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Chapter fourteen: Former Inhabitants; and Winter Visitors (第十四章:昔日的居民与冬日来客)

探索《瓦尔登湖》第14章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇解析以及英文原声音频。边听边学,提升阅读技巧。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

有时,我对人群与闲谈感到餍足,村子里所有的朋友也让我感到倦怠,便信步向比惯常所居更远的西方漫游,去到镇上更为人迹罕至的地方,“到那清新的林木与崭新的牧场去”,或是在日落时分,在费尔黑文山岗上以越橘和蓝莓充当晚餐,并储存下好几天的食粮。果实不会将它们真正的滋味奉献给购买它们的人,也不会给那些为市场而种植它们的人。只有一种方法能获得它,却鲜少有人选择这条路。你若想知晓越橘的滋味,不妨去问那牧童或山鹑。从未亲手采摘却自以为尝过越橘的味道,这是一种庸俗的谬见。越橘是到不了波士顿的;自从它们生长在此地的三座山丘上以来,波士顿便不曾识得其味。果实那神赐的、最精髓的部分,随着在运往市场的颠簸中磨落的花粉一同丧失了,它们变成了纯粹的饲料。只要永恒的正义依然统治着世界,便不会有哪怕一颗无辜的越橘能从乡间的山岭被运送到那里去。

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surfeit /ˈsɜːrfɪt/
n. 过量,过度
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rambled /ˈræmbld/
v. 漫步,闲逛
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unfrequented /ˌʌnˈfriːkwəntɪd/
adj. 人迹罕至的
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vulgar /ˈvʌlɡər/
adj. 粗俗的,庸俗的
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ambrosial /æmˈbroʊziəl/
adj. 美味的,芳香的
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provender /ˈprɒvɪndər/
n. 饲料,食物
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Eternal Justice /ɪˈtɜːrnl ˈdʒʌstɪs/
n. phrase. 永恒正义
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transported /trænˈspɔːrtɪd/
v. 运输,运送

偶尔,在我完成了一天的锄地劳作之后,会去加入某位早已等得不耐烦的同伴的行列--他自清晨起便在池塘边垂钓,像鸭子或一片浮叶般安静不动,并且在实践了各种哲学之后,到我到来时,通常已得出结论,认为自己属于古时修道院修士那一脉。有一位年长的老者,是位出色的渔夫,精通一切林间技艺,他很乐意将我的屋子视作为渔人便利而建的建筑;而当他坐在我的门廊上整理钓线时,我也同样感到高兴。偶尔我们同坐于船上,他在船的一头,我在另一头;但我们之间话语不多,因他晚年耳朵已聋,不过他偶尔会哼唱一首赞美诗,倒与我的哲学颇为和谐。我们的交往便这样全然地沉浸在一种连绵不断的和谐之中,回想起来远比言语交谈更令人愉悦。通常情况下,当我无人可与之交流时,我常常用桨敲击船舷来激起回响,让周遭的树林充满一圈圈扩散开去的音波,惊扰着它们,就像动物园的看守惊扰他笼中的野兽一般,直到每一个林木葱茏的溪谷和山坡都回应出一声低吼。

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motionless /ˈmoʊʃənləs/
adj. 不动的,静止的
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philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/
n. 哲学
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sect /sekt/
n. 宗派,教派
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woodcraft /ˈwʊdkræft/
n. 森林技能,木工技艺
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intercourse /ˈɪntəkɔːrs/
n. 交往,交流
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unbroken /ʌnˈbroʊkən/
adj. 未打破的,连续的
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commune /kəˈmjuːn/
v. 交流,沟通
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menagerie /məˈnædʒəri/
n. 动物园,动物展览
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elicited /ɪˈlɪsɪtɪd/
v. 引出,引起

在温暖的夜晚,我常坐在船中吹奏长笛,看见鲈鱼--它们仿佛被我施了魔法--在我周围游弋,月亮则行经那铺满森林残骸的波纹状的湖底。从前在漆黑的夏夜,我曾冒险与同伴不时来到这池塘,在水边生起一堆火--我们认为这能吸引鱼群--用一串穿在线上的蠕虫钓捕梭子鱼,直到深夜方休,然后将燃烧的木柴高高抛入空中,像焰火一般,它们坠入池塘,发出响亮的嘶嘶声熄灭,我们便突然陷入一片伸手不见五指的黑暗之中。伴着口哨的曲调,我们就这样重新踏上通往人类聚居地的路。但现在,我已经在湖畔安下了家。

