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Chapter ten (第十章)

探索《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》第10章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇及解释,以及英文原文音频。边听边提升阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

长老离开自己的净室,大约过了二十五分钟。已是十二点半多,德米特里·费奥多罗维奇却还没出现,而大家原是为他才聚在这里的。然而他似乎已被遗忘了。长老回到净室时,发现客人们正在热切地交谈。伊万和两位修士主导着谈话。米乌索夫也显然很急切地想加入谈话,却并不成功。他显然被冷落在一边,他的话没人理睬,这让他更加恼火。他以前就和伊万有过思想交锋,伊万对他那种满不在乎的态度,他是无法忍受的。

🔊
irritability /ˌɪrɪtəˈbɪləti/
n. 易怒,烦躁
🔊
intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛktʃuəl/
adj. 智力的,知识的
🔊
encounters /ɪnˈkaʊntərz/
n. 遭遇,相遇
🔊
endure /ɪnˈdjʊə/
v. 忍受,忍耐
🔊
carelessness /ˈkeələsnəs/
n. 粗心,疏忽
🔊Hitherto at least I have stood in the front ranks of all that is progressive in Europe, and here the new generation positively ignores us,’ he thought.

“至少,到目前为止,在欧洲一切进步事业的前列,我总是站在前头的,而在这里,新一代人却根本不把我们放在眼里,”他心想。

🔊
Hitherto /ˌhɪðəˈtuː/
adv. 迄今为止
🔊
progressive /prəˈɡresɪv/
adj. 进步的,先进的
🔊
positively /ˈpɒzətɪvli/
adv. 肯定地,积极地

费奥多尔·巴甫洛维奇虽然保证过要坐着安静下来,并且也确实安静了一阵子,但他带着讥诮的微笑注视着邻座的米乌索夫,显然很欣赏对方的窘态。他早就想算旧账了,现在可不肯放过这个机会。他俯身凑到米乌索夫肩头,又开始低声奚落他。

🔊
ironical /aɪˈrɒnɪkəl/
adj. 讽刺的,反语的
🔊
discomfiture /dɪsˈkʌmfɪtʃə/
n. 狼狈,窘迫

“您刚才在‘礼貌地亲吻’之后,为什么不走呢?您怎么会同意留在这么一群有失体面的人中间?那是因为您觉得受了侮辱,心有不甘,所以留下来想炫耀一下您的才智,为自己争口气。您要是不在他们面前显摆完您的才智,是不会走的。”

🔊
courteously /ˈkɜːtiəsli/
adv. 有礼貌地,谦恭地
🔊
unseemly /ʌnˈsiːmli/
adj. 不体面的,不合适的
🔊
aggrieved /əˈɡriːvd/
adj. 受委屈的,感到不平的
🔊
vindicate /ˈvɪndɪkeɪt/
v. 辩护,证明清白
🔊
intellect /ˈɪntəlekt/
n. 智力,理智
🔊You again?... On the contrary, Im just going.’

“又是您?……恰恰相反,我这就走。”

“您会是最后一个,最后一个走的!” 费奥多尔·巴甫洛维奇又刺了他一句,几乎就在佐西马长老回来的那一刻。

🔊
thrust /θrʌst/
n. 刺,猛推;攻击

讨论暂时平息下来,但长老在自己原来的座位上坐下,环视众人,亲切地示意大家继续。阿辽沙熟悉他脸上每一种表情,看得出他已疲惫不堪,在强打精神。最近,他常常因精疲力竭而昏厥。此刻他脸上正呈现出发作前常见的苍白,嘴唇也毫无血色。但他显然不想中断这次聚会。他似乎自有某种特殊的用意,才将他们留在这里。是什么用意?阿辽沙专注地注视着他。

🔊
cordially /ˈkɔːdiəli/
adv. 热情地,诚挚地
🔊
fearfully /ˈfɪəfəli/
adv. 非常地,恐惧地
🔊
exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/
adj. 筋疲力尽的
🔊
liable /ˈlaɪəbəl/
adj. 易于…的,有责任的
🔊
fainting fits /ˈfeɪntɪŋ fɪts/
n. 昏厥发作
🔊
pallor /ˈpælə/
n. 苍白,灰白
🔊
intently /ɪnˈtentli/
adv. 专注地,集中地
🔊We are discussing this gentlemans most interesting article,’ said Father Iosif, the librarian, addressing the elder, and indicating Ivan. ‘He brings forward much that is new, but I think the argument cuts both ways. It is an article written in answer to a book by an ecclesiastical authority on the question of the ecclesiastical court, and the scope of its jurisdiction.’

