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Chapter nine: The Ponds (第九章:池塘)

探索《瓦尔登湖》第9章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇解析以及英文原声音频。边听边学,提升阅读技巧。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

有时,我对人世的交际与闲谈已感餍足,村中友人亦皆疏远,我便信步漫游,向西走得比惯常的居所更远,踏入镇子里更为人迹罕至的角落,“奔向新鲜的树林与新的牧场”;或是趁夕阳西下时,在费尔黑文山岗上以越橘和蓝莓果腹,并储备数日之需。这些果实不会向购买者、亦不会向为市场而种植它们的人展露其真味。欲得真味,唯有一途,然涉足者寥寥。若想知晓越橘的滋味,去问牧童或山鹑吧。从未亲手采摘却自以为尝过越橘,实乃庸俗之谬。越橘从未抵达波士顿;自它在她的三座小山生长以来,便未闻其名。果实的神髓与精华,随着在集市马车上被蹭落的花粉一同消逝,它们便沦为了仅能果腹的寻常饲料。只要永恒正义主宰着世间,便没有一颗无辜的越橘能从乡野的山岗被运往那都市。

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surfeit /ˈsɜːfɪt/
n. 过量,过度;饮食过度
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unfrequented /ˌʌnfrɪˈkwentɪd/
adj. 人迹罕至的,冷僻的
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huckleberries /ˈhʌk(ə)lˌberiz/
n. (北美产的)越橘类浆果
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vulgar error /ˌvʌlɡə(r) ˈerə(r)/
n. phrase. 常见错误,普遍误解
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plucked /plʌkt/
v. (past participle). 摘取,拔
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ambrosial /æmˈbrəʊziəl/
adj. 美味的,芬芳的;(尤指)神享用的
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provender /ˈprɒv(ə)ndə(r)/
n. (家畜的)饲料,秣草;食物(诙谐用法)
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Eternal Justice /ɪˌtɜːn(ə)l ˈdʒʌstɪs/
n. phrase. 永恒的正义
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transported /trænˈspɔːtɪd/
v. (past participle). 运输,运送;使心醉神迷

偶尔,一日锄地完毕,我会加入某位不耐烦的伙伴,他自清晨起便已在池塘边垂钓,静默如鸭、如浮叶,纹丝不动,在实践了各式各样的哲学后,待我到达时,通常已得出结论,认为自己属于修道院修士那古老的教派。有位年长者,是位出色的渔夫,精通各类林间技艺,他很乐于把我的房子看作是为了渔夫的便利而建造的;而当他在我门口坐下整理钓线时,我也同样感到欣喜。我们偶尔会一同坐在池塘上,他坐在船的一端,我坐在另一端;但我们之间话语不多,因为他晚年耳朵聋了,不过他会偶尔哼唱一首赞美诗,这与我的哲学颇为和谐。我们的交往因而全然是一种不间断的和谐,回想起来远比言语交谈更令人愉悦。通常,当无人可以交谈时,我习惯用桨敲打船舷以激起回声,让周遭的树林充满回旋扩散的声响,惊扰它们,如同动物园管理员惊扰他的野兽,直到每一处林木掩映的溪谷和山坡都传来低沉的吼声。

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impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt/
adj. 不耐烦的,急躁的;渴望的
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Coenobites /ˈsiːnəˌbaɪts/
n. (聚居的)修道院修士(与隐士相对)
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woodcraft /ˈwʊdkrɑːft/
n. 森林知识(如寻找方向、狩猎等);木工手艺
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harmonized /ˈhɑːmənaɪzd/
v. (past tense). 使和谐,使协调;为…配上和声
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commune /kəˈmjuːn/
v. 亲密交谈,交流;与…融为一体
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elicited /ɪˈlɪsɪtɪd/
v. (past tense). 引出,引起;诱出
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menagerie /məˈnædʒəri/
n. (供展览的)一群野生动物;动物园(尤指小型或私人的)
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growl /ɡraʊl/
n. (动物的)咆哮声,低吼声
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vale /veɪl/
n. 山谷,溪谷(多用于诗歌或地名)

在温暖的傍晚,我时常坐在船中吹奏长笛,看着那些似乎被我笛声迷住的鲈鱼在我周围盘旋,月亮则在覆满森林残骸、波纹如肋的湖底穿行。从前,在黑暗的夏夜,我曾不时冒险来到这个池塘,与一位同伴一起,在紧挨水边的地方生起篝火--我们以为这能吸引鱼儿--用一串穿在细线上的虫子钓起鮈鱼。待夜深之时,我们便将燃烧的木柴高高抛向空中,如同烟火;它们落入池塘,发出响亮的嘶嘶声后熄灭,我们便突然陷入全然的黑暗中摸索。穿过这片黑暗,我们吹着口哨,再次踏上返回人烟聚集之地的路。但如今,我已在水边安下了家。

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perch /pɜːtʃ/
n. 鲈鱼;栖木;高位
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ribbed /rɪbd/
adj. 有棱纹的,呈肋状的
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strewed /struːd/
v. (past tense). 撒,散播;布满
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wrecks /reks/
n. 残骸(尤指失事船、飞机的);(精神或健康)受到严重损害的人
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adventurously /ədˈventʃ(ə)rəsli/
adv. 冒险地;爱冒险地
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pouts /paʊts/
n. 鲶鱼(一种淡水鱼,复数形式)
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skyrockets /ˈskaɪˌrɒkɪts/
n. 烟花,冲天炮
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quenched /kwentʃt/
v. (past tense). 熄灭(火焰);解(渴)
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hissing /ˈhɪsɪŋ/
n. 嘶嘶声
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groping /ˈɡrəʊpɪŋ/
v. (present participle). 摸索;探寻
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haunts /hɔːnts/
n. 常去之地(复数形式)

有时,在村庄客厅待到全家人都已就寝后,我回到树林,部分是为次日的晚餐着想,在午夜时分借着月光泛舟垂钓,猫头鹰和狐狸为我奏着小夜曲,还不时听到近处某种不知名鸟儿吱嘎的鸣叫。这些经历于我而言非常难忘且珍贵--锚定在四十英尺深的水中,离岸二三十竿远,有时被成千上万的小鲈鱼和闪鳞鱼环绕,它们的尾巴在月光下激起层层涟漪,又通过一根长长的亚麻钓线,与四十英尺下那些神秘夜行鱼类沟通着。有时,随着我在柔和的夜风中漂荡,拖着六十英尺长的钓线绕湖而行,会不时感到线上传来轻微的颤动,预示着某种生命正在钓钩末端逡巡,带着迟钝而犹豫不决的目的,迟迟下不了决心。最终,你双手交替,慢慢地往上拉,将某条长着角的咕噜鱼拽出水面,它吱吱叫着,扭动着进入上方的空气。这感觉非常奇异,尤其是在漆黑的夜晚,当你的思绪已飘向其他领域那些浩瀚而关乎宇宙起源的主题时,却感到这微弱的牵动,它打断了你的梦境,又将你与自然重新联结起来。仿佛我下次可以将钓线向上抛入空气,如同向下抛入这池水,而两者的密度也相差无几。就这样,我仿佛一钩钓到了两条鱼。