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hovering /ˈhʌvərɪŋ/
v. 盘旋,徘徊
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ribbed /rɪbd/
adj. 有肋骨的,有棱纹的
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strewed /struːd/
v. 散落,撒满
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wrecks /reks/
n. 残骸,毁坏
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adventurously /ədˈventʃərəsli/
adv. 冒险地,大胆地
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skyrockets /ˈskaɪrɒkɪts/
n. 烟花,冲天火箭
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quenched /kwentʃt/
v. 熄灭,解渴
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groping /ˈɡroʊpɪŋ/
v. 摸索,探索
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haunts /hɔːnts/
n. 常去的地方,出没处

有时,在村子里某家的客厅待到全家人都已就寝,我才返回林中,并部分为了次日的晚餐,在午夜的月光下于船上垂钓,耳边有猫头鹰和狐狸的小夜曲,不时还能听见近旁某种不知名鸟儿的尖利啼鸣。这些经历对我而言无比深刻而珍贵--锚定在四十英尺深的水中,离岸二三十杆远,有时被成千上万条小鲈鱼和闪亮的银鱼包围着,它们的尾巴在月光下激起涟漪,而我则通过一根长长的亚麻钓线与四十英尺下神秘夜行鱼类的居所相连;或者有时,随着我在轻柔的夜风中漂流,拖着六十英尺长的钓线绕着池塘,不时感到线上传来轻微的颤动,预示着某种生命正在钓线的末端逡巡,带着愚钝、犹豫、笨拙的意图,迟迟下不了决心。终于,你双手交替着慢慢提起钓线,一条带角的鲶鱼吱吱叫着、扭动着被拽到了上方的空气中。这感觉非常奇异,尤其是在漆黑的夜里,当你的思绪已飘荡到其他领域中那些广大而关乎宇宙洪荒的命题上时,却感到这细微的颤动,它打断了你的梦,又将你重新与自然连接起来。仿佛我不仅可以向下把钓线抛入这几乎不比空气稠密多少的水中,也可以向上抛入空气里。就这样,我仿佛一钩钓上了两条鱼。

