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Chapter three (第三章)

探索《一间自己的房间》第3章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇及解释,以及英文原文音频。边听边提升阅读技巧。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

晚上未能带回任何重要的论断或确凿的事实,真令人失望。女人比男人穷,因为--这个那个原因。或许现在最好放弃追寻真理,免得头上落下如熔岩般炽热、如洗碗水般褪色的意见洪流。不如拉上窗帘,隔绝纷扰;点亮灯火,缩小探究范围,去询问那位只记录事实而非看法的历史学家,请他描述女性生活的境况,不是纵观古今,而是在英格兰,譬如在伊丽莎白时代。

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disappointing /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/
adj. 令人失望的
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authentic /ɔːˈθentɪk/
adj. 真实的;正宗的
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avalanche /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/
n. 雪崩;大量
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discoloured /dɪsˈkʌləd/
adj. 变色的;褪色的
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distractions /dɪˈstrækʃənz/
n. 分心的事物
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enquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪəri/
n. 询问;调查
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historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/
n. 历史学家

一个永恒的谜题是,为何在那非凡的文学领域里,女性未曾写下只言片语,而每个男性似乎都能歌咏或创作十四行诗。我自问,女性生活在何种条件下;因为小说,即富有想象力的作品,并非像科学那样如石子般坠落地面;小说犹如蜘蛛网,或许附着得极轻,但仍旧牢牢附着于生活的四角。这种附着常常难以察觉;例如莎士比亚的戏剧,似乎自成一格,悬挂在那里。但当蛛网被拉歪、边缘勾起、中间撕裂时,人们便想起这些网并非无形体的生物在空中编织,而是受苦人类的劳作,附着于粗鄙的物质事物,如健康、金钱和我们居住的房屋。

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perennial /pəˈreniəl/
adj. 永久的;长期的
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extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdənəri/
adj. 非凡的;特别的
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sonnet /ˈsɒnɪt/
n. 十四行诗
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imaginative /ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/
adj. 富有想象力的
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spider's web /ˈspaɪdəz web/
n. 蜘蛛网
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askew /əˈskjuː/
adv. 歪斜地
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incorporeal /ˌɪnkɔːˈpɔːriəl/
adj. 非物质的;无形的
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grossly /ˈɡrəʊsli/
adv. 非常;粗俗地
🔊 I went, therefore, to the shelf where the histories stand and took down one of the latest, Professor Trevelyan's History of England. Once more I looked up Women, found "position of" and turned to the pages indicated. "Wife-beating," I read, "was a recognised right of man, and was practised without shame by high as well as low.... Similarly," the historian goes on, "the daughter who refused to marry the gentleman of her parents' choice was liable to be locked up, beaten and flung about the room, without any shock being inflicted on public opinion. Marriage was not an affair of personal affection, but of family avarice, particularly in the 'chivalrous' upper classes.... Betrothal often took place while one or both of the parties was in the cradle, and marriage when they were scarcely out of the nurses' charge." That was about 1470, soon after Chaucer's time. The next reference to the position of women is some two hundred years later, in the time of the Stuarts. "It was still the exception for women of the upper and middle class to choose their own husbands, and when the husband had been assigned, he was lord and master, so far at least as law and custom could make him. Yet even so," Professor Trevelyan concludes, "neither Shakespeare's women nor those of authentic seventeenth-century memoirs, like the Verneys and the Hutchinsons, seem wanting in personality and character." Certainly, if we consider it, Cleopatra must have had a way with her; Lady Macbeth, one would suppose, had a will of her own; Rosalind, one might conclude, was an attractive girl. Professor Trevelyan is speaking no more than the truth when he remarks that Shakespeare's women do not seem wanting in personality and character. Not being a historian, one might go even further and say that women have burnt like beacons in all the works of all the poets from the beginning of time--Clytemnestra, Antigone, Cleopatra, Lady Macbeth, Phèdre, Cressida, Rosalind, Desdemona, the Duchess of Malfi, among the dramatists; then among the prose writers: Millamant, Clarissa, Becky Sharp, Anna Karenine, Emma Bovary, Madame de Guermantes--the names flock to mind, nor do they recall women "lacking in personality and character." Indeed, if woman had no existence save in the fiction written by men, one would imagine her a person of the utmost importance; very various; heroic and mean; splendid and sordid; infinitely beautiful and hideous in the extreme; as great as a man, some think even greater.5 But this is woman in fiction. In fact, as Professor Trevelyan points out, she was locked up, beaten and flung about the room.

于是,我走向摆放史书的书架,取下最新的一本,特里维廉教授的英国史。我再次查找“女性”,找到“地位”并翻到指定页码。“殴打妻子,”我读到,“是男性公认的权利,无论高低贵贱都毫无羞耻地实行……”历史学家继续写道,“同样,拒绝嫁给父母所选绅士的女儿,可能被锁起来、殴打并在房间里扔来扔去,公众舆论却毫不震惊。婚姻不是个人感情的事,而是家庭贪婪的产物,尤其在‘骑士精神’的上层阶级……订婚常在双方或一方尚在襁褓时进行,结婚时他们几乎还未脱离保姆的照看。”那大约是1470年,乔叟时代之后不久。下一次提及女性地位是在约两百年后,斯图亚特王朝时期。“上层和中层阶级女性选择自己的丈夫仍是例外,一旦丈夫被指定,他便是主人和老爷,至少法律和习俗使他如此。但即便如此,”特里维廉教授总结道,“莎士比亚笔下的女性,或是真实十七世纪回忆录中的女性,如弗尼家族和哈钦森家族,似乎并不缺乏个性与品格。”当然,细想之下,克娄巴特拉定有她的魅力;麦克白夫人,人们会认为,自有主见;罗莎琳德,或许可说是迷人的姑娘。特里维廉教授说莎士比亚的女性不乏个性与品格,这不过是实话实说。非历史学家的我,或许可更进一步,说自古以来所有诗人的作品中,女性都如灯塔般闪耀--克吕泰涅斯特拉、安提戈涅、克娄巴特拉、麦克白夫人、费德尔、克瑞西达、罗莎琳德、苔丝狄蒙娜、马尔菲公爵夫人,在戏剧家中;然后在散文作家中:米拉曼特、克拉丽莎、贝姬·夏普、安娜·卡列尼娜、爱玛·包法利、盖尔芒特夫人--这些名字纷至沓来,它们所唤起的,绝非‘缺乏个性与品格’的女性形象。的确,如果女性仅存在于男性书写的小说中,人们会想象她是极其重要的人物;千变万化;英勇与卑劣;辉煌与污秽;无限美丽与极端丑陋;如男人一般伟大,有些人认为甚至更伟大。但这是小说中的女性。事实上,正如特里维廉教授指出的,她被锁起来、殴打并在房间里扔来扔去。