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parlor /ˈpɑːlə(r)/
n. 客厅,起居室;(某些店铺的)营业室
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serenaded /ˌserəˈneɪdɪd/
v. (past participle). 对…唱小夜曲
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owls /aʊlz/
n. 猫头鹰(复数形式)
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creaking /ˈkriːkɪŋ/
adj. 吱吱作响的
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memorable /ˈmem(ə)rəb(ə)l/
adj. 难忘的,值得纪念的
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anchored /ˈæŋkəd/
v. (past participle). 抛锚,使固定;使扎根
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rods /rɒdz/
n. 杆,竿(长度单位,约等于5.03米;也指钓竿);棒(复数形式)
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shiners /ˈʃaɪnəz/
n. (小型、闪亮的)银色鱼类(复数形式,常见的有欧鳊等)
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dimpling /ˈdɪmplɪŋ/
v. (present participle). 使起涟漪;使起凹痕(如酒窝)
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flaxen /ˈflæks(ə)n/
adj. 亚麻色的;亚麻制的
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nocturnal /nɒkˈtɜːn(ə)l/
adj. 夜间的,夜间活动的;夜曲的
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prowling /ˈpraʊlɪŋ/
v. (present participle). 潜行,徘徊(尤指伺机捕食或做坏事)
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blundering /ˈblʌndərɪŋ/
adj. 笨拙的,犯大错的
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horned pout /hɔːnd paʊt/
n. phrase. 有角鲶鱼(一种北美鲶鱼)
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squeaking /ˈskwiːkɪŋ/
v. (present participle). 吱吱叫,发出短促的尖声
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squirming /ˈskwɜːmɪŋ/
v. (present participle). 蠕动,扭动(尤指因不适或尴尬)
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cosmogonal /kɒzˈmɒɡən(ə)l/
adj. 宇宙起源的
🔊 The scenery of Walden is on a humble scale, and, though very beautiful, does not approach to grandeur, nor can it much concern one who has not long frequented it or lived by its shore; yet this pond is so remarkable for its depth and purity as to merit a particular description. It is a clear and deep green well, half a mile long and a mile and three quarters in circumference, and contains about sixty-one and a half acres; a perennial spring in the midst of pine and oak woods, without any visible inlet or outlet except by the clouds and evaporation. The surrounding hills rise abruptly from the water to the height of forty to eighty feet, though on the southeast and east they attain to about one hundred and one hundred and fifty feet respectively, within a quarter and a third of a mile. They are exclusively woodland. All our Concord waters have two colors at least; one when viewed at a distance, and another, more proper, close at hand. The first depends more on the light, and follows the sky. In clear weather, in summer, they appear blue at a little distance, especially if agitated, and at a great distance all appear alike. In stormy weather they are sometimes of a dark slate-color. The sea, however, is said to be blue one day and green another without any perceptible change in the atmosphere. I have seen our river, when, the landscape being covered with snow, both water and ice were almost as green as grass. Some consider blue "to be the color of pure water, whether liquid or solid." But, looking directly down into our waters from a boat, they are seen to be of very different colors. Walden is blue at one time and green at another, even from the same point of view. Lying between the earth and the heavens, it partakes of the color of both. Viewed from a hilltop it reflects the color of the sky; but near at hand it is of a yellowish tint next the shore where you can see the sand, then a light green, which gradually deepens to a uniform dark green in the body of the pond. In some lights, viewed even from a hilltop, it is of a vivid green next the shore. Some have referred this to the reflection of the verdure; but it is equally green there against the railroad sandbank, and in the spring, before the leaves are expanded, and therefore may be simply the result of the prevailing blue mixed with the yellow of the sand. Such is the color of its iris. That is another portion of the same water viewed from a bridge, where you look down at it from the east, you see it is a very dark green, owing to the weeds at the bottom; and from that same point of view in another part of the year it is of a yellowish color from the same cause; but from the north shore, where our bathing-place is, and which is immediately under the deep water, it is of a crystalline purity, and a beautiful light green, which could not be distinguished from that of the waves of the sea but by its tranquility. In such a water as this you may see a fish a quarter of a mile off, as it swims about, with its back of the color of the bottom, and when it turns on its side, the flash of its silver belly reveals it. In summer, when the surface is rippled by the wind, you may see the same color from a boat in almost any part of the pond.

瓦尔登湖的景致规模不大,虽然非常美丽,却谈不上宏伟,对于那些不曾长期造访或居住湖畔的人来说,也无关紧要;然而这个池塘以其深度和纯净而格外引人注目,值得特别描述。它是一口清澈而深绿的井,半英里长,一又四分之三英里周长,面积约六十一又二分之一英亩;是松树和橡树林中的一股常年不竭的泉水,除了云朵和蒸发,没有可见的入口或出口。周围的丘陵从水中陡然升起,高达四十到八十英尺,尽管在东南和东面,它们分别在四分之一和三分之一英里内达到约一百和一百五十英尺。它们全是林地。我们所有康科德的水域至少有两种颜色:一种是远观时的颜色,另一种是近看时更为确切的颜色。前者更多地取决于光线,随天空而变化。在晴朗的夏日,它们在稍远处呈现蓝色,尤其当水面波动时;在极远处则看起来都一样。在暴风雨天气,它们有时呈深石板色。然而,据说大海会一日蓝,一日绿,而大气中并无明显变化。我曾见过我们的河流,当大地被白雪覆盖时,水和冰都几乎绿如青草。有人认为蓝色“是纯净水的颜色,无论是液态还是固态”。但从船上直接俯视我们的水域,会发现它们的颜色迥然不同。瓦尔登湖一时蓝,一时绿,甚至从同一视角看也是如此。它介于天地之间,分享了两者的色彩。从山顶看,它反射天空的颜色;但近处看,岸边你能看到沙子的地方呈淡黄色,然后是浅绿色,逐渐加深到湖心均匀的深绿色。在某些光线下,即使从山顶看,岸边也是鲜绿色。有人将此归因于草木的倒影;但它在铁路沙岸对面也同样绿,且在春季树叶尚未舒展时亦然,因此可能只是普遍的蓝色与沙子的黄色混合的结果。此即其虹彩之色。从桥上观看,这是同一片水的另一部分,当你从东边俯视,会看到它呈非常深的绿色,这是由于水底的杂草;在一年中的另一时期,从同一视角看,因同样原因呈淡黄色;但从北岸--我们的游泳处所在,那里紧挨深水--它则晶莹纯净,呈美丽的浅绿色,若非其平静无波,几乎无法与海浪的色泽区分。在这样的水中,你可以看到四分之一英里外的一条鱼游动,它的背部颜色与水底相同,当它侧身时,银白色腹部的闪光便显露出来。夏季,当水面被风吹起涟漪时,你几乎可以从船上任何位置看到同样的颜色。

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humble /ˈhʌmb(ə)l/
adj. 谦虚的;低下的,简陋的
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grandeur /ˈɡrændʒə(r)/
n. 宏伟,壮丽;崇高
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frequented /ˈfriːkwentɪd/
v. (past participle). 常去,时常出入于
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remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəb(ə)l/
adj. 非凡的,显著的;值得注意的
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perennial /pəˈreniəl/
adj. 多年生的;长期的,持续的
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inlet /ˈɪnlet/
n. (水体的)进水口;小湾,小港
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outlet /ˈaʊtlet/
n. (水、气等的)出口,排放口;发泄(情感、精力等)的途径
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evaporation /ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
n. 蒸发;消失,消散
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abruptly /əˈbrʌptli/
adv. 突然地;唐突地
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attain /əˈteɪn/
v. 达到,获得;到达
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respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/
adv. 分别地,各自地
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exclusively /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/
adv. 专门地,独占地;排外地
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perceptible /pəˈseptəb(ə)l/
adj. 可察觉的,看得出的
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tint /tɪnt/
n. 色调,淡色;染发剂
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verdure /ˈvɜːdʒə(r)/
n. 青葱的草木,翠绿;新鲜
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prevailing /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/
adj. 盛行的,普遍的;占优势的
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crystalline /ˈkrɪstəlaɪn/
adj. 水晶般的,清澈透明的;结晶的
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tranquility /træŋˈkwɪləti/
n. 平静,安宁;宁静
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rippled /ˈrɪp(ə)ld/
v. (past tense). 使起涟漪;使呈波状