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parlor /ˈpɑːrlər/
n. 客厅,起居室
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serenaded /ˌserəˈneɪdɪd/
v. 奏小夜曲,唱情歌
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creaking /ˈkriːkɪŋ/
adj. 吱吱作响的
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memorable /ˈmemərəbl/
adj. 难忘的,值得纪念的
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anchored /ˈæŋkərd/
v. 锚定,固定
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flaxen /ˈflæksən/
adj. 亚麻色的,淡黄色的
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nocturnal /nɒkˈtɜːrnl/
adj. 夜间的,夜行的
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drifted /ˈdrɪftɪd/
v. 漂流,飘移
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vibration /vaɪˈbreɪʃn/
n. 振动,震动
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prowling /ˈpraʊlɪŋ/
v. 潜行,徘徊
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cosmogonal /kɒzˈmɒɡənəl/
adj. 宇宙起源的
🔊 The scenery of Walden is on a humble scale, and, though very beautiful, does not approach to grandeur, nor can it much concern one who has not long frequented it or lived by its shore; yet this pond is so remarkable for its depth and purity as to merit a particular description. It is a clear and deep green well, half a mile long and a mile and three quarters in circumference, and contains about sixty-one and a half acres; a perennial spring in the midst of pine and oak woods, without any visible inlet or outlet except by the clouds and evaporation. The surrounding hills rise abruptly from the water to the height of forty to eighty feet, though on the southeast and east they attain to about one hundred and one hundred and fifty feet respectively, within a quarter and a third of a mile. They are exclusively woodland. All our Concord waters have two colors at least; one when viewed at a distance, and another, more proper, close at hand. The first depends more on the light, and follows the sky. In clear weather, in summer, they appear blue at a little distance, especially if agitated, and at a great distance all appear alike. In stormy weather they are sometimes of a dark slate color. The sea, however, is said to be blue one day and green another without any perceptible change in the atmosphere. I have seen our river, when, the landscape being covered with snow, both water and ice were almost as green as grass. Some consider blue "to be the color of pure water, whether liquid or solid." But, looking directly down into our waters from a boat, they are seen to be of very different colors. Walden is blue at one time and green at another, even from the same point of view. Lying between the earth and the heavens, it partakes of the color of both. Viewed from a hilltop it reflects the color of the sky; but near at hand it is of a yellowish tint next the shore where you can see the sand, then a light green, which gradually deepens to a uniform dark green in the body of the pond. In some lights, viewed even from a hilltop, it is of a vivid green next the shore. Some have referred this to the reflection of the verdure; but it is equally green there against the railroad sand-bank, and in the spring, before the leaves are expanded, and it may be simply the result of the prevailing blue mixed with the yellow of the sand. Such is the color of its iris. This is that portion, also, where in the spring, the ice being warmed by the heat of the sun reflected from the bottom, and also transmitted through the earth, melts first and forms a narrow canal about the still frozen middle. Like the rest of our waters, when much agitated, in clear weather, so that the surface of the waves may reflect the sky at the right angle, or because there is more light mixed with it, it appears at a little distance of a darker blue than the sky itself; and at such a time, being on its surface, and looking with divided vision, so as to see the reflection, I have discerned a matchless and indescribable light blue, such as watered or changeable silks and sword blades suggest, more cerulean than the sky itself, alternating with the original dark green on the opposite sides of the waves, which would appear to an unaccompanied eye simply verdigris green. In other respects the pond is not very remarkable. The regularity of its outline and the absence of bays are remarkable. It is a perfect oval, as if it had been turned in a lathe, with one exception where the shore is shelving and the water shallow. The pond is so symmetrical that it might be called the mirror of the woods. The shore is composed of a belt of smooth rounded white stones like paving-stones, excepting one or two short sand beaches, and is so steep that in many places a single leap will carry you into water over your head; and were it not for its remarkable transparency, that would be the last to be seen of its bottom till it rose on the opposite side. Some think it is bottomless. It is nowhere muddy, and a casual observer would say that there were no weeds at all in it; but as we have seen, the weeds, which are confined to the shores, are remarkably few and small. The surrounding mountains give it an amphitheatral appearance; and as the forest is cleared from their sides, it gains in beauty and distinctness. Not a fish can leap or an insect fall on the pond but it is reported in circling dimples, in lines of beauty, as it were the constant welling up of its fountain, the gentle pulsing of its life, the heaving of its breast. The thrills of joy and thrills of pain are undistinguishable. How peaceful the phenomena of the lake! Again the works of man shine as in the spring. Ay, every leaf and twig and stone and cobweb sparkles now at mid-afternoon as when covered with dew in a spring morning. Every motion of an oar or an insect produces a flash of light; and if an oar falls, how sweet the echo!

