ˈkʌmər/
n. 来者,有成功希望的人
🔊
stage /steɪdʒ/
n. 舞台;阶段
🔊
forces /ˈfɔːrsɪz/
n. 力量;军队(force的复数)
🔊
operate /ˈɑːpəreɪt/
v. 运作,操作;动手术
🔊
scale /skeɪl/
n. 规模;等级;鳞片
🔊
comprehension /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhenʃn/
n. 理解,领悟
🔊
bids /bɪdz/
v. 吩咐,邀请;出价(bid的第三人称单数)
🔊
reverence /ˈrevərəns/
n. 崇敬,尊敬
🔊
continuity /ˌkɑːntɪˈnuːəti/
n. 连续性,连贯性
🔊
links /lɪŋks/
v. 连接,联系(link的第三人称单数)
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