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avarice /ˈævərɪs/
n. 贪婪
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chivalrous /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/
adj. 骑士风度的;有礼貌的
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betrothal /bɪˈtrəʊðl/
n. 订婚
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nurses' charge /ˈnɜːsɪz tʃɑːdʒ/
n. 护士的照管
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personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/
n. 个性;人格
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beacons /ˈbiːkənz/
n. 灯塔;指引
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sordid /ˈsɔːdɪd/
adj. 肮脏的;卑鄙的
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hideous /ˈhɪdiəs/
adj. 丑陋的;可怕的

于是,一个非常古怪、复合的存在浮现了。在想象中,她至关重要;实际上,她完全无足轻重。她贯穿诗歌的每一页;在历史中却几乎缺席。在小说中,她主宰国王和征服者的生活;事实上,她是任何男孩的奴隶,只要父母将戒指强套在她手指上。一些最富灵感的话语、文学中最深刻的思想从她唇间落下;在真实生活中,她几乎不识字,勉强能拼写,是她丈夫的财产。

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queer /kwɪər/
adj. 奇怪的;不寻常的
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composite /ˈkɒmpəzɪt/
adj. 复合的;合成的
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imaginatively /ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪvli/
adv. 想象上;富有想象力地
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insignificant /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/
adj. 不重要的;微不足道的
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pervades /pəˈveɪdz/
v. 弥漫;遍布
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dominates /ˈdɒmɪneɪts/
v. 支配;占主导地位
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conquerors /ˈkɒŋkərəz/
n. 征服者
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profound /prəˈfaʊnd/
adj. 深刻的;深远的

先读历史学家,后读诗人,人们确实拼凑出一个奇特的怪物--一只鹰翅蠕虫;厨房中剁着板油的生命与美之精灵。但这些怪物,无论想象起来多么有趣,实际上并不存在。要使她鲜活,人们必须同时诗意与散文地思考,从而与事实保持联系--她是马丁太太,三十六岁,穿蓝衣,戴黑帽,穿棕鞋;但也不失小说的眼光--她是一个容器,各种灵魂与力量在其中永不停息地奔流闪烁。然而,当人们用这种方法审视伊丽莎白时代的女性时,一道光芒熄灭了;事实的稀缺使人止步。人们对她的细节一无所知,没有完全真实和实质的内容。历史几乎不提她。我再次转向特里维廉教授,看历史对他意味着什么。通过查看他的章节标题,我发现历史意味着--

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winged /wɪŋd/
adj. 有翅膀的
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suet /ˈsuːɪt/
n. 板油(用于烹饪)
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prosaically /prəʊˈzeɪɪkli/
adv. 散文般地;平淡地
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vessel /ˈvesl/
n. 容器;船
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coursing /ˈkɔːsɪŋ/
v. 流动;奔跑
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perpetually /pəˈpetʃuəli/
adv. 永久地;不断地
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illumination /ɪˌluːmɪˈneɪʃən/
n. 照明;启发
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scarcity /ˈskeəsəti/
n. 稀缺;不足
🔊 "The Manor Court and the Methods of Open-field Agriculture... The Cistercians and Sheep-farming... The Crusades... The University... The House of Commons... The Hundred Years' War... The Wars of the Roses... The Renaissance Scholars... The Dissolution of the Monasteries... Agrarian and Religious Strife... The Origin of English Sea-power... The Armada..." and so on. Occasionally an individual woman is mentioned, an Elizabeth, or a Mary; a queen or a great lady. But by no possible means could middle-class women with nothing but brains and character at their command have taken part in any one of the great movements which, brought together, constitute the historian's view of the past. Nor shall we find her in any collection of anecdotes. Aubrey hardly mentions her. She never writes her own life and scarcely keeps a diary; there are only a handful of her letters in existence. She left no plays or poems by which we can judge her. What one wants, I thought--and why does not some brilliant student at Newnham or Girton supply it?--is a mass of information; at what age did she marry; how many children had she as a rule; what was her house like; had she a room to herself; did she do the cooking; would she be likely to have a servant? All these facts lie somewhere, presumably, in parish registers and account books; the life of the average Elizabethan woman must be scattered about somewhere, could one collect it and make a book of it. It would be ambitious beyond my daring, I thought, looking about the shelves for books that were not there, to suggest to the students of those famous colleges that they should rewrite history, though I own that it often seems a little queer as it is, unreal, lop-sided; but why should they not add a supplement to history? calling it, of course, by some inconspicuous name so that women might figure there without impropriety? For one often catches a glimpse of them in the lives of the great, whisking away into the background, concealing, I sometimes think, a wink, a laugh, perhaps a tear. And, after all, we have lives enough of Jane Austen; it scarcely seems necessary to consider again the influence of the tragedies of Joanna Baillie upon the poetry of Edgar Allan Poe; as for myself, I should not mind if the homes and haunts of Mary Russell Mitford were closed to the public for a century at least. But what I find deplorable, I continued, looking about the bookshelves again, is that nothing is known about women before the eighteenth century. I have no model in my mind to turn about this way and that. Here am I asking why women did not write poetry in the Elizabethan age, and I am not sure how they were educated; whether they were taught to write; whether they had sitting-rooms to themselves; how many women had children before they were twenty-one; what, in short, they did from eight in the morning till eight at night. They had no money evidently; according to Professor Trevelyan they were married whether they liked it or not before they were out of the nursery, at fifteen or sixteen very likely. It would have been extremely odd, even upon this showing, had one of them suddenly written the plays of Shakespeare, I concluded, and I thought of that old gentleman, who is dead now, but was a bishop, I think, who declared that it was impossible for any woman, past, present, or to come, to have the genius of Shakespeare. He wrote to the papers about it. He also told a lady who applied to him for information that cats do not as a matter of fact go to heaven, though they have, he added, souls of a sort. How much thinking those old gentlemen used to save one! How the borders of ignorance shrank back at their approach! Cats do not go to heaven. Women cannot write the plays of Shakespeare.