瓦尔登湖的景致规模不大,虽然非常美丽,却谈不上宏伟,对于没有长期亲近它或居住在其岸边的人来说,也不会引起太多关切;然而,这个池塘以其深度和纯净著称,值得一番特别的描述。它是一个清澈而深邃的绿色水潭,半英里长,一又四分之三英里周长,面积约六十一又二分之一英亩;是松林与橡林间一处常年不断的清泉,除了云朵和蒸发外,并无任何可见的入水口或出水口。四周的山峦从水面陡然而起,高达四十至八十英尺,不过在东南和正东方向,在四分之一到三分之一英里内,它们分别达到约一百英尺和一百五十英尺的高度。它们完全是林地。我们康科德所有的水域都至少有双重颜色;一种是远观所见,另一种,更为确切的,是近观所得。第一种更多取决于光线,追随天空的颜色。在晴朗的夏日,从稍远处看它们呈蓝色,尤其是在水波荡漾时,而在极远处它们看起来都一样。在暴风雨天气里,它们有时呈现暗石板色。然而据说大海会时而变蓝,时而变绿,而大气并无明显变化。我曾见过我们的河流,当大地覆盖着白雪时,水和冰都几乎像草一样绿。有人认为蓝色“是纯水的颜色,无论是液态还是固态”。但是,直接从船上俯视我们的水面,会发现它们呈现出非常不同的颜色。瓦尔登湖时而蓝,时而绿,即便从同一个视角看也是如此。它躺卧于天地之间,兼具两者的颜色。从山顶望去,它反射出天空的颜色;但近看时,靠岸处你能看见沙子的地方呈现黄褐色,然后是浅绿,逐渐加深为池塘中央均匀的墨绿。在某些光线下,即便从山顶望去,靠近岸边的地方也是一片鲜绿。有人将此归因于草木青翠的倒影;但靠着铁路沙堤的那一带也同样青绿,而且在春天,树叶还未舒展时也是如此,所以这可能只是普遍存在的蓝色与沙子的黄色混合的结果。这就是它虹彩的颜色。也就是在这个区域,到了春天,阳光的热量从湖底反射上来,同时也透过大地传导,使得这里的冰最先融化,在仍冻结的湖心周围形成一条狭窄的水道。如同我们其他的水域一样,在晴朗天气里,当水波剧烈荡漾,使得波面能以合适的角度反射天空,或是因为有更多的光线混入其中时,从稍远处看,它会呈现出一种比天空本身更深的蓝色;在这种时候,身在水面之上,用分散的视觉去看,以便捕捉倒影,我曾分辨出一种无与伦比、难以言喻的浅蓝色,就像水色或变幻的丝绸以及剑刃所暗示的那种,比天空本身更湛蓝,与波浪另一面原本的墨绿交替出现,而在寻常人眼中,后者可能只是铜锈般的绿。在其他方面,这个池塘并不十分特别。它轮廓的规整以及没有海湾是显著的。它是一个完美的椭圆形,仿佛曾在车床上被车过一般,只有一处例外,那里的岸边是缓坡,水也较浅。池塘如此对称,堪称森林的明镜。湖岸由一圈光滑圆润的白色石子组成,像是铺路石,除了一两处短短的沙滩,且非常陡峭,在许多地方单单一跃就能让你没顶入水;若非它非凡的透明度,在从对岸重新浮出水面之前,你恐怕是最后一眼看见它的湖底了。有人认为它是无底的。它没有一处是浑浊的,不经意的观察者会说里面根本没有水草;但正如我们所见,仅限于岸边的水草,数量极少且细小。周围的山脉赋予它一种圆形剧场的外观;随着山侧的林木被清除,它愈发显得美丽清晰。没有一条鱼跃起或一只昆虫落在湖面,不会通过一圈圈扩散的涟漪、优美的线条被报告出来,仿佛它是那不断涌出的泉眼,是它生命温柔的搏动,是它胸脯的起伏。欢乐的颤栗与痛苦的颤栗难以区分。湖面的景象多么安宁!人类的劳作再次如春日般闪耀。啊,每一片叶子、每一根细枝、每一块石头和每一个蛛网,在这午后时分都闪闪发光,就像在春天的清晨沾满露珠时一样。船桨或昆虫的每一次运动都会产生一道闪光;若是桨落下,那回声又是多么甜美!

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grandeur /ˈɡrændʒər/
n. 宏伟,壮观
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perennial /pəˈreniəl/
adj. 永久的,多年生的
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evaporation /ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃn/
n. 蒸发
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abruptly /əˈbrʌptli/
adv. 突然地,意外地
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attain /əˈteɪn/
v. 达到,获得
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respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/
adv. 分别地,各自地
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exclusively /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/
adv. exclusively,仅,专门地
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agitated /ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd/
adj. agitated,激动的,焦虑的
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perceptible /pərˈseptəbl/
adj. 可察觉的,明显的
🔊
verdure /ˈvɜːrdʒər/
n. 青翠,绿色植被

在九月或十月这样的日子里,瓦尔登湖是一面完美的森林之镜,四周围着在我看来如同珍宝般--即便更稀少或更珍贵--的石头。或许,再没有什么能像湖泊这般美好、纯净,同时又如此广大地躺卧在地球的表面。天光水影。它不需要篱笆。诸国来了又去,却未能玷污它。它是一面没有石头能砸裂的镜子,其水银永不会剥蚀,其镀金由大自然不断修复;没有风暴,没有尘土,能使其永远清新的表面暗淡--这是一面所有呈现给它的不洁之物都会沉没其中的镜子,由太阳朦胧的画笔清扫除尘--这光明的尘布--它不留存任何吹向它的气息,却将自身的吐纳送作云朵,高高飘浮于水面之上,并依然倒映于它的胸怀。