这就是从我窗中望去,池塘那永远变幻的容颜。天空的缤纷色调在其中重现,但更为鲜活,材质也更为纯净。它是一面镜子,没有石头能将其击裂,其水银永不磨损,其镀金由自然不断修复;没有风暴,没有尘埃,能使其常新的表面黯淡--这是一面镜子,所有呈现于其前的杂质都会沉没,被太阳那朦胧的画笔清扫除尘--这光的尘布--它不保留任何吹拂其上的气息,却将自己的气息送上高空,飘浮成云,依然映照在它的胸怀之中。

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ever-varying /ˌevə ˈveəriɪŋ/
adj. 不断变化的
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hues /hjuːz/
n. 色调,色彩(复数形式)
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quicksilver /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvə(r)/
n. 水银,汞;易变的事物
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gilding /ˈɡɪldɪŋ/
n. 镀金;金色涂层;虚饰
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dim /dɪm/
v. 使变暗淡;使模糊
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hazy /ˈheɪzi/
adj. 雾蒙蒙的;模糊的,朦胧的
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bosom /ˈbʊz(ə)m/
n. (尤指女性的)胸部;内心;怀抱

一片水域泄露了空气中的灵性。它持续从上方接收新的生命与律动。在本质上,它介于陆地与天空之间。陆地上只有草和树木摇曳,但水本身却被风激起涟漪。我从那光带或光斑中,看见微风掠过水面。值得注意的是,我们可以俯视它的表面。或许,我们最终也将如此俯视空气的表面,并标记那更为精微的灵性掠过的痕迹。

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betrays /bɪˈtreɪz/
v. 背叛;泄露(秘密等);显露(情感等)
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intermediate /ˌɪntəˈmiːdiət/
adj. 中间的,中级的
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streaks /striːks/
n. 条纹,条痕(复数形式)
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flakes /fleɪks/
n. 薄片,小片(复数形式)
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subtler /ˈsʌt(ə)lə(r)/
adj. 更微妙的;更精细的(subtle的比较级)
🔊 The skaters and water-bugs finally disappear in the latter part of October, when the severe frosts have come; and then and in November, usually, in a calm day, there is absolutely nothing to ripple the surface. One November afternoon, in the calm at the end of a rain-storm of several days' duration, when the sky was still completely overcast and the air was full of mist, I observed that the pond was remarkably smooth, so that it was difficult to distinguish its surface; though it no longer reflected the bright tints of October, but the sombre November colors of the surrounding hills. Though I passed over it as gently as possible, the slight undulations produced by my boat extended almost as far as I could see, and gave a ribbed appearance to the reflections. But, as I was looking over the surface, I saw here and there at a distance a faint glimmer, as if some skater insects which had escaped the frosts might be collected there, or, perchance, the surface, being so smooth, betrayed where a spring welled up from the bottom. Paddling gently to one of these places, I was surprised to find myself surrounded by myriads of small perch, about five inches long, of a rich bronze color in the green water, sporting there, and constantly rising to the surface and dimpling it, sometimes leaving bubbles on it. In such transparent and seemingly bottomless water, reflecting the clouds, I seemed to be floating through the air as in a balloon, and their swimming impressed me as a kind of flight or hovering, as if they were a compact flock of birds passing just beneath my level on the right or left, their fins, like sails, set all around them. There were many such schools in the pond, apparently improving the short season before winter would draw an icy shutter over their broad skylight, sometimes giving to the surface an appearance as if a slight breeze struck it, or a few rain-drops fell there. When I approached carelessly and alarmed them, they made a sudden splash and rippling with their tails, as if one had struck the water with a brushy bough, and instantly took refuge in the depths. At length the wind rose, the mist increased, and the waves began to run, and the perch leaped much higher than before, half out of water, a hundred black points, three inches long, at once above the surface. Even as late as the fifth of December, one year, I saw some dimples on the surface, and thinking it was going to rain hard immediately, the air being full of mist, I made haste to take my place at the oars and row homeward; already the rain seemed rapidly increasing, though I felt none on my cheek, and I anticipated a thorough soaking. But suddenly the dimples ceased, for they were produced by the perch, which the noise of my oars had seared into the depths, and I saw their schools dimly disappearing; so I spent a dry afternoon after all.

溜冰者和水虫终于在十月末严霜来临时消失;而后在十一月,通常在一个平静的日子,水面绝对没有任何东西能激起涟漪。一个十一月的下午,在持续数日的暴风雨结束时的宁静中,天空仍完全阴沉,空气充满薄雾,我观察到池塘异常平滑,以至于难以辨别其表面;虽然它不再反射十月的明亮色调,而是周围丘陵阴郁的十一月色彩。尽管我尽可能轻柔地划过水面,我小船产生的微弱涟漪仍延伸至几乎目力所及,给倒影带来肋状的外观。但当我注视水面时,我看到远处各处有微弱的闪光,仿佛一些逃脱了霜冻的溜冰昆虫可能聚集在那里,或者,或许因为水面如此平滑,泄露了水底有泉水涌出的位置。我轻轻划向其中一个地方,惊讶地发现自己被无数小鲈鱼包围,约五英寸长,在绿水中呈现出华美的青铜色,它们在那里嬉戏,不断浮上水面激起涟漪,有时留下气泡。在这般透明而看似无底、倒映着云朵的水中,我仿佛乘着气球漂浮在空中,它们的游动给我一种飞翔或盘旋的印象,仿佛它们是一群紧凑的鸟儿,恰好在我水平线下方左右掠过,它们的鳍像帆一样在周身展开。池塘中有许多这样的鱼群,显然在利用冬季将用冰封住它们那广阔天窗之前的短暂季节,有时使水面呈现出仿佛微风吹过或几滴雨落下的样子。当我漫不经心地接近并惊扰了它们时,它们用尾巴突然溅起水花和涟漪,仿佛有人用多枝的树枝击打水面,瞬间便躲入深处。最终,风起了,雾浓了,波浪开始奔涌,鲈鱼比之前跳得更高,半身跃出水面,上百个三英寸长的黑点,同时出现在水面上方。甚至迟至十二月五日,有一年,我看到水面上有些涟漪,以为马上就要下大雨--空气中充满薄雾--我急忙坐上划桨位划回家;雨似乎已在迅速加大,尽管我脸上感觉不到,我预料会被淋得透湿。但突然涟漪停止了,因为它们是由鲈鱼产生的,我划桨的声响将它们吓入了深处,我看到它们的鱼群朦胧地消失了;就这样,我终究度过了一个干燥的下午。