“庄园法庭与敞田农业方法……西多会修士与牧羊……十字军东征……大学……下议院……百年战争……玫瑰战争……文艺复兴学者……修道院解散……农业与宗教冲突……英国海权的起源……无敌舰队……”等等。偶尔提及个别女性,一位伊丽莎白,或一位玛丽;一位女王或贵妇。但绝无可能,那些只有头脑和品格的中产阶级女性,能够参与任何一项伟大运动,这些运动汇聚起来,构成了历史学家眼中的过去。我们也不会在任何轶事集中找到她。奥布里几乎不提她。她从不写自传,也极少记日记;现存的信件寥寥无几。她没有留下任何戏剧或诗歌供我们评判。我想,人们需要的是--为何纽纳姆学院或格顿学院的杰出学生不提供呢?--大量信息;她几岁结婚;通常有多少孩子;她的房子什么样;她有独自的房间吗;她做饭吗;她可能有仆人吗?所有这些事实可能存在于教区登记册和账本中;普通伊丽莎白时代女性的生活必定散落各处,若能收集起来编成一本书。我想,这野心超越了我的胆量,我环顾书架寻找不存在的书,向那些著名学院的学生提议重写历史,尽管我承认历史常显得有点古怪、不真实、不平衡;但他们为何不给历史加个附录呢?当然,用一个不起眼的名字,这样女性可以体面地出现?因为人们常在伟人的生活中瞥见她们,闪入背景,隐藏着,我有时想,一个眼色、一声笑,或许一滴泪。毕竟,我们有足够的简·奥斯汀生平;似乎没必要再考虑乔安娜·贝利的悲剧对埃德加·爱伦·坡诗歌的影响;至于我自己,如果玛丽·拉塞尔·米特福德的家园和常居地对公众关闭至少一个世纪,我也不介意。但令我痛惜的是,我继续环顾书架,十八世纪之前的女性一无所知。我心中没有可反复思量的典范。我在这里问为何伊丽莎白时代女性不写诗,却不确定她们如何受教育;是否被教写字;是否有自己的起居室;多少女性在二十一岁前有孩子;简言之,她们从早上八点到晚上八点做什么。她们显然没有钱;根据特里维廉教授,她们无论喜不喜欢,在未出育儿室时就被嫁出,很可能十五六岁。即使如此,若其中一人突然写出莎士比亚的戏剧,那将极为古怪,我总结道,我想起那位现已去世的老先生,我想他是位主教,曾宣称任何女性,过去、现在或未来,都不可能拥有莎士比亚的天才。他为此写信给报纸。他还告诉一位向他咨询信息的女士,猫事实上不去天堂,尽管它们有某种灵魂。那些老先生们过去常省去人们多少思考啊!无知的边界在他们面前如何退缩!猫不去天堂。女性写不出莎士比亚的戏剧。

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constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/
v. 构成,组成
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anecdotes /ˈænɪkdəʊts/
n. 轶事,趣闻
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presumably /prɪˈzjuːməbli/
adv. 大概,可能,据推测
🔊
impropriety /ˌɪmprəˈpraɪəti/
n. 不得体,不当行为
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glimpse /ɡlɪmps/
n. 一瞥,短暂的感受
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whisking /ˈwɪskɪŋ/
v. 迅速带走,急忙送走
🔊
concealing /kənˈsiːlɪŋ/
v. 隐藏,掩盖
🔊
deplorable /dɪˈplɔːrəbl/
adj. 可悲的,糟糕的,应受谴责的
🔊
scarcely /ˈskeəsli/
adv. 几乎不,几乎没有;刚刚
🔊
extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/
adv. 极其,非常
🔊
genius /ˈdʒiːniəs/
n. 天才,天赋
🔊 Be that as it may, I could not help thinking, as I looked at the works of Shakespeare on the shelf, that the bishop was right at least in this; it would have been impossible, completely and entirely, for any woman to have written the plays of Shakespeare in the age of Shakespeare. Let me imagine, since facts are so hard to come by, what would have happened had Shakespeare had a wonderfully gifted sister, called Judith, let us say. Shakespeare himself went, very probably,--his mother was an heiress--to the grammar school, where he may have learnt Latin--Ovid, Virgil and Horace--and the elements of grammar and logic. He was, it is well known, a wild boy who poached rabbits, perhaps shot a deer, and had, rather sooner than he should have done, to marry a woman in the neighbourhood, who bore him a child rather quicker than was right. That escapade sent him to seek his fortune in London. He had, it seemed, a taste for the theatre; he began by holding horses at the stage door. Very soon he got work in the theatre, became a successful actor, and lived at the hub of the universe, meeting everybody, knowing everybody, practising his art on the boards, exercising his wits in the streets, and even getting access to the palace of the queen. Meanwhile his extraordinarily gifted sister, let us suppose, remained at home. She was as adventurous, as imaginative, as agog to see the world as he was. But she was not sent to school. She had no chance of learning grammar and logic, let alone of reading Horace and Virgil. She picked up a book now and then, one of her brother's perhaps, and read a few pages. But then her parents came in and told her to mend the stockings or mind the stew and not moon about with books and papers. They would have spoken sharply but kindly, for they were substantial people who knew the conditions of life for a woman and loved their daughter--indeed, more likely than not she was the apple of her father's eye. Perhaps she scribbled some pages up in an apple loft on the sly, but was careful to hide them or set fire to them. Soon, however, before she was out of her teens, she was to be betrothed to the son of a neighbouring wool-stapler. She cried out that marriage was hateful to her, and for that she was severely beaten by her father. Then he ceased to scold her. He begged her instead not to hurt him, not to shame him in this matter of her marriage. He would give her a chain of beads or a fine petticoat, he said; and there were tears in his eyes. How could she disobey him? How could she break his heart? The force of her own gift alone drove her to it. She made up a small parcel of her belongings, let herself down by a rope one summer's night and took the road to London. She was not seventeen. The birds that sang in the hedge were not more musical than she was. She had the quickest fancy, a gift like her brother's, for the tune of words. Like him, she had a taste for the theatre. She stood at the stage door; she wanted to act, she said. Men laughed in her face. The manager--a fat, loose-lipped man--guffawed. He bellowed something about poodles dancing and women acting--no woman, he said, could possibly be an actress. He hinted--you can imagine what. She could get no training in her craft. Could she even seek her dinner in a tavern or roam the streets at midnight? Yet her genius was for fiction and lusted to feed abundantly upon the lives of men and women and the study of their ways. At last--for she was very young, oddly like Shakespeare the poet in her face, with the same grey eyes and rounded brows--at last Nick Greene the actor-manager took pity on her; she found herself with child by that gentleman and so--who shall measure the heat and violence of the poet's heart when caught and tangled in a woman's body?--killed herself one winter's night and lies buried at some cross-roads where the omnibuses now stop outside the Elephant and Castle.