🔊
defiling /dɪˈfaɪlɪŋ/
v. 玷污,污损
🔊
quicksilver /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvər/
n. 水银,汞
🔊
gilding /ˈɡɪldɪŋ/
n. 镀金,装饰
🔊
hazy /ˈheɪzi/
adj. 朦胧的,模糊的

一片水域暴露了空气中存在的神灵。它持续不断地从上方接收新的生命与律动。就其本质而言,它介于陆地与天空之间。在陆地上,只有草和树木摇曳,但水本身却被风激起涟漪。我从那光带或光斑中看出微风掠过湖面的痕迹。值得注意的是,我们能俯视它的表面。或许,我们终将也这样俯视空气的表面,并标记出那更为精微的灵性拂过之处。

🔊
betrays /bɪˈtreɪz/
v. 背叛,泄露
🔊
intermediate /ˌɪntərˈmiːdiət/
adj. 中间的,中级的
🔊
rippled /ˈrɪpld/
v. 起涟漪,波动
🔊
dashes /ˈdæʃɪz/
v. 猛冲,泼溅
🔊
subtler /ˈsʌtlər/
adj. 更微妙的,更精细的
🔊 The skaters and water-bugs finally disappear in the latter part of October, when the severe frosts have come; and then and in November, usually, in a calm day, there is absolutely nothing to ripple the surface. One November afternoon, in the calm at the end of a rain-storm of several days' duration, when the sky was still completely overcast and the air was full of mist, I observed that the pond was remarkably smooth, so that it was difficult to distinguish its surface; though it no longer reflected the bright tints of October, but the sombre November colors of the surrounding hills. Though I passed over it as gently as possible, the slight undulations produced by my boat extended almost as far as I could see, and gave a ribbed appearance to the reflections. But, as I was looking over the surface, I saw here and there at a distance a faint glimmer, as if some skater insects which had escaped the frosts might be collected there, or, perchance, the surface, being so smooth, betrayed where a spring welled up from the bottom. Paddling gently to one of these places, I was surprised to find myself surrounded by myriads of small perch, about five inches long, of a rich bronze color in the green water, sporting there, and constantly rising to the surface and dimpling it, apparently attracted by some bait on the surface. There was often a dimple where a fish had taken a bug. In such transparent and seemingly bottomless water, reflecting the clouds, I seemed to be floating through the air as in a balloon, and their swimming impressed me as a kind of flight or hovering, as if they were a compact flock of birds passing just beneath my level on the right or left, their fins, like sails, set all around them. There were many such schools in the pond, apparently improving the short season before winter would draw an icy shutter over their broad skylight, sometimes giving to the surface an appearance as if a slight breeze struck it, or a few rain-drops fell there. When I approached carelessly and alarmed them, they made a sudden plash and rippling with their tails, as if one had struck the water with a brushy bough, and instantly took refuge in the depths. At length the wind rose, the mist increased, and the waves began to run, and the perch leaped much higher than before, half out of water, a hundred black points, three inches long, at once above the surface. Even in winter, when I had cut a hole in the ice and was looking into the quiet parlor of the fishes, pervaded by a softened light as through a window of ground glass, with its bright sanded floor the same as in summer, there reigned the same placid and serene atmosphere, and the same shining, silvery light was reflected from the inner side of the ice, and the perch still schooled there as in summer, and the pickerel lay as motionless as if frozen in an amber light, and it seemed as if the fishes knew the Sabbath peace and dreamed of the coming of spring.