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skaters /ˈskeɪtəz/
n. 滑冰者;(此处可能指滑水昆虫)(复数形式)
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water-bugs /ˈwɔːtə bʌɡz/
n. 水虫,水黾(复数形式)
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severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/
adj. 严重的;严厉的;严峻的
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overcast /ˌəʊvəˈkɑːst/
adj. 阴天的,多云的
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mist /mɪst/
n. 薄雾,水汽
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sombre /ˈsɒmbə(r)/
adj. 阴沉的;忧郁的;暗淡的
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undulations /ˌʌndjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/
n. 波动,起伏(复数形式)
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glimmer /ˈɡlɪmə(r)/
n. 微光;微量,一丝
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perchance /pəˈtʃɑːns/
adv. 或许,可能(古语或诙谐用法)
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myriads /ˈmɪriədz/
n. 无数,极大数量(复数形式)
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bronze /brɒnz/
adj. 青铜色的,古铜色的
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transparent /trænsˈpærənt/
adj. 透明的;明显的,易懂的
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compact /kəmˈpækt/
adj. 紧凑的;小巧的;紧密的
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flock /flɒk/
n. (鸟、羊等的)群;人群
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bough /baʊ/
n. 大树枝,粗树枝
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refuge /ˈrefjuːdʒ/
n. 避难所,庇护;慰藉
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oars /ɔːz/
n. 桨,橹(复数形式)
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seared /sɪəd/
v. (past tense). (用高温)烧灼;烧焦;使受到精神创伤
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dimly /ˈdɪmli/
adv. 模糊地;暗淡地
🔊 An old man who used to frequent this pond nearly sixty years ago, when it was dark with surrounding forests, tells me that in those days he sometimes saw it all alive with ducks and other water-fowl, and that there were many eagles about it. He came here a-fishing, and used an old log canoe which he found on the shore. It was made of two white-pine logs dug out and pinned together, and was cut off square at the ends. It was very clumsy, but lasted a great many years before it became water-logged and perhaps sank to the bottom. He did not know whose it was; it belonged to the pond. He used to make a cable for his anchor of strips of hickory bark tied together. An old man, a potter, who lived by the pond before the Revolution, told him once that there was an iron chest at the bottom, and that he had seen it. Sometimes it would come floating up to the shore; but when you went toward it, it would go back into deep water and disappear. I was pleased to hear of the old log canoe, which took the place of an Indian one of the same material but more graceful construction, which perchance had first been a tree on the bank, and then, as it were, fell into the water, to float there for a generation, the most proper vessel for the lake. I remember that when I first looked into these depths there were many large trunks to be seen indistinctly lying on the bottom, which had either been blown over formerly, or left on the ice at the last cutting, when wood was cheaper; but now they have mostly disappeared.

一位约六十年前常来这个池塘的老人告诉我,那时周围浓密的森林使池塘显得昏暗,他看到它有时满是鸭子和其他水禽,还有许多鹰在周围盘旋。他来此钓鱼,用了一艘在岸上发现的旧圆木独木舟。它由两根挖空的白松木钉在一起制成,两端截成方形。它非常笨拙,但用了很多年才浸水沉没,或许已沉入水底。他不知道它属于谁;它属于这个池塘。他过去常用山核桃树皮条捆在一起做锚缆。一位革命前住在池塘边的陶工老人曾告诉他,水底有一个铁箱,他见过。有时它会浮到岸边;但当你走向它时,它会退回深水消失。我很高兴听到这艘旧圆木独木舟的故事,它取代了更优雅但同属木质材料的印第安人独木舟,那或许最初是岸边的一棵树,然后仿佛落入水中,在那里漂浮了一代人之久,是这湖泊最相宜的船只。我记得当我首次探视这幽深之处时,能看到许多粗大的树干模糊地躺在水底,它们要么是以前被风吹倒的,要么是最后一次伐木时留在冰上的--那时木材更便宜;但如今它们大多已消失了。

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water-fowl /ˈwɔːtə faʊl/
n. 水禽,水鸟
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eagles /ˈiːɡ(ə)lz/
n. 鹰(复数形式)
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canoe /kəˈnuː/
n. 独木舟,小划子
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clumsy /ˈklʌmzi/
adj. 笨拙的,不灵巧的;难处理的
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water-logged /ˈwɔːtə lɒɡd/
adj. 浸满水的;浸透的
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cable /ˈkeɪb(ə)l/
n. 缆绳,钢索;电缆
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anchor /ˈæŋkə(r)/
n. 锚;支柱,依靠
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hickory /ˈhɪkəri/
n. 山核桃树;山核桃木
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potter /ˈpɒtə(r)/
n. 陶工,制陶工人
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Revolution /ˌrevəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
n. 革命(此处大写,可能特指美国独立战争等)
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chest /tʃest/
n. 箱子;胸膛;金库
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graceful /ˈɡreɪsf(ə)l/
adj. 优雅的,优美的;得体的
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vessel /ˈves(ə)l/
n. 船,舰;容器,器皿
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indistinctly /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋktli/
adv. 模糊地,不清楚地

当我首次在瓦尔登湖上划船时,它完全被茂密高耸的松树和橡树林环绕,在一些水湾里,葡萄藤爬满了临水的树木,形成了凉棚,船只可从其下通过。形成湖岸的丘陵是如此陡峭,上面的树林当时是如此高大,以至于当你从西端俯视时,它宛如一座上演某种森林奇观的圆形剧场。我年轻时曾花了许多时辰,随着微风的意愿漂浮在湖面,将船划到中央,在夏日的上午仰躺在座位上,睁着眼做梦,直到船触到沙地将我惊醒,我才起身看看命运将我推向了哪片湖岸;那些日子里,闲散是最吸引人且富有成效的产业。我曾偷走许多个上午,宁愿如此度过一天中最宝贵的部分;因为我虽不富有金钱,却富有阳光时辰和夏日时光,并尽情挥霍着它们;我也不后悔没有将更多的时光耗费在车间或教师的书桌前。但自从我离开那些湖岸,伐木工进一步破坏了它们,如今多年以来,再也不能在林间小径漫步,偶尔从缝隙中瞥见湖水了。我的缪斯若从此沉默,还请诸位原谅。当它们的树林被砍伐,你又怎能期望鸟儿歌唱?

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lofty /ˈlɒfti/
adj. 高耸的;崇高的;高傲的
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coves /kəʊvz/
n. 小海湾,小湾(复数形式)
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grape-vines /ˈɡreɪp vaɪnz/
n. 葡萄藤(复数形式)
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bowers /ˈbaʊəz/
n. 凉棚,树荫处;闺房(复数形式)
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amphitheatre /ˈæmfɪθɪətə(r)/
n. 圆形露天剧场,竞技场;周围是坡地的凹地
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sylvan /ˈsɪlv(ə)n/
adj. 森林的,多林木的;乡村的
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spectacle /ˈspektək(ə)l/
n. 景象,奇观;(引人入胜的)表演
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zephyr /ˈzefə(r)/
n. 和风,微风(尤指西风)
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forenoon /ˈfɔːnuːn/
n. 上午,午前
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idleness /ˈaɪd(ə)lnəs/
n. 懒惰,闲散;无所事事
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productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/
adj. 富有成效的;多产的;生产性的
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lavishly /ˈlævɪʃli/
adv. 挥霍地;大量地;华丽地
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aisles /aɪlz/
n. 过道,通道(复数形式)
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vistas /ˈvɪstəz/
n. 远景,展望;一连串的看法(复数形式)
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Muse /mjuːz/
n. (缪斯)文艺女神;(诗人的)灵感
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henceforth /ˌhensˈfɔːθ/
adv. 从今以后,自此以后
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groves /ɡrəʊvz/
n. 小树林,果树林(复数形式)

如今,水底的树干、旧圆木独木舟和周围昏暗的树林都已消失,村民们几乎不知它位于何处,非但不去池塘沐浴或饮水,反而想着用管道将它的水引到村里洗盘子!--竟要靠转动龙头或拔掉塞子来赚取他们的瓦尔登湖!那恶魔般的铁马,其撕耳欲裂的嘶鸣响彻全镇,用脚搅浑了沸泉,正是它啃光了瓦尔登湖岸边所有的树林,那特洛伊木马,腹中藏有千人,由唯利是图的希腊人引入!国家的勇士在哪里,摩尔厅的摩尔,在深谷迎战它,将复仇之矛刺入这膨胀害虫的肋骨之间?