尽管如此,当我看着书架上莎士比亚的作品时,不禁想到主教至少在这点上是正确的;在莎士比亚的时代,任何女性完全不可能写出莎士比亚的戏剧。既然事实难寻,让我想象一下,如果莎士比亚有一个天赋异禀的妹妹,叫朱迪思,会发生什么。莎士比亚自己很可能--他母亲是女继承人--上了文法学校,在那里他可能学了拉丁文--奥维德、维吉尔和贺拉斯--以及语法和逻辑的基础。众所周知,他是个野孩子,偷猎兔子,或许射鹿,并且过早娶了附近一个女人,她过快生了个孩子。那次越轨行为促使他去伦敦谋生。他似乎对戏剧有兴趣;开始时在舞台门口看马。很快他在剧院找到工作,成为成功的演员,住在世界的中心,遇见每个人,认识每个人,在舞台上实践艺术,在街头施展才智,甚至得以进入女王的宫殿。同时,我们假设他天赋非凡的妹妹留在家中。她和他一样冒险、富有想象力、渴望看世界。但她没被送去上学。她没有机会学习语法和逻辑,更不用说读贺拉斯和维吉尔了。她偶尔捡起一本书,或许是她哥哥的,读几页。但父母进来告诉她补袜子或照看炖菜,不要拿着书和纸发呆。他们会严厉但和善地说,因为他们是务实的人,知道女性的生活条件,爱他们的女儿--事实上,她很可能是父亲的掌上明珠。或许她在苹果阁楼上偷偷写了几页,但小心藏起或烧掉。然而,很快,在她未满二十岁时,她被许配给邻近羊毛商人的儿子。她哭喊婚姻对她可憎,因此被父亲狠狠殴打。然后他不再责骂她。他转而恳求她不要伤害他,不要在这婚姻事上让他蒙羞。他说会给她一串珠子或一条漂亮衬裙;他眼中含泪。她怎能违抗他?怎能伤他的心?她天赋的力量驱使她行动。她将自己的随身物品打成一个小包裹,一个夏夜用绳子滑下,踏上去伦敦的路。她还不到十七岁。树篱中歌唱的鸟儿不比她更富音乐性。她有最敏捷的幻想,像她哥哥一样对词语的旋律有天赋。像他一样,她对戏剧有兴趣。她站在舞台门口;她说想演戏。男人们当面嘲笑她。经理--一个肥胖、厚唇的男人--哈哈大笑。他吼着关于贵宾犬跳舞和女人演戏的话--他说,女人绝不可能成为演员。他暗示--你能想象什么。她得不到技艺训练。她甚至能在酒馆讨饭或午夜在街头游荡吗?然而她的天才在于小说,渴望饱餐男女的生活和研究他们的方式。最后--因为她非常年轻,相貌古怪地像诗人莎士比亚,同样灰眼睛和圆眉毛--最后演员经理尼克·格林怜悯她;她发现自己怀了那位绅士的孩子,于是--谁能衡量诗人被困在女性身体中时心中的炽热与暴力?--一个冬夜自杀,葬在某个十字路口,如今公共汽车停在大象与城堡外。

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poached /pəʊtʃt/
v. 偷猎,水煮
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escapade /ˈeskəpeɪd/
n. 恶作剧,越轨行为,冒险行为
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hub /hʌb/
n. 中心,枢纽
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agog /əˈɡɒɡ/
adj. 渴望的,兴奋期待的
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betrothed /bɪˈtrəʊðd/
adj. 已订婚的
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wool-stapler /ˈwʊl ˌsteɪplə(r)/
n. 羊毛商
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petticoat /ˈpetikəʊt/
n. 衬裙,(旧时用法)女性
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guffawed /ɡəˈfɔːd/
v. 哄笑,狂笑
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bellowed /ˈbeləʊd/
v. 吼叫,大声喊
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poodles /ˈpuːdlz/
n. 贵宾犬
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lusted /ˈlʌstɪd/
v. 渴望,贪求
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omnibuses /ˈɒmnɪbəsɪz/
n. 公共汽车(旧称)
🔊 That, more or less, is how the story would run, I think, if a woman in Shakespeare's day had had Shakespeare's genius. But for my part, I agree with the deceased bishop, if such he was--it is unthinkable that any woman in Shakespeare's day should have had Shakespeare's genius. For genius like Shakespeare's is not born among labouring, uneducated, servile people. It was not born in England among the Saxons and the Britons. It is not born to-day among the working classes. How, then, could it have been born among women whose work began, according to Professor Trevelyan, almost before they were out of the nursery, who were forced to it by their parents and held to it by all the power of law and custom? Yet genius of a sort must have existed among women as it must have existed among the working classes. Now and again an Emily Brontë or a Robert Burns blazes out and proves its presence. But certainly it never got itself on to paper. When, however, one reads of a witch being ducked, of a woman possessed by devils, of a wise woman selling herbs, or even of a very remarkable man who had a mother, then I think we are on the track of a lost novelist, a suppressed poet, of some mute and inglorious Jane Austen, some Emily Brontë who dashed her brains out on the moor or mopped and mowed about the highways crazed with the torture that her gift had put her to. Indeed, I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman. It was a woman Edward Fitzgerald, I think, suggested who made the ballads and the folk-songs, crooning them to her children, beguiling her spinning with them, or the length of the winter's night.

我想,如果莎士比亚时代的女性拥有莎士比亚的天才,故事大致会如此。但就我而言,我同意已故主教,如果他是--莎士比亚时代的任何女性拥有莎士比亚的天才是不可想象的。因为像莎士比亚这样的天才不会诞生于劳动、未受教育、奴役的人群中。它不在英格兰的撒克逊人和不列颠人中诞生。今天它不在工人阶级中诞生。那么,它怎能诞生于女性中,根据特里维廉教授,她们的工作几乎在未出育儿室前就开始,被父母强迫,被法律和习俗的所有力量束缚?然而,某种天才必定存在于女性中,就像它必定存在于工人阶级中。偶尔一位艾米莉·勃朗特或罗伯特·彭斯闪耀而出,证明其存在。但它肯定从未落到纸上。然而,当人们读到女巫被浸水、女人被魔鬼附身、女巫卖草药,或甚至一位非常杰出的男人有位母亲时,我想我们正追踪一位失传的小说家、一位被压抑的诗人、某位沉默无闻的简·奥斯汀、某位艾米莉·勃朗特在荒野撞碎头颅或在公路上疯癫蹒跚,因天赋带来的折磨而痛苦。的确,我敢猜测佚名,那位写下许多未署名诗歌的作者,常常是女性。我认为爱德华·菲茨杰拉德曾暗示,创作民谣和民歌的是女性,她们向孩子低吟,用它们消磨纺纱时光或冬夜长时。