“我们正在讨论这位先生一篇非常有趣的论文,”图书馆管理员约瑟夫神父指着伊万,对长老说,“他提出了许多新见解,但我觉得这个论点可以两面来理解。这篇论文是针对一位教会权威人士关于教会法庭及其权限问题的著作而写的答辩。”

🔊
librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/
n. 图书管理员
🔊
addressing /əˈdresɪŋ/
v. 向…讲话,处理
🔊
indicating /ˈɪndɪkeɪtɪŋ/
v. 指出,表明
🔊
cuts both ways /kʌts bəʊθ weɪz/
phrase. 有利有弊,两面都行得通
🔊
ecclesiastical /ɪˌkliːziˈæstɪkəl/
adj. 教会的,牧师的
🔊
jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn/
n. 管辖权,司法权

“很遗憾,我没有拜读您的大作,不过倒是听人说起过,”长老说着,用锐利而专注的目光看着伊万。

🔊
keenly /ˈkiːnli/
adv. 敏锐地,强烈地

“他持有一个非常有趣的立场,”图书馆长神父继续说道,“就教会司法权而言,他似乎完全反对教会与国家分离。”

🔊
opposed /əˈpəʊzd/
adj. 反对的,相对的
🔊
separation /ˌsepəˈreɪʃn/
n. 分离,分开

“这倒有趣。不过,是什么意义上的呢?” 佐西马长老问伊万。

🔊 The latter, at last, answered him, not condescendingly, as Alyosha had feared, but with modesty and reserve, with evident goodwill and apparently without the slightest arrièrepensée.

后者终于回答了他,语气并不像阿辽沙担心的那样居高临下,而是谦逊而克制,明显带着善意,似乎毫无弦外之音。

🔊
condescendingly /ˌkɒndɪˈsendɪŋli/
adv. 居高临下地,屈尊俯就地
🔊
modesty /ˈmɒdəsti/
n. 谦虚,谦逊
🔊
reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/
n. 矜持,保留
🔊
goodwill /ɡʊdˈwɪl/
n. 善意,友好

“我是从这样一个前提出发的:即教会与国家的本质原则,这些元素的混淆,当然会永远持续下去,尽管事实上它们无法融合,并且这种混淆不可能带来任何一贯的、甚至正常的结果,因为其基础本身就含有虚妄。我认为,在诸如司法权这类问题上,教会与国家之间的妥协,在真正的意义上是不可能的。我的教会对手主张,教会在国家中占有精确而确定的地位。相反,我主张教会应当包容整个国家,而不是仅仅在其中占据一隅。如果由于某些原因,目前这还不可能实现,那么,这实际上应该被设定为基督教社会未来发展的直接和主要目标!”

🔊
confusion /kənˈfjuːʒn/
n. 混淆,混乱
🔊
essential /ɪˈsenʃl/
adj. 基本的,必要的
🔊
principles /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/
n. 原则,原理
🔊
mingle /ˈmɪŋɡl/
v. 混合,交往
🔊
consistent /kənˈsɪstənt/
adj. 一致的,持续的
🔊
falsity /ˈfɔːlsəti/
n. 虚假,错误
🔊
foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/
n. 基础,地基
🔊
compromise /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/
n. 妥协,折中
🔊
clerical /ˈklerɪkl/
adj. 牧师的,文书的
🔊
opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/
n. 对手,反对者
🔊
precise /prɪˈsaɪs/
adj. 精确的,准确的
🔊
defined /dɪˈfaɪnd/
adj. 定义的,清晰的
🔊
occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/
v. 占据,占用
🔊Perfectly true,’ Father Païssy, the silent and learned monk, assented with fervor and decision.