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sacred /ˈseɪkrɪd/
adj. 神圣的;受尊重的;奉献给神的
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Ganges /ˈɡændʒiːz/
n. 恒河(印度圣河)
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devilish /ˈdev(ə)lɪʃ/
adj. 魔鬼似的;邪恶的;极度的
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ear-rending /ɪə ˈrendɪŋ/
adj. 刺耳的,震耳欲聋的
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neigh /neɪ/
n. (马的)嘶鸣声
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muddied /ˈmʌdid/
v. (past tense). 使沾上污泥;使变得模糊不清
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browsed /braʊzd/
v. (past tense). (动物)吃草,啃食;浏览
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Trojan horse /ˌtrəʊdʒən ˈhɔːs/
n. phrase. 特洛伊木马;内部颠覆者,隐患
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mercenary /ˈmɜːs(ə)n(ə)ri/
adj. 唯利是图的,雇佣的
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champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/
n. 冠军;斗士,捍卫者
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avenging /əˈvendʒɪŋ/
adj. 复仇的,报仇的
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lance /lɑːns/
n. 长矛,标枪
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bloated /ˈbləʊtɪd/
adj. 肿胀的;臃肿的;得意忘形的
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pest /pest/
n. 害虫;讨厌的人或物

然而,在我所知的所有存在之中,或许瓦尔登湖的风貌保持得最好,也最完好地保存了它的纯净。许多人曾被比作它,但配得上这份荣耀者寥寥。虽然伐木工先后裸露了这片岸和那片岸,爱尔兰人在旁建了猪圈,铁路侵犯了它的边界,采冰人曾刮过它的表面,但它本身不曾改变,仍是那同一泓清水,我的年轻眼眸曾凝视过的;所有变化都在于我。在历经所有涟漪之后,它不曾获得一道永久的皱纹。它终年常青,我仍可伫立凝望,看见燕子像往昔一样俯冲,仿佛从水面啄起昆虫。今夜它再次打动了我,仿佛我二十多年来几乎每日见它并非真实--啊,这里就是瓦尔登湖,我多年前发现的同一座林地之湖;去年冬天一片森林被砍伐的地方,另一片正生机勃勃地从岸边萌发;那时涌上水面的思绪,如今依然在涌现;对自身和它的造物主而言,它是同一份流动的欢乐与幸福,是的,或许于我亦然。这确是一位勇者的作品,他心中毫无诡诈!他以手抚圆了这片水,在思想中将其加深、澄清,并在他的意志中将它遗赠给了康科德。我从它的面容看出,那同一抹辉光曾造访过它;我几乎要说,瓦尔登湖,是你吗?

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likened /ˈlaɪkənd/
v. (past participle). 把…比作
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deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/
v. 应受,值得
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infringed /ɪnˈfrɪndʒd/
v. (past tense). 侵犯,违反
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skimmed /skɪmd/
v. (past tense). 撇去;掠过;略读
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wrinkle /ˈrɪŋk(ə)l/
n. 皱纹;妙计,好主意
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perennially /pəˈreniəli/
adv. 永久地,长期地
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yore /jɔː(r)/
n. 往昔,从前(尤用于词组 of yore)
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lustily /ˈlʌstɪli/
adv. 起劲地,精力充沛地
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welling /ˈwelɪŋ/
v. (present participle). 涌出,冒出;充满(感情)
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guile /ɡaɪl/
n. 狡诈,欺诈
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rounded /ˈraʊndɪd/
v. (past tense). 使成圆形;使圆满
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deepened /ˈdiːp(ə)nd/
v. (past tense). 加深;深化
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clarified /ˈklærəfaɪd/
v. (past tense). 澄清,阐明
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bequeathed /bɪˈkwiːðd/
v. (past tense). 遗赠,遗留

这不是我的幻梦,为点缀诗行;我无法比活着亲近瓦尔登湖更接近上帝与天堂。我是它石质的岸,和拂过的微风;在我掌心的凹处,是它的水与沙,它最幽深的所在,便是我思想的至高之境。

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ornament /ˈɔːnəmənt/
v. 装饰,美化
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stony /ˈstəʊni/
adj. 多石的;冷酷的,铁石心肠的
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hollow /ˈhɒləʊ/
n. 洞,穴;凹陷处
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resort /rɪˈzɔːt/
n. 度假胜地;求助,诉诸;手段

火车从不驻足看它;但我猜想那些工程师、司炉工、刹车工,以及那些持有季票、常常见到它的乘客,因这景象而成了更好的人。工程师在夜间不会忘记,或者说他的本性不会忘记,他在一天之中至少曾有一次目睹了这宁静与纯净的景象。虽只见过一次,它却有助于洗去州街的尘嚣和引擎的煤灰。有人提议称它为“上帝的泪珠”。

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engineers /ˌendʒɪˈnɪəz/
n. 工程师;火车司机(复数形式)
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firemen /ˈfaɪəmən/
n. 消防员;司炉工(复数形式)
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brakemen /ˈbreɪkmən/
n. 制动员,刹车手(复数形式)
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season ticket /ˈsiːz(ə)n ˈtɪkɪt/
n. phrase. 季票,长期票
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serenity /səˈrenəti/
n. 平静,安宁;安详
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soot /sʊt/
n. 煤烟,烟灰
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proposes /prəˈpəʊzɪz/
v. 提议,建议;打算;求婚

我曾说过瓦尔登湖没有可见的入口或出口,但它一方面通过一系列来自那个方向的小池塘,与地势更高的弗林特湖有着遥远而间接的联系;另一方面,又通过类似的一系列池塘,与地势较低的康科德河直接而明显地相连--在某个其他地质时期,它或许曾流过那里,而只需稍加挖掘(但愿上帝禁止),便可让它再次流向彼处。如果通过如此内敛而简朴、如同林中隐士般长久的生活,它获得了如此惊人的纯净,谁不会惋惜弗林特湖那相对不纯的水竟要与它混合,或者它本身竟要将其甘甜浪费在海洋的波涛之中?

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distantly /ˈdɪst(ə)ntli/
adv. 遥远地;冷淡地;久远地
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indirectly /ˌɪndəˈrektli/
adv. 间接地;迂回地
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elevated /ˈelɪveɪtɪd/
adj. 升高的,提高的;高尚的
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manifestly /ˈmænɪfestli/
adv. 明显地,显然地
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geological /ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/
adj. 地质的,地质学的
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digging /ˈdɪɡɪŋ/
n. 挖掘,发掘
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reserved /rɪˈzɜːvd/
adj. 矜持的,寡言的;预订的
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austere /ɒˈstɪə(r)/
adj. 简朴的,朴素的;严厉的
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hermit /ˈhɜːmɪt/
n. 隐士,隐居者
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mingled /ˈmɪŋɡ(ə)ld/
v. (past tense). 混合;交往
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sweetness /ˈswiːtnəs/
n. 甜,甜味;美好,亲切
🔊 Flint's, or Sandy Pond, in Lincoln, our greatest lake and inland sea, lies about a mile east of Walden. It is much larger, being said to contain one hundred and ninety-seven acres, and is more fertile in fish; but it is comparatively shallow, and not remarkably pure. A walk through the woods thither was often my recreation. It was worth the while, if only to feel the wind blow on your cheek freely, and see the waves run, and remember the life of mariners. I went a-chestnutting there in the fall, on windy days, when the nuts were dropping into the water and were washed to my feet; and one day, as I crept along its sedgy shore, the fresh spray blowing in my face, I came upon the mouldering wreck of a boat, the sides gone, and hardly more than the impression of its flat bottom left amid the rushes; yet its model was sharply defined, as if it were a large decayed pad, with its veins. It was as impressive a wreck as one could imagine on the seashore, and had as good a moral. It is by this time mere vegetable mould and undistinguishable pond shore, through which rushes and flags have pushed up. I used to admire the ripple marks on the sandy bottom, at the north end of this pond, made firm and hard to the feet of the wader by the pressure of the water, and the rushes which grew in Indian file, in waving lines, corresponding to these marks, rank behind rank, as if the waves had planted them. There also I have found, in considerable quantities, curious balls, composed apparently of fine grass or roots, of pipewort perhaps, from half an inch to four inches in diameter, and perfectly spherical. These wash back and forth in shallow water on a sandy bottom, and are sometimes cast on the shore. They are either solid grass, or have a little sand in the middle. At first you would say that they were formed by the action of the waves, like a pebble; yet the smallest are made of equally coarse materials, half an inch long, and they are produced only at one season of the year. Moreover, the waves, I suspect, do not so much construct as wear down a material which has already acquired consistency. They preserve their form when dry for an indefinite period.