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deceased /dɪˈsiːst/
adj. 已故的
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unthinkable /ʌnˈθɪŋkəbl/
adj. 难以置信的,不可思议的
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servile /ˈsɜːvaɪl/
adj. 奴性的,卑躬屈膝的
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blazes out /bleɪzɪz aʊt/
phrase. 闪耀,爆发
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witch /wɪtʃ/
n. 女巫
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ducked /dʌkt/
v. 被浸入水中(作为惩罚)
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possessed /pəˈzest/
adj. 被(恶魔)附身的,着魔的
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mute /mjuːt/
adj. 沉默的,无声的
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inglorious /ɪnˈɡlɔːriəs/
adj. 不光彩的,默默无闻的
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dashed /dæʃt/
v. 猛撞,使破灭
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moor /mɔː(r)/
n. 荒野,沼泽地
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crooning /ˈkruːnɪŋ/
v. 低声哼唱,轻唱
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beguiling /bɪˈɡaɪlɪŋ/
v. 消磨(时间),欺骗,使陶醉
🔊 This may be true or it may be false--who can say?--but what is true in it, so it seemed to me, reviewing the story of Shakespeare's sister as I had made it, is that any woman born with a great gift in the sixteenth century would certainly have gone crazed, shot herself, or ended her days in some lonely cottage outside the village, half witch, half wizard, feared and mocked at. For it needs little skill in psychology to be sure that a highly gifted girl who had tried to use her gift for poetry would have been so thwarted and hindered by other people, so tortured and pulled asunder by her own contrary instincts, that she must have lost her health and sanity to a certainty. No girl could have walked to London and stood at a stage door and forced her way into the presence of actor-managers without doing herself a violence and suffering an anguish which may have been irrational--for chastity may be a fetish invented by certain societies for unknown reasons--but were none the less inevitable. Chastity had then, it has even now, a religious importance in a woman's life, and has so wrapped itself round with nerves and instincts that to cut it free and bring it to the light of day demands courage of the rarest. To have lived a free life in London in the sixteenth century would have meant for a woman who was poet and playwright a nervous stress and dilemma which might well have killed her. Had she survived, whatever she had written would have been twisted and deformed, issuing from a strained and morbid imagination. And undoubtedly, I thought, looking at the shelf where there are no plays by women, her work would have gone unsigned. That refuge she would have sought certainly. It was the relic of the sense of chastity that dictated anonymity to women even so late as the nineteenth century. Currer Bell, George Eliot, George Sand, all the victims of inner strife as their writings prove, sought ineffectively to veil themselves by using the name of a man. Thus they did homage to the convention, which if not implanted by the other sex was liberally encouraged by them (the chief glory of a woman is not to be talked of, said Pericles, himself a much-talked-of man) that publicity in women is detestable. Anonymity runs in their blood. The desire to be veiled still possesses them. They are not even now as concerned about the health of their fame as men are, and, speaking generally, will pass a tombstone or a signpost without feeling an irresistible desire to cut their names on it, as Alf, Bert or Chas. must do in obedience to their instinct, which murmurs if it sees a fine woman go by, or even a dog, Ce chien est à moi. And, of course, it may not be a dog, I thought, remembering Parliament Square, the Sieges Allee and other avenues; it may be a piece of land or a man with curly black hair. It is one of the great advantages of being a woman that one can pass even a very fine negress without wishing to make an Englishwoman of her.

这可能真也可能假--谁能说?--但在我看来,回顾我编造的莎士比亚妹妹的故事,其中真实的是,任何在十六世纪出生时有伟大天赋的女性,必定会发疯、自杀,或终老于村外某个孤独小屋,半巫半仙,被惧怕和嘲笑。因为只需少许心理学技巧就能确定,一个试图用天赋写诗的高度天才女孩,会被他人如此阻挠和妨碍,被自己相反的直觉如此折磨和撕裂,以至于她必定失去健康和理智。没有女孩能走到伦敦,站在舞台门口,强行进入演员经理面前,而不对自己施暴、承受可能非理性的痛苦--因为贞洁可能是某些社会出于未知原因发明的崇拜物--但尽管如此不可避免。贞洁那时,甚至现在,在女性生活中具有宗教重要性,它已与女性的神经和本能如此紧密地缠绕在一起,以至于将其割离并暴露于光天化日之下需要罕见的勇气。在十六世纪伦敦过自由生活,对于一位诗人和剧作家的女性,意味着可能杀死她的神经紧张和困境。如果她幸存,无论她写什么,都会扭曲变形,出自紧张病态的想象。无疑,我想,看着没有女性戏剧的书架,她的作品会匿名。那庇护她必定寻求。正是贞洁感的遗存,指示女性匿名,甚至迟至十九世纪。柯勒·贝尔、乔治·艾略特、乔治·桑,所有内心冲突的受害者,如她们的作品所证,无效地试图用男性名字掩盖自己。因此她们向习俗致敬,这习俗若非另一性别植入,也被他们慷慨鼓励(女性最大的荣耀是不被谈论,伯里克利说,他自己是个常被谈论的男人)--女性的公开是可憎的。匿名流淌在她们的血液中。被遮蔽的欲望仍支配她们。她们甚至现在也不像男性那样关心名声的健康,一般来说,经过墓碑或路标时,不会感到不可抗拒的欲望刻上自己的名字,就像阿尔夫、伯特或查斯必须服从本能所做,那本能低语如果看到漂亮女人经过,甚至一只狗,“这狗是我的”。当然,我想起议会广场、胜利大道和其他大道,它可能不是狗;可能是一块土地或一个卷曲黑发的男人。身为女性的一大优势是,即使经过一位非常漂亮的黑人女子,也不会想把她变成英国女人。

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wizard /ˈwɪzəd/
n. 男巫,术士
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thwarted /θwɔːtɪd/
adj. 受阻的,受挫的
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hindered /ˈhɪndəd/
adj. 受到阻碍的
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asunder /əˈsʌndə(r)/
adv. 分开地,散开地(尤指猛烈地)
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sanity /ˈsænəti/
n. 理智,神志正常
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anguish /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/
n. 极度痛苦,剧痛
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fetish /ˈfetɪʃ/
n. 恋物对象,盲目崇拜物
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dilemma /dɪˈlemə/
n. 困境,进退两难
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morbid /ˈmɔːbɪd/
adj. 病态的,不健康的
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anonymity /ˌænəˈnɪməti/
n. 匿名,匿名状态
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detestable /dɪˈtestəbl/
adj. 可憎的,令人厌恶的
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relic /ˈrelɪk/
n. 遗迹,遗物,残余
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veil /veɪl/
v. 遮盖,掩饰
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publicity /pʌbˈlɪsəti/
n. 公众的注意,宣传
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signpost /ˈsaɪnpəʊst/
n. 路标
🔊 That woman, then, who was born with a gift of poetry in the sixteenth century, was an unhappy woman, a woman at strife against herself. All the conditions of her life, all her own instincts, were hostile to the state of mind which is needed to set free whatever is in the brain. But what is the state of mind that is most propitious to the act of creation, I asked? Can one come by any notion of the state that furthers and makes possible that strange activity? Here I opened the volume containing the Tragedies of Shakespeare. What was Shakespeare's state of mind, for instance, when he wrote Lear and Antony and Cleopatra? It was certainly the state of mind most favourable to poetry that there has ever existed. But Shakespeare himself said nothing about it. We only know casually and by chance that he "never blotted a line". Nothing indeed was ever said by the artist himself about his state of mind until the eighteenth century perhaps. Rousseau perhaps began it. At any rate, by the nineteenth century self-consciousness had developed so far that it was the habit for men of letters to describe their minds in confessions and autobiographies. Their lives also were written, and their letters were printed after their deaths. Thus, though we do not know what Shakespeare went through when he wrote Lear, we do know what Carlyle went through when he wrote the French Revolution; what Flaubert went through when he wrote Madame Bovary; what Keats was going through when he tried to write poetry against the coming of death and the indifference of the world.