溜冰者和水黾终于在十月末、严霜降临后消失;通常在十一月,在一个平静的日子里,湖面绝对没有任何东西能激起涟漪。一个十一月的下午,在持续数日的暴风雨后终于平静下来,天空仍完全阴沉,空气中弥漫着薄雾,我观察到池塘异常平滑,以至于难以分辨其表面;尽管它不再反射十月那明亮的色调,而是周围山峦那阴郁的十一月色彩。尽管我尽可能轻地划过水面,我的小船产生的细微涟漪几乎延伸到我目力所及之处,给倒影带来一种条状的外观。但是,当我凝视水面时,我四处看到远处有微弱的光芒闪烁,仿佛那些逃过霜冻的某些滑水昆虫可能聚集在那里,或者,或许是因为表面如此光滑,泄露了何处有泉水从湖底涌出。我轻轻划向其中一处,惊讶地发现自己被成千上万条约五英寸长的小鲈鱼包围,在绿水中呈现出富丽的青铜色,在那里嬉戏,不断地浮上水面并激起涟漪,显然是被水面上的某种饵料所吸引。常常在一处有鱼吞食了虫子时,就留下一个涟漪。在这般透明且看似无底、倒映着云彩的水中,我仿佛乘着气球在空中漂浮,而它们的游动给我一种飞翔或翱翔的印象,仿佛它们是刚好从我左右两侧下方经过的、像鸟儿般紧凑的一群,它们的鳍,像帆一样,在周身展开。池塘里有许多这样的鱼群,显然在利用冬天用冰制的百叶窗遮住它们宽阔天窗之前的短暂季节,有时给水面带来一种仿佛微风轻拂或几滴雨点落下的景象。当我漫不经心地靠近并惊扰了它们,它们突然用尾巴拍打水面,溅起水花和涟漪,仿佛有人用一根枝叶茂密的树枝击打水面,旋即遁入深处。终于,风起了,雾浓了,波浪开始涌动,鲈鱼跃得比以前高得多,半个身子跃出水面,上百个三英寸长的黑色斑点瞬间出现在水面上。甚至在冬天,当我在冰上凿了一个洞,望向那笼罩着柔和光线(如同透过毛玻璃窗)的鱼儿静谧的客厅,那有着与夏天同样明亮沙质湖底的地方,统治着同样的宁静安详氛围,同样的闪亮银光从冰的内侧反射出来,鲈鱼仍像夏天那样成群结队地游弋,梭子鱼则像冻结在那柔和的光线中一样,一动不动地躺着,仿佛鱼儿也知道安息日的宁静,并梦想着春天的来临。

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overcast /ˈoʊvərkæst/
adj. 阴天的,多云的
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undulations /ˌʌndʒəˈleɪʃənz/
n. 波动,起伏
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glimmer /ˈɡlɪmər/
n. 微光,闪烁
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myriads /ˈmɪriədz/
n. 无数,大量
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placid /ˈplæsɪd/
adj. 平静的,温和的
🔊 In winter, after a long succession of calm days, the ice is covered with a thick coat of snow, and the tracks of the skaters are scarcely visible. But in the first clear ice after a rain, before the snow falls, the surface is as smooth as glass, and you can see the bottom in forty feet of water, and the perch and pickerel swimming there, and perhaps a water-snake trailing its slow length along the bottom, or a muskrat crossing the pond, and the wrecks of the forest and the land-slides on the hills, and all the phenomena of the pond. Such is the luxury of seeing the bottom. It is as if you were looking through a window into a submarine world. The fish are evidently aware of the advantages of this state of things, and often come to the surface to enjoy the light and warmth. I have often stood on the ice, and observed the fishes through it, and sometimes I have broken a hole with my axe to see them more distinctly. They are not easily scared, and will allow you to approach quite near, if you move slowly and cautiously. Sometimes they will come and nose the ice, as if to try its thickness, and then suddenly dart away. One day I saw a pickerel lying motionless close to the ice, and, when I struck the ice with my axe, he darted off like a flash, making the water spurt up behind him. I have also seen them lying on the bottom, as if asleep, with their fins spread out, and have taken them out with my hand. They are very tame, and will allow you to handle them, if you do it gently. In the winter, the pond is a vast skating-rink, and the boys and girls from the village come to skate on it. I have sometimes joined them, and found it very pleasant to glide over the smooth surface, with the wind in my face, and the woods echoing with the sound of the skates. But the pond is most beautiful when it is covered with ice and snow, and the sun shines on it, making it sparkle like a vast diamond. Then it is a scene of fairy-like beauty, and one can hardly believe that it is the same pond that in summer is so full of life and motion.