弗林特湖,或称桑迪湖,位于林肯,是我们最大的湖泊和内海,坐落在瓦尔登湖以东约一英里。它面积大得多,据说有一百九十七英亩,鱼类也更丰饶;但它相对较浅,且不算特别纯净。步行穿林前往那里常是我的消遣。光是去感受风自由地吹拂脸颊,看波浪奔涌,怀想水手的生活,便已值得。秋天在有风的日子,我去那里采栗子,当栗子落入水中被冲到我脚边;一天,当我沿着它莎草丛生的岸边缓缓前行,新鲜的浪花吹打在我脸上,我遇到一艘腐烂的船骸,船侧已无,只剩下扁平船底在灯心草丛中留下的模糊印痕;然而它的轮廓依然清晰可辨,仿佛一片巨大的、腐烂的睡莲叶,叶脉犹存。这是能在海滨想象到的最令人印象深刻的残骸,并蕴含着同样深刻的寓意。到如今,它已不过是腐殖土,与池塘的岸泥难以区分,灯心草和菖蒲从中蔓生而出。我曾欣赏这个池塘北端沙底上的涟漪痕迹,因水的压力而对涉水者的脚显得坚固,灯心草以印第安人纵队般的队列生长,呈波浪状的线条,与这些痕迹相应,一排接着一排,仿佛波浪种植了它们。在那里我也发现,数量相当可观的奇特球体,显然由细草或根须组成,或许是沟繁缕,直径从半英寸到四英寸不等,且完全呈球形。它们在沙底浅水中来回冲刷,有时被冲上岸。它们要么是实心的草团,要么中间带点沙子。起初你会说它们是由波浪的作用形成的,就像卵石一样;然而最小的球体也是由同样粗糙的材料构成,仅半英寸长,而且它们只在一年中的某个季节产生。此外,我猜想波浪与其说是构造,不如说是在磨损一种已然具有固定形态的材料。干燥后,它们能无限期地保持其形状。

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inland sea /ˈɪnlənd siː/
n. 内陆海(指远离海岸、面积广阔的大型内陆水域)
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recreation /ˌrɛkrɪˈeɪʃən/
n. 消遣,娱乐
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a-chestnutting /ə ˈtʃɛsˌnʌtɪŋ/
v. 去捡栗子(古旧或方言用法,a- 为前缀)
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sedgy /ˈsɛdʒi/
adj. 长满莎草的,多莎草的
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mouldering /ˈmoʊldərɪŋ/
adj. 正在腐烂的,腐朽的
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impression /ɪmˈprɛʃən/
n. 压痕,印记
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decayed /dɪˈkeɪd/
adj. 腐烂的,腐朽的
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pad /pæd/
n. (睡莲等水生植物的)浮叶
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ripple marks /ˈrɪpəl mɑːrks/
n. 涟漪痕迹,波痕(地质学或水边沙地上的波浪状痕迹)
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Indian file /ˈɪndiən faɪl/
n. 单行纵队,一路纵队
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pipewort /ˈpaɪpwɜːrt/
n. 谷精草属植物
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spherical /ˈsfɛrɪkəl/
adj. 球形的,球状的
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pebble /ˈpɛbəl/
n. 鹅卵石,小圆石
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consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/
n. 坚实度,硬度;一致性
🔊 Flint's Pond! Such is the poverty of our nomenclature. What right had the unclean and stupid farmer, whose farm abutted on this sky water, whose shores he has ruthlessly laid bare, to give his name to it? Some skin-flint, who loved better the reflecting surface of a dollar, or a bright cent, in which he could see his own brazen face; who regarded even the wild ducks which settled in it as trespassers; his fingers grown into crooked and bony talons from the long habit of grasping harpy-like; - so it is not named for me. I go not there to see him nor to hear of him; who never saw it, who never bathed in it, who never loved it, who never protected it, who never spoke a good word for it, nor thanked God that He had made it. Rather let it be named from the fishes that swim in it, the wild fowl or quadrupeds which frequent it, the wild flowers which grow by its shores, or some wild man or child the thread of whose history is interwoven with its own; not from him who could show no title to it but the deed which a like-minded neighbor or legislature gave him - him who thought only of its money value; whose presence perchance cursed all the shores; who exhausted the land around it, and would fain have exhausted the waters within it; who regretted only that it was not English hay or cranberry meadow - there was nothing to redeem it, forsooth, in his eyes - and would have drained and sold it for the mud at its bottom. It did not turn his mill, and it was no privilege to him to behold it. I respect not his labors, his farm where everything has its price, who would carry the landscape, who would carry his God, to market, if he could get anything for him; who goes to market for his god as it is; on whose farm nothing grows free, whose fields bear no crops, whose meadows no flowers, whose trees no fruits, but dollars; who loves not the beauty of his fruits, whose fruits are not ripe for him till they are turned to dollars. Give me the poverty that enjoys true wealth. Farmers are respectable and interesting to me in proportion as they are poor - poor farmers. A model farm! where the house stands like a fungus in a muckheap, chambers for men, horses, oxen, and swine, cleansed and uncleansed, all contiguous to one another! Stocked with men! A great grease-spot, redolent of manures and buttermilk! Under a high state of cultivation, being manured with the hearts and brains of men! As if you were to raise your potatoes in the churchyard! Such is a model farm.

弗林特湖!我们的命名法竟是如此贫乏。那个肮脏愚蠢的农夫,他的农场毗邻这片天空之水,他却无情地裸露了它的岸边,他有何权利将自己的名字赋予它?某个吝啬鬼,他更爱美元或亮闪闪分币的反光表面,从中能看到自己厚颜的面孔;他甚至将定居此处的野鸭视为闯入者;他的手指因长期像鹰身女妖般攫取的习惯,已变得弯曲如骨爪--所以它并非为我而命名。我不去那里看他或听说他;他从未见过它,从未在其中沐浴,从未爱过它,从未保护过它,从未为它说过一句好话,也未曾感谢上帝创造了它。不如以在其中游泳的鱼儿、常来的野禽或走兽、岸边生长的野花来命名,或以某个其生命轨迹与它交织的野人或孩童来命名;而不是以他命名--他只能出示一份志趣相投的邻居或立法机构授予的地契作为凭证,心中只惦念着它的金钱价值;他的存在或许诅咒了所有的湖岸;他耗尽了周围的土地,还巴不得抽干其中的湖水;他只遗憾它不是英国的干草地或蔓越莓草场--在他眼中,那湖简直无可救药--并且会为了湖底的淤泥而排干湖水将其出售。它没有转动他的磨坊,观赏它于他也不是什么特权。我不敬重他的劳作,不敬重他那万物皆有价码的农场,在那里,他会将风景、甚至会将他的上帝带到市场上去,只要能从它们身上捞到点什么;他本就为了他的神而去市场;在他的农场里,没有东西自由生长,他的田地不长庄稼,他的草场不开鲜花,他的树木不结果实,只结美元;他不爱他果实的美丽,他的果实直到变成美元才算为他成熟。给我那享受真正财富的贫穷吧。农夫们,唯有当他们贫穷--是贫穷的农夫时--在我看来才是可敬且有趣的。一个模范农场!房子像粪堆上的菌菇,人、马、牛和猪的房舍,清洁的与不洁的,全都彼此紧邻!挤满了人!一大块油渍,散发着肥料和酪乳的气味!在高度垦殖的状态下,是用人的心血与脑髓来施肥!仿佛你是在教堂墓地里种土豆!这就是所谓的模范农场。