那么,那位十六世纪出生时有诗歌天赋的女性,是个不幸的女人,一个与自我冲突的女人。她生活的所有条件、她自己的所有本能,都与释放脑中一切所需的心境敌对。但什么是最有利于创作行为的心境呢?我问道。人们能对促进并可能实现那种奇特活动的心境有所了解吗?这里我翻开包含莎士比亚悲剧的那卷书。例如,莎士比亚写李尔王和安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉时的心境是什么?那当然是有史以来最有利于诗歌的心境。但莎士比亚自己对此只字未提。我们只是偶然得知他“从不涂改一行”。事实上,艺术家自己关于心境的言论或许直到十八世纪才开始。卢梭或许开了头。无论如何,到十九世纪,自我意识已发展至文人习惯在忏悔和自传中描述自己的思想。他们的生平也被撰写,信件死后出版。因此,虽然我们不知道莎士比亚写李尔王时经历了什么,我们却知道卡莱尔写法国大革命时经历了什么;福楼拜写包法利夫人时经历了什么;济慈试图在死亡临近和世界漠然中写诗时经历了什么。

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propitious /prəˈpɪʃəs/
adj. 有利的,吉利的
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casually /ˈkæʒuəli/
adv. 偶然地,随意地
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blotted /blɒtɪd/
v. 涂改,弄脏
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self-consciousness /ˌself ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/
n. 自我意识,自觉
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confessions /kənˈfeʃnz/
n. 忏悔录,自白书

从这庞大的现代忏悔和自我分析文学中,人们得知创作天才作品几乎总是异常困难的壮举。一切都不利于它从作者脑海中完整涌现。通常物质环境不利。狗会吠叫;人们会打断;必须赚钱;健康会崩溃。此外,加剧所有这些困难并使它们更难忍受的是世界臭名昭著的漠然。它不要求人们写诗、小说和历史;它不需要它们。它不在乎福楼拜是否找到正确的词,或卡莱尔是否一丝不苟地验证这个或那个事实。自然,它不会为不需要的东西付钱。因此作家,济慈、福楼拜、卡莱尔,受苦,尤其在青春的创作年华,承受各种分心和挫败。诅咒、痛苦的呼喊从那些分析和忏悔的书中升起。“伟大诗人在苦难中死去”--那是他们歌谣的主调。如果尽管如此仍有作品诞生,那是奇迹,或许没有一本书如构思时那样完整无损地来到世间。

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prodigious /prəˈdɪdʒəs/
adj. 巨大的;惊人的
🔊
accentuating /əkˈsɛntʃueɪtɪŋ/
v. 强调;加重
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notorious /nəʊˈtɔːriəs/
adj. 臭名昭著的
🔊
scrupulously /ˈskruːpjʊləsli/
adv. 一丝不苟地;谨慎地
🔊
distraction /dɪˈstrækʃən/
n. 分心;干扰
🔊
discouragement /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/
n. 沮丧;劝阻
🔊
uncrippled /ʌnˈkrɪpəld/
adj. 未残废的;完整的
🔊
conceived /kənˈsiːvd/
v. 构思;设想
🔊 But for women, I thought, looking at the empty shelves, these difficulties were infinitely more formidable. In the first place, to have a room of her own, let alone a quiet room or a sound-proof room, was out of the question, unless her parents were exceptionally rich or very noble, even up to the beginning of the nineteenth century. Since her pin money, which depended on the goodwill of her father, was only enough to keep her clothed, she was debarred from such alleviations as came even to Keats or Tennyson or Carlyle, all poor men, from a walking tour, a little journey to France, from the separate lodging which, even if it were miserable enough, sheltered them from the claims and tyrannies of their families. Such material difficulties were formidable; but much worse were the immaterial. The indifference of the world which Keats and Flaubert and other men of genius have found so hard to bear was in her case not indifference but hostility. The world did not say to her as it said to them, Write if you choose; it makes no difference to me. The world said with a guffaw, Write? What's the good of your writing? Here the psychologists of Newnham and Girton might come to our help, I thought, looking again at the blank spaces on the shelves. For surely it is time that the effect of discouragement upon the mind of the artist should be measured, as I have seen a dairy company measure the effect of ordinary milk and Grade A milk upon the body of the rat. They set two rats in cages side by side, and of the two one was furtive, timid and small, and the other was glossy, bold and big. Now what food do we feed women as artists upon? I asked, remembering, I suppose, that dinner of prunes and custard. To answer that question I had only to open the evening paper and to read that Lord Birkenhead is of opinion--but really I am not going to trouble to copy out Lord Birkenhead's opinion upon the writing of women. What Dean Inge says I will leave in peace. The Harley Street specialist may be allowed to rouse the echoes of Harley Street with his vociferations without raising a hair on my head. I will quote, however, Mr. Oscar Browning, because Mr. Oscar Browning was a great figure in Cambridge at one time, and used to examine the students at Girton and Newnham. Mr. Oscar Browning was wont to declare "that the impression left on his mind, after looking over any set of examination papers, was that, irrespective of the marks he might give, the best woman was intellectually the inferior of the worst man". After saying that Mr. Browning went back to his rooms--and it is this sequel that endears him and makes him a human figure of some bulk and majesty--he went back to his rooms and found a stable-boy lying on the sofa--"a mere skeleton, his cheeks were cavernous and sallow, his teeth were black, and he did not appear to have the full use of his limbs.... 'That's Arthur' [said Mr. Browning]. 'He's a dear boy really and most high-minded.'" The two pictures always seem to me to complete each other. And happily in this age of biography the two pictures often do complete each other, so that we are able to interpret the opinions of great men not only by what they say, but by what they do.

但对于女性,我想,看着空荡荡的书架,这些困难无限地更可怕。首先,拥有自己的房间,更不用说安静或隔音的房间,是不可能的,除非她的父母异常富有或高贵,即使到十九世纪初也是如此。由于她的零用钱依赖于父亲的好意,仅够穿衣,她被剥夺了连济慈、丁尼生或卡莱尔这些穷人都享有的缓解--一次徒步旅行、一次法国小游、分开的住所,即使足够悲惨,也庇护他们免受家庭的要求和暴政。这些物质困难是可怕的;但更糟的是非物质方面。济慈和福楼拜等天才男性发现难以忍受的世界漠然,在她那里不是漠然而是敌意。世界不像对他们那样对她说,想写就写;这对我无关紧要。世界大笑着说,写?你写有什么好处?这里纽纳姆学院和格顿学院的心理学家或许能帮助我们,我想,再次看着书架上的空白处。因为确实该是时候衡量挫败感对艺术家心灵的影响了,就像我曾见乳品公司衡量普通牛奶和甲级牛奶对老鼠身体的影响。他们把两只老鼠放在相邻笼子里,其中一只鬼祟、胆小、瘦小,另一只光泽、大胆、肥大。那么,我们以什么滋养女性艺术家呢?我问道,大概想起了那顿梅干和蛋奶冻的晚餐。要回答这个问题,我只需翻开晚报,读到伯肯黑德勋爵的意见--但我真的不想费力抄录伯肯黑德勋爵关于女性写作的意见。英奇教长的话我暂且搁置。哈利街的专家或许被允许用他的喧哗唤醒哈利街的回声,却不会让我动一根头发。然而,我将引用奥斯卡·布朗宁先生的话,因为奥斯卡·布朗宁先生曾是剑桥的重要人物,常考察格顿学院和纽纳姆学院的学生。奥斯卡·布朗宁先生惯常宣称,“翻阅任何一组试卷后,留在他心中的印象是,无论他给多少分,最优秀的女性在智力上也不如最差的男性”。说完这话,布朗宁先生回到房间--正是这后续使他可亲,成为有些分量和威严的人物--他回到房间,发现一个马童躺在沙发上--“一个纯粹的骨架,脸颊凹陷蜡黄,牙齿发黑,似乎四肢不全……‘那是亚瑟,’[布朗宁先生说],‘他真是个可爱的孩子,非常高尚。’”这两幅画在我看似乎总是相互补充。幸运的是,在这传记时代,这两幅画常相互补充,使我们不仅能通过他们说什么,还能通过他们做什么来解释伟人的意见。