冬天,在一连串平静的日子之后,冰面上覆盖着一层厚厚的雪,溜冰者的踪迹几乎看不见。但在雨后、下雪前最初的清澈冰面上,冰面光滑如镜,你可以在四十英尺深的水下看清湖底,看见鲈鱼和梭子鱼在那里游动,或许还有一条水蛇拖着它长长的身躯在湖底蜿蜒而行,或是一只麝鼠横穿池塘,以及森林的残骸和山体滑坡的痕迹,还有池塘所有的景象。这便是能看见湖底的奢侈享受。仿佛你正透过一扇窗户望向一个水下的世界。鱼儿显然意识到了这种状态的好处,常常游到水面来享受光线和温暖。我常常站在冰上,透过它观察鱼儿,有时我会用斧头凿一个洞以便看得更清楚。它们不容易受惊,如果你缓慢而小心地移动,它们会让你靠得非常近。有时它们会游过来用鼻子碰冰,仿佛在试探冰的厚度,然后突然游开。有一天,我看见一条梭子鱼紧挨着冰面一动不动地躺着,当我用斧头敲击冰面时,它像一道闪光般窜开,在身后溅起水花。我也曾见过它们躺在湖底,仿佛睡着了,鱼鳍张开着,并用手把它们捞出来。它们非常温顺,如果你动作轻柔,它们会允许你触摸。冬天,池塘是一个巨大的溜冰场,村里的男孩女孩们会来溜冰。我有时会加入他们,发现在光滑的冰面上滑行非常惬意,风拂过脸庞,树林回响着冰刀的声音。但池塘最美的时候,是当它被冰雪覆盖,阳光照耀其上,使它像一颗巨大的钻石般闪闪发光。那时它呈现出一种如梦似幻的美景,人们几乎难以相信这就是那个在夏天充满生机与律动的池塘。

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succession /səkˈseʃn/
n. 连续,继任
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luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/
n. 奢侈,豪华
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submarine /ˌsʌbməˈriːn/
adj. 水下的,海底的
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cautiously /ˈkɔːʃəsli/
adv. 谨慎地,小心地
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fairy-like /ˈfeəri laɪk/
adj. 仙女般的,梦幻的
🔊 I have said that Walden has no visible inlet nor outlet, but it is on the one hand distantly and indirectly related to Flint's Pond, which is more elevated, by a chain of small ponds coming from that quarter, and on the other hand directly and manifestly to Concord River, which is lower, by a similar chain of ponds through which in some other geological period it may have flowed, and by a little digging, which God forbid, it can be made to flow thither again. If by living thus reserved and austere, like a hermit in the woods, I have learned what are the gross necessaries of life, I have also learned what are the gross necessaries of the soul; and I have found that I could do without the former, but not without the latter. I have also learned that the swiftest traveller is he that goes afoot. I have met with but one or two persons in the course of my life who understood the art of Walking, that is, of taking walks,-who had a genius, so to speak, for sauntering: which word is beautifully derived "from idle people who roved about the country, in the Middle Ages, and asked charity, under pretense of going à la Sainte Terre," to the Holy Land, till the children exclaimed, "There goes a Sainte-Terrer," a Saunterer, a Holy-Lander. They who never go to the Holy Land in their walks, as they pretend, are indeed mere idlers and vagabonds; but they who do go there are saunterers in the good sense, such as I mean. Some, however, would derive the word from sans terre, without land or a home, which, therefore, in the good sense, will mean, having no particular home, but equally at home everywhere. For this is the secret of successful sauntering. He who sits still in a house all the time may be the greatest vagrant of all; but the saunterer, in the good sense, is no more vagrant than the meandering river, which is all the while sedulously seeking the shortest course to the sea. But I prefer the first, which, indeed, is the most probable derivation. For every walk is a sort of crusade, preached by some Peter the Hermit in us, to go forth and reconquer this Holy Land from the hands of the Infidels.