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nomenclature /ˈnoʊmənˌkleɪtʃər/
n. 命名法,术语体系
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abutted /əˈbʌtɪd/
v. 邻接,毗连
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ruthlessly /ˈruːθləsli/
adv. 无情地,残忍地
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skin-flint /ˈskɪnˌflɪnt/
n. 吝啬鬼,小气鬼
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brazen /ˈbreɪzən/
adj. 厚颜无耻的,黄铜色的
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trespassers /ˈtrɛspəsərz/
n. 闯入者,非法侵入者
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crooked /ˈkrʊkɪd/
adj. 弯曲的;不诚实的
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bony /ˈboʊni/
adj. 骨瘦如柴的;多骨的
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talons /ˈtælənz/
n. (猛禽的)爪;(贬义)人的手指
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harpy-like /ˈhɑːrpi laɪk/
adj. 像鹰身女妖的;贪婪凶残的
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quadrupeds /ˈkwɑːdrəˌpɛdz/
n. 四足动物
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interwoven /ˌɪntərˈwoʊvən/
adj. 交织在一起的
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legislature /ˈlɛdʒɪsˌleɪtʃər/
n. 立法机关
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cursed /kɜːrst/
adj. 被诅咒的;该死的(用于表达愤怒或厌恶)
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exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/
adj. 耗尽的;精疲力竭的
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fain /feɪn/
adv. 乐意地,宁愿(古语)
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cranberry /ˈkrænˌbɛri/
n. 蔓越莓
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redeem /rɪˈdiːm/
v. 赎回;弥补;拯救
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forsooth /fərˈsuːθ/
adv. 确实,真的(古语,常带讽刺或强调)
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drained /dreɪnd/
adj. 排干水的;精疲力竭的
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privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/
n. 特权;荣幸
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landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/
n. 风景,景色;地貌
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contiguous /kənˈtɪɡjuəs/
adj. 相邻的,毗连的
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redolent /ˈrɛdələnt/
adj. 散发...气味的;使人联想起...的
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manures /məˈnʊrz/
n. 粪肥
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buttermilk /ˈbʌtərmɪlk/
n. 酪乳,白脱牛奶
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cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/
n. 耕作;培养
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churchyard /ˈtʃɜːrtʃjɑːrd/
n. 教堂墓地
🔊 No, no; if the fairest features of the landscape are to be named after men, let them be the noblest and worthiest men alone. Let our lakes receive as true names at least as the Icarian Sea, where "still the shore" a "brave attempt resounds."

不,不;如果风景最美好的特征要以人的名字来命名,那也请仅以最高贵、最配得上的人来命名。让我们的湖泊至少拥有像伊卡洛斯海那样真实的名字吧,在那里“海岸依然”“回荡着一次勇敢的尝试”。

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fairest /ˈfeərɪst/
adj. 最美丽的;最公正的 (fair的最高级形式)
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features /ˈfiːtʃərz/
n. 特征,特色;地貌特征
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named after /ˈneɪmd ˈæftər/
phrase. 以...命名
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noblest /ˈnəʊblɪst/
adj. 最高尚的,最高贵的 (noble的最高级形式)
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worthiest /ˈwɜːrðiɪst/
adj. 最有价值的;最值得的 (worthy的最高级形式)
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alone /əˈləʊn/
adv. 仅仅,只有;单独地
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receive /rɪˈsiːv/
v. 接收;得到;接待
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at least /ət ˈliːst/
phrase. 至少
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Icarian Sea /aɪˈkeəriən siː/
n. 伊卡洛斯海(爱琴海的一部分,传说中伊卡洛斯坠落的海域)
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brave /breɪv/
adj. 勇敢的
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attempt /əˈtempt/
n. 尝试,企图
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resounds /rɪˈzaʊndz/
v. 回响;回荡;广为人知,传颂

鹅湖,面积不大,在我去弗林特湖的路上;费尔黑文,是康科德河的一段开阔水域,据说约有七十英亩,在西南方向一英里处;而白湖,约四十英亩,在费尔黑文之外一英里半。这便是我的湖区。这些,连同康科德河,是我享有的水域特权;日日夜夜,年复一年,它们研磨着我带给它们的谷物。

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expansion /ɪkˈspænʃən/
n. 扩大,扩展;膨胀
🔊
grist /ɡrɪst/
n. 待磨的谷物;可利用的材料
🔊 Since the woodcutters, and the railroad, and I myself have profaned Walden, perhaps the most attractive, if not the most beautiful, of all our lakes, the gem of the woods, is White Pond; - a poor name from its commonness, whether derived from the remarkable purity of its waters or the color of its sands. In these as in other respects, however, it is a lesser twin of Walden. They are so much alike that you would say they must be connected under ground. It has the same stony shore, and its waters are of the same hue. As at Walden, in sultry dog-day weather, looking down through the woods on some of its bays which are not so deep but that the reflection from the bottom tinges them, its waters are of a misty bluish-green or glaucous color. Many years since I used to go there to collect the sand by cartloads, to make sandpaper with, and I have continued to visit it ever since. One who frequents it proposes to call it Virid Lake. Perhaps it might be called Yellow Pine Lake, from the following circumstance. About fifteen years ago you could see the top of a pitch pine, of the kind called yellow pine hereabouts, though it is not a distinct species, projecting above the surface in deep water, many rods from the shore. It was even supposed by some that the pond had sunk, and this was one of the primitive forest that formerly stood there. I find that even so long ago as 1792, in a "Topographical Description of the Town of Concord," by one of its citizens, in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the author, after speaking of Walden and White Ponds, adds, "In the middle of the latter may be seen, when the water is very low, a tree which appears as if it grew in the place where it now stands, although the roots are fifty feet below the surface of the water; the top of this tree is broken off, and at that place measures fourteen inches in diameter." In the spring of '49 I talked with the man who lives nearest the pond in Sudbury, who told me that it was he who got out this tree ten or fifteen years before. As near as he could remember, it stood twelve or fifteen rods from the shore, where the water was thirty or forty feet deep. It was in the winter, and he had been getting out ice in the forenoon, and had resolved that in the afternoon, with the aid of his neighbors, he would take out the old yellow pine. He sawed a channel in the ice toward the shore, and hauled it over and along and out on to the ice with oxen; but, before he had gone far in his work, he was surprised to find that it was wrong end upward, with the stumps of the branches pointing down, and the small end firmly fastened in the sandy bottom. It was about a foot in diameter at the big end, and he had expected to get a good saw-log, but it was so rotten as to be fit only for fuel, if for that. He had some of it in his shed then. There were marks of an axe and of woodpeckers on the butt. He thought that it might have been a dead tree on the shore, but was finally blown over into the pond, and after the top had become water-logged, while the butt-end was still dry and light, had drifted out and sunk wrong end up. His father, eighty years old, could not remember when it was not there. Several pretty large logs may still be seen lying on the bottom, where, owing to the undulation of the surface, they look like huge water snakes in motion.