🔊
formidable /ˈfɔːmɪdəbl/
adj. 可怕的;难对付的
🔊
sound-proof /ˈsaʊnd pruːf/
adj. 隔音的
🔊
pin money /ˈpɪn ˌmʌni/
n. 零用钱;私房钱
🔊
debarred /dɪˈbɑːd/
v. 阻止;排除
🔊
alleviations /əˌliːviˈeɪʃənz/
n. 缓解;减轻
🔊
tyrannies /ˈtɪrəniz/
n. 暴政;专制
🔊
immaterial /ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl/
adj. 非物质的;不重要的
🔊
hostility /hɒˈstɪləti/
n. 敌意;敌对
🔊
guffaw /ɡəˈfɔː/
n. 哄笑;大笑
🔊
psychologists /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪsts/
n. 心理学家
🔊
blank spaces /blæŋk ˈspeɪsɪz/
n. 空白处;空缺
🔊
furtive /ˈfɜːtɪv/
adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的;偷偷的
🔊
glossy /ˈɡlɒsi/
adj. 光滑的;有光泽的
🔊
vociferations /vəˌsɪfəˈreɪʃənz/
n. 大声叫喊;喧嚷
🔊
wont /wəʊnt/
adj. 习惯于;惯常的
🔊
cavernous /ˈkævənəs/
adj. 似洞穴的;深陷的
🔊
sallow /ˈsæləʊ/
adj. 灰黄色的;病态的
🔊
high-minded /ˌhaɪ ˈmaɪndɪd/
adj. 高尚的;思想崇高的
🔊 But though this is possible now, such opinions coming from the lips of important people must have been formidable enough even fifty years ago. Let us suppose that a father from the highest motives did not wish his daughter to leave home and become writer, painter or scholar. "See what Mr. Oscar Browning says," he would say; and there was not only Mr. Oscar Browning; there was the Saturday Review; there was Mr. Greg--the "essentials of a woman's being," said Mr. Greg emphatically, "are that they are supported by, and they minister to, men"--there was an enormous body of masculine opinion to the effect that nothing could be expected of women intellectually. Even if her father did not read out loud these opinions, any girl could read them for herself; and the reading, even in the nineteenth century, must have lowered her vitality, and told profoundly upon her work. There would always have been that assertion--you cannot do this, you are incapable of doing that--to protest against, to overcome. Probably for a novelist this germ is no longer of much effect; for there have been women novelists of merit. But for painters it must still have some sting in it; and for musicians, I imagine, is even now active and poisonous in the extreme. The woman composer stands where the actress stood in the time of Shakespeare. Nick Greene, I thought, remembering the story I had made about Shakespeare's sister, said that a woman acting put him in mind of a dog dancing. Johnson repeated the phrase two hundred years later of women preaching. And here, I said, opening a book about music, we have the very words used again in this year of grace, 1928, of women who try to write music. "Of Mlle. Germaine Tailleferre one can only repeat Dr. Johnson's dictum concerning a woman preacher, transposed into terms of music. 'Sir, a woman's composing is like a dog's walking on his hind legs. It is not done well, but you are surprised to find it done at all.'"6 So accurately does history repeat itself.

但尽管这在现在可能,五十年前重要人物口中说出这样的意见必定已足够可怕。假设一位父亲出于最高动机不希望女儿离家成为作家、画家或学者。“看奥斯卡·布朗宁先生怎么说,”他会说;而且不仅有奥斯卡·布朗宁先生;还有星期六评论;有格雷格先生--“女性存在的本质,”格雷格先生强调道,“是她们被男性支持,并为男性服务”--有大量的男性意见认为,在智力上对女性根本不能抱有任何指望。即使她父亲不朗读这些意见,任何女孩都能自己读到;这种阅读,即使在十九世纪,也必定削弱她的活力,深刻影响她的工作。总会有那种断言--你不能做这个,你没能力做那个--要抗议、要克服。或许对小说家来说,这病菌已不再有效;因为已有优秀的女小说家。但对画家来说,它必定仍有刺痛;对音乐家,我想,至今仍活跃且极其恶毒。女性作曲家的处境如同莎士比亚时代的女演员。尼克·格林,我想起我编造的莎士比亚妹妹的故事,曾说女人演戏让他想到狗跳舞。约翰逊两百年后重复这话形容女人布道。这里,我说,翻开一本关于音乐的书,我们在1928年这恩典之年又看到同样的话用在尝试写音乐的女性身上。“对于热尔梅娜·塔耶费尔小姐,只能重复约翰逊博士关于女布道者的话,用音乐术语转述一下便是。‘先生,女人作曲就像狗用后腿走路。做得不好,但你会惊讶它居然做了。’”历史如此精确地重演。

🔊
emphatically /ɪmˈfætɪkli/
adv. 强调地;断然地
🔊
masculine /ˈmæskjəlɪn/
adj. 男性的;男子气概的
🔊
vitality /vaɪˈtæləti/
n. 活力;生命力
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poisonous /ˈpɔɪzənəs/
adj. 有毒的;恶毒的
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composer /kəmˈpəʊzə/
n. 作曲家
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dictum /ˈdɪktəm/
n. 格言;权威声明
🔊
transposed /trænsˈpəʊzd/
v. 转换;调换
🔊
accurately /ˈækjərətli/
adv. 准确地;精确地
🔊 Thus, I concluded, shutting Mr. Oscar Browning's life and pushing away the rest, it is fairly evident that even in the nineteenth century a woman was not encouraged to be an artist. On the contrary, she was snubbed, slapped, lectured and exhorted. Her mind must have been strained and her vitality lowered by the need of opposing this, of disproving that. For here again we come within range of that very interesting and obscure masculine complex which has had so much influence upon the woman's movement; that deep-seated desire, not so much that she shall be inferior as that he shall be superior, which plants him wherever one looks, not only in front of the arts, but barring the way to politics too, even when the risk to himself seems infinitesimal and the suppliant humble and devoted. Even Lady Bessborough, I remembered, with all her passion for politics, must humbly bow herself and write to Lord Granville Leveson-Gower: "... notwithstanding all my violence in politicks and talking so much on that subject, I perfectly agree with you that no woman has any business to meddle with that or any other serious business, farther than giving her opinion (if she is ask'd)." And so she goes on to spend her enthusiasm where it meets with no obstacle whatsoever, upon that immensely important subject, Lord Granville's maiden speech in the House of Commons. The spectacle is certainly a strange one, I thought. The history of men's opposition to women's emancipation is more interesting perhaps than the story of that emancipation itself. An amusing book might be made of it if some young student at Girton or Newnham would collect examples and deduce a theory,--but she would need thick gloves on her hands, and bars to protect her of solid gold.

于是,我合上奥斯卡·布朗宁先生的生平,推开其余,得出结论:相当明显,即使在十九世纪,女性也不被鼓励成为艺术家。相反,她被呵斥、掌掴、说教和劝诫。她的心灵必定因需要反对这个、反驳那个而紧张,活力降低。因为这里我们又触及那个非常有趣而晦涩的男性情结,它对女性运动产生如此多影响;那种根深蒂固的欲望,与其说她应低劣,不如说他应优越,这使他无处不在,不仅挡在艺术前,也阻隔政治之路,即使风险对他微乎其微,恳求者谦卑忠诚。甚至贝斯伯勒夫人,我记得,尽管对政治充满热情,也必须谦卑鞠躬,写信给格兰维尔·莱韦森-高尔勋爵:“……尽管我在政治上激烈且多谈,我完全同意你,女性无权干涉那或其他严肃事务,除了给予意见(如果被问)。”于是她继续将热情投入毫无障碍的领域,在格兰维尔勋爵在下议院的首次演讲这极其重要的话题上。这景象当然奇怪,我想。男性反对女性解放的历史或许比解放本身的故事更有趣。如果格顿学院或纽纳姆学院的年轻学生收集例子并推导理论,或许能写出一本有趣的书--但她需要戴上厚手套,用实金栏杆保护自己。

🔊
snubbed /snʌbd/
v. 冷落;怠慢
🔊
exhorted /ɪɡˈzɔːtɪd/
v. 劝诫;敦促
🔊
strained /streɪnd/
adj. 紧张的;拉紧的
🔊
disproving /dɪsˈpruːvɪŋ/
v. 反驳;证明...为误
🔊
obscure /əbˈskjʊə/
adj. 模糊的;不出名的
🔊
complex /ˈkɒmpleks/
n. 情结;复合体
🔊
deep-seated /ˌdiːp ˈsiːtɪd/
adj. 根深蒂固的
🔊
infinitesimal /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪməl/
adj. 极小的;微不足道的
🔊
suppliant /ˈsʌpliənt/
n. 恳求者;哀求者
🔊
violence /ˈvaɪələns/
n. 暴力;猛烈
🔊
meddle /ˈmedl/
v. 干涉;管闲事
🔊
emancipation /ɪˌmænsɪˈpeɪʃən/
n. 解放;释放
🔊
deduce /dɪˈdjuːs/
v. 推断;演绎

但我想起,现在有趣的事,曾经必须绝望地认真对待。我向你保证,那些现在被贴在标为“公鸡啼叫”书中的意见,曾让人流泪,在夏夜读给特定听众。在你的祖母和曾祖母中,有许多人哭瞎了眼睛。弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔在痛苦中尖叫。此外,对你来说很容易,你已进入大学,拥有起居室--或只是卧室兼起居室?--说天才应超然于外,不在乎他人议论。不幸的是,恰恰是天才的男女最在意别人怎么说。记住济慈。记住他刻在墓碑上的话。想想丁尼生;想想--但我无需列举这不可否认却非常不幸的事实的例子,即艺术家天性过度在意别人对他的评价。文学中散落着因过度在意他人意见而毁掉的人的残骸。

🔊
recollected /ˌrekəˈlektɪd/
v. 回忆;想起
🔊
cock-a-doodle-dum /ˌkɒk ə ˌduːdl ˈdʌm/
n. 模仿公鸡叫声的拟声词;无意义的话
🔊
disregard /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːd/
v. 忽视;不顾
🔊
strewn /struːn/
v. 散落;撒满
🔊
wreckage /ˈrekɪdʒ/
n. 残骸;破坏

我想,回到我最初关于何种心境最有利于创作工作的探究,他们这种敏感是双倍不幸的,因为艺术家的心灵,为了完成释放内在作品的巨大努力,必须炽热无碍,像莎士比亚的心灵,我猜测,看着摊开在安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉的书。其中必须没有障碍,不掺杂半点未经淬炼的杂质。

🔊
susceptibility /səˌsɛptəˈbɪləti/
n. 易感性;敏感性
🔊
doubly /ˈdʌbli/
adv. 双重地;加倍地
🔊
incandescent /ˌɪnkænˈdɛsənt/
adj. 白炽的;热烈的
🔊
conjectured /kənˈdʒɛktʃərd/
v. 推测;猜测
🔊
unconsumed /ˌʌnkənˈsjuːmd/
adj. 未消耗的;未使用的

因为尽管我们说我们对莎士比亚的心境一无所知,但即使这样说,我们也在说关于莎士比亚心境的什么。或许我们之所以对莎士比亚知之甚少--相比多恩、本·琼森或弥尔顿--是因为他的怨恨、恶意和反感对我们隐藏。我们没有被某些“启示”拦住,提醒我们作者的存在。所有抗议、说教、宣称伤害、报仇、让世界见证某些困苦或冤屈的欲望,都从他身上燃尽消耗。因此他的诗歌从他那里自由无阻地流淌。如果有人曾将自己的作品完全表达,那就是莎士比亚。如果有心灵曾炽热无碍,我想,再次转向书架,那就是莎士比亚的心灵。

🔊
grudges /ˈɡrʌdʒɪz/
n. 怨恨;积怨
🔊
spites /spaɪts/
n. 恶意;怨恨
🔊
antipathies /ænˈtɪpəθiz/
n. 反感;厌恶
🔊
revelation /ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən/
n. 启示;揭露
🔊
proclaim /prəˈkleɪm/
v. 宣告;宣布
🔊
pay off a score /peɪ ɒf ə skɔːr/
v. phr. 报复;算旧账
🔊
hardship /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/
n. 艰难;困苦
🔊
grievance /ˈɡriːvəns/
n. 不满;委屈
🔊
unimpeded /ˌʌnɪmˈpiːdɪd/
adj. 不受阻碍的;通畅的
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