我曾说过瓦尔登湖没有可见的入水口或出水口,但它一方面通过来自那个方向的一系列小池塘,与地势更高的弗林特湖有着遥远而间接的联系;另一方面,通过一个类似的小池塘系列,与地势较低的康科德河有着直接而明显的联系,在某些其他地质时期,它可能曾流经那里,而只要稍加挖掘(愿上帝阻止此事),它就能重新流向那里。如果通过这样隐逸而简朴、像一位林中独居的修行者一般的生活,我学会了什么是生活粗陋的必需,我也学会了什么是灵魂粗陋的必需;并且我发现,我可以没有前者,但不能没有后者。我也明白了,步行的人才是最快的旅行者。我一生中只遇见过一两个懂得步行艺术的人--即懂得散步艺术的人--他们可以说有一种闲逛的天赋:这个词的起源很美妙,“源自中世纪时在乡间游荡、以去圣地朝圣为名乞讨施舍的闲散之人”,直到孩子们喊道:“那里有个圣地漫游者。”那些从未如他们自称的那样在散步中去往圣地的人,确实是纯粹的懒汉和流浪者;但那些真正去到那里的人,则是这个词美好意义上的“漫游者”,正如我所指。然而,有些人认为这个词源于 sans terre,即没有土地或家园,因此,在美好的意义上,它将意味着没有特定的家,但处处为家。因为这才是成功漫游的秘诀。一直静坐在屋中的人,或许才是最大的流浪者;但美好意义上的漫游者,其流浪程度并不比蜿蜒曲折的河流更甚,后者始终孜孜不倦地寻求通往大海的最短路径。但我更喜欢第一种说法,事实上它也是最有可能的词源。因为每一次散步都是一种十字军东征,由我们内心中的某位隐士彼得所鼓吹,要我们出发去从异教徒手中重新征服这片圣地。

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distantly /ˈdɪstəntli/
adv. 遥远地,疏远地
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elevated /ˈelɪveɪtɪd/
adj. elevated,高的, elevated
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geological /ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
adj. 地质的
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austere /ɒˈstɪər/
adj. austere,简朴的,严厉的
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sauntering /ˈsɔːntərɪŋ/
v. 闲逛,漫步

我偶尔见到这些森林昔日的居民,以他们子孙的身份重返故地,来采摘越橘。他们告诉我,他们的祖先很久以前住在这里,而他们自己童年时也曾来过这里,如今他们老了,又再次前来采摘他们童年时的浆果。他们仿佛是昔日居民的幽灵,重访年少时的故地。我环顾四周寻找他们居所的痕迹,却只发现一个个地窖坑洞,如今已被落叶和腐土迅速填满,以及零星几处长满青苔的石头--这是曾有人在此度过一生的唯一纪念碑。这里曾经历过多少希望与恐惧,多少欢乐与悲伤!它们都已消逝,树林一片寂静,唯有风声穿过树林的叹息,仿佛在哀悼逝者。

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ancestors /ˈænsestərz/
n. 祖先,祖宗
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ghosts /ɡoʊsts/
n. 鬼魂,幽灵
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revisiting /riːˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/
v. 重访,再次访问
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cellar-holes /ˈselər hoʊlz/
n. 地窖洞, cellar孔
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moss-grown /ˈmɒs ɡroʊn/
adj. 长满苔藓的

冬天,池塘也有它的冬日访客。当积雪最深的时候,一连一两周都不会有漫游者敢靠近我的屋子,但我在那里住得像只田鼠一样安逸,也像据说被埋在雪堆里很长时间、甚至无需食物也能生存的牛羊和家禽一样;但我的伙食并没有那么匮乏,因为我储存了充足的土豆和其他蔬菜。一个夜晚,一位在暴风雪中迷路的人来到我的门前,我收留了他。他是个诗人,我们彻夜谈论各种话题。他说他来看冬天装扮下的池塘,并收集作诗的素材。我发现他是个真正的自然爱好者,我们相谈甚欢。另一次,一位在林中生活了五十年的老猎人留宿在我这里,给我讲述了昔日居民的故事,以及他所目睹的变迁。这些就是我的冬日访客,他们帮我打破了这季节的单调。

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snug /snʌɡ/
adj. 温暖舒适的, snug
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meadow mouse /ˈmedoʊ maʊs/
n. phrase. 草地鼠,田鼠
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poultry /ˈpoʊltri/
n. 家禽
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scant /skænt/
adj. 不足的,缺乏的
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monotony /məˈnɒtəni/
n. 单调,乏味
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