“完全正确,”一向沉默寡言但学识渊博的派西神父热烈而果断地表示赞同。

🔊
assented /əˈsentɪd/
v. 同意,赞成
🔊
fervor /ˈfɜːrvə/
n. 热情,热诚
🔊The purest Ultramontanism!’ cried Miûsov impatiently, crossing and recrossing his legs.

“纯粹的越山主义!” 米乌索夫不耐烦地叫起来,双腿交叉了又放开。

🔊
Ultramontanism /ˌʌltrəˈmɒntənɪzəm/
n. 教皇至上主义
🔊
impatiently /ɪmˈpeɪʃntli/
adv. 不耐烦地

“啊,我们这儿可没有山,” 约瑟夫神父叫道,接着转向长老继续说,“请注意他对对手--您必须注意,对方是一位教士--的下列‘根本和本质’命题的回答。第一,‘任何社会组织都不能也不应僭取处置其成员公民与政治权利之权力。’第二,‘刑事与民事司法权不应属于教会,并且与其作为神性机构及人类宗教性组织的性质相悖。’最后,第三,‘教会不属这世界。’”

🔊
arrogate /ˈærəɡeɪt/
v. 擅取;霸占;冒称
🔊
ecclesiastic /ɪˌkliːziˈæstɪk/
n. 神职人员;牧师

“一位教士玩弄这种文字游戏,实在有失体统!” 派西神父忍不住又插话了。“我拜读过您所答辩的那本书,”他对伊万补充道,“对于‘教会不属这世界’这种说法感到震惊。如果它不属于这世界,那它根本就不能存在于地上。《福音书》中‘不属这世界’的话,不是那样用的。玩弄这样的字眼是不可原谅的。我们的主耶稣基督降临,是要在地上建立教会。天国,当然不属这世界,乃在天上;但只有通过建立在地上的教会才能进入。因此,在此等语境下玩弄轻浮的文字游戏是不可原谅的,也是不恰当的。教会,在真理上,是一个国度,并被授予了统治权,最终无疑必将成为统治全地的国度。对此,我们有神的应许。”

🔊
astounded /əˈstaʊndɪd/
adj. 震惊的;大吃一惊的
🔊
indefensible /ˌɪndɪˈfensəb(ə)l/
adj. 无法辩护的;站不住脚的;不可原谅的
🔊
unpardonable /ʌnˈpɑːd(ə)nəb(ə)l/
adj. 不可原谅的;不可宽恕的
🔊
improper /ɪmˈprɒpə(r)/
adj. 不适当的;不合适的;不合礼仪的

他突然住口,仿佛控制住了自己。伊万恭谨而专注地听完,接着便以完全的镇静和一如既往的热忱,对长老继续说道:

🔊
composure /kəmˈpəʊʒə(r)/
n. 镇定;沉着
🔊
cordiality /ˌkɔːdiˈæləti/
n. 热情友好;诚挚
🔊The whole point of my article lies in the fact that during the first three centuries Christianity only existed on earth in the Church and was nothing but the Church. When the pagan Roman Empire desired to become Christian, it inevitably happened that, by becoming Christian, it included the Church but remained a pagan State in very many of its departments. In reality this was bound to happen. But Rome as a State retained too much of the pagan civilization and culture, as, for example, in the very objects and fundamental principles of the State. The Christian Church entering into the State could, of course, surrender no part of its fundamental principles-the rock on which it stands-and could pursue no other aims than those which have been ordained and revealed by God Himself, and among them that of drawing the whole world, and therefore the ancient pagan State itself, into the Church. In that way (that is, with a view to the future) it is not the Church that should seek a definite position in the State, likeevery social organization,’ or asan organization of men for religious purposes’ (as my opponent calls the Church), but, on the contrary, every