既然伐木工、铁路和我自己都已亵渎了瓦尔登湖--它即便不是我们所有湖泊中最美丽的,也堪称最具魅力者,是森林的瑰宝--那么,或许白湖便是了;这是个因其普通而显得贫乏的名字,不知是源于其水质的格外纯净,还是沙子的颜色。然而,在这些以及其他方面,它都是瓦尔登湖的一个较小的孪生兄弟。它们如此相像,你会说它们在地下必定是相连的。它有着同样多石的湖岸,其水也是同样的色泽。如同在瓦尔登湖一样,在闷热的三伏天,透过树林俯视它的一些水湾--那些水湾并不太深,以至于水底的反射给水面染上了颜色--它的水呈雾蒙蒙的蓝绿色或灰绿色。许多年前,我常去那里用马车装载沙子,以制作砂纸,此后我也一直造访它。一位常客提议称它为“翠湖”。或许,根据以下情况,可以称它为“黄松湖”。大约十五年前,你能看到一棵脂松的顶部--这附近称为黄松,尽管它并非一个独特的树种--在深水中露出水面,离岸许多竿远。甚至有人认为池塘水面下降了,这是以前生长在那里的原始森林中的一棵。我发现,早在一七九二年,收录于马萨诸塞州历史学会文集的、由康科德镇一位居民所著的《镇地形描述》中,作者在谈及瓦尔登湖和白塘之后,补充道:“在后者的中央,当水位极低时,可见一树,仿佛就生长在它现今矗立之处,然其根在水面下五十英尺;此树顶部已折断,断处直径十四英寸。”一八四九年春,我与住在萨德伯里、离此塘最近的人交谈,他告诉我,正是他在十到十五年前取出了这棵树。据他尽可能回忆,它立在离岸十二到十五竿处,水深三四十英尺。那是在冬天,他上午一直在采冰,并决定下午在邻居的帮助下取出这棵老黄松。他在冰上锯出一条通向岸边的水道,用牛把它拖过冰面;但工作进行不久,他便惊讶地发现这棵树是上下颠倒的,树枝的残桩朝下,而较细的一端牢牢固定在沙底。较粗的一端直径约一英尺,他原指望能得到一根上好的锯木,但它已腐朽不堪,只适合当柴火(如果还能当柴火的话)。他棚屋里当时还有一些。树桩上有斧头和啄木鸟的痕迹。他认为它可能是岸边的一棵死树,最终被风吹入池塘,待树冠浸透水后,而树桩端仍干燥轻巧,便漂了出去,颠倒着沉没了。他八十岁的父亲,已记不起这棵树何时不在那里了。几根相当大的原木至今仍可见躺在水底,由于水面的波动,它们看起来像游动着的巨大水蛇。

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profaned /prəˈfeɪnd/
v. 亵渎,玷污
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attractive /əˈtræktɪv/
adj. 有吸引力的
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gem /dʒɛm/
n. 宝石;珍品,精华
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commonness /ˈkɑːmənnəs/
n. 普通,平常
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derived /dɪˈraɪvd/
v. 源自,源于
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twin /twɪn/
n. 双胞胎之一;极为相似的人或物
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hue /hjuː/
n. 颜色,色调
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sultry /ˈsʌltri/
adj. 闷热的;(人)性感的
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dog-day /ˈdɔːɡ deɪ/
n. 三伏天,酷暑期
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tinges /ˈtɪndʒɪz/
v. 给...淡淡地着色;使略带...性质
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misty /ˈmɪsti/
adj. 多雾的;模糊的
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bluish-green /ˌbluːɪʃ ˈɡriːn/
adj. 蓝绿色的
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glaucous /ˈɡlɔːkəs/
adj. 蓝绿色的;表面有白霜的
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cartloads /ˈkɑːrtˌloʊdz/
n. 一车之量
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sandpaper /ˈsændˌpeɪpər/
n. 砂纸
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frequents /ˈfriːkwənts/
v. 常去,经常出入
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Virid /ˈvɪrɪd/
adj. 翠绿的(诗歌用语)
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circumstance /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/
n. 情况,环境;事件
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pitch pine /ˈpɪtʃ paɪn/
n. 北美脂松
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projecting /prəˈdʒɛktɪŋ/
adj. 凸出的,伸出的
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primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/
adj. 原始的;简陋的
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Topographical /ˌtɑːpəˈɡræfɪkəl/
adj. 地形学的,地志的
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Collections /kəˈlɛkʃənz/
n. 文集,收藏品
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Historical /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/
adj. 历史的,历史上的
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diameter /daɪˈæmɪtər/
n. 直径
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resolved /rɪˈzɑːlvd/
v. 决定,决心
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hauled /hɔːld/
v. 拖,拉,拽
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stumps /stʌmps/
n. 树桩;残肢
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fastened /ˈfæsənd/
v. 系牢,固定
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saw-log /ˈsɔː lɔːɡ/
n. 可锯原木(适合锯成木材的原木)
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rotten /ˈrɑːtən/
adj. 腐烂的;糟糕的
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fuel /ˈfjuːəl/
n. 燃料
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woodpeckers /ˈwʊdˌpɛkərz/
n. 啄木鸟
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butt /bʌt/
n. 粗端;烟蒂;嘲笑对象
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drifted /ˈdrɪftɪd/
v. 漂流,飘移
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undulation /ˌʌndʒəˈleɪʃən/
n. 波动,起伏

这个池塘很少受到船只的亵渎,因为其中几乎没有什么能吸引渔夫。这里没有需要淤泥的白睡莲,也没有普通的香蒲,蓝色的鸢尾花在纯净的水中稀疏生长,从岸边四周的石底升起,六月时有蜂鸟造访;它那蓝绿色的叶片和花朵的颜色,尤其是它们的倒影,与那灰绿色的湖水形成一种奇妙的和谐。

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tempt /tɛmpt/
v. 引诱,诱惑
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lily /ˈlɪli/
n. 百合花
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flag /flæɡ/
n. 菖蒲;旗帜
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Iris versicolor /ˈaɪrɪs ˈvɜːrsɪkələr/
n. 变色鸢尾(植物学名)
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thinly /ˈθɪnli/
adv. 稀疏地;薄薄地
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hummingbirds /ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜːrdz/
n. 蜂鸟
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blades /bleɪdz/
n. 叶片;刀片
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singular /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/
adj. 非凡的,奇特的;单数的
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harmony /ˈhɑːrməni/
n. 和谐,协调

白湖和瓦尔登湖是地球表面巨大的晶体,是光之湖。倘若它们永久凝固,且小到能被攫取,或许早已被奴隶当作宝石带走,去装饰帝王的冠冕;但它们是液态的,宽广的,并且永远地归属于我们和我们的后代,我们却漠视它们,转而去追逐科依诺尔钻石。它们纯净得不具市场价值;它们不含污秽。它们比我们的生命更美丽,比我们的品格更透明!我们从未从它们身上学到卑劣。它们比农夫门前鸭子游水的池塘要美好多少!洁净的野鸭来到此地。自然没有懂得欣赏她的人类居民。鸟儿以其羽衣和鸣叫与花朵和谐共处,但又有哪个青年或少女,能与自然那狂野而丰茂的美共鸣?她独自最为繁盛,远离他们所居住的城镇。谈论天堂吧!你们却玷污了大地。

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crystals /ˈkrɪstəlz/
n. 水晶;结晶
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congealed /kənˈdʒiːld/
adj. 凝结的,凝固的
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clutched /klʌtʃt/
v. 紧握,抓住
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slaves /sleɪvz/
n. 奴隶
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adorn /əˈdɔːrn/
v. 装饰,装扮
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ample /ˈæmpəl/
adj. 充足的,宽敞的
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secured /sɪˈkjʊrd/
v. 保护;获得;固定
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successors /səkˈsɛsərz/
n. 继承者,接替者
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disregard /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrd/
v. 忽视,不理会
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diamond /ˈdaɪəmənd/
n. 钻石
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Kohinoor /ˌkoʊɪˈnʊər/
n. 光之山钻石(世界著名巨钻)
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meanness /ˈmiːnnəs/
n. 卑鄙;吝啬
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pool /puːl/
n. 水塘,水池;游泳池
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plumage /ˈpluːmɪdʒ/
n. (鸟的)全身羽毛
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conspires /kənˈspaɪərz/
v. 共谋;合作导致
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luxuriant /lʌɡˈʒʊriənt/
adj. 茂盛的,繁茂的;华丽的
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flourishes /ˈflɜːrɪʃɪz/
v. 繁荣,茂盛;挥舞
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disgrace /dɪsˈɡreɪs/
v. 使丢脸,使蒙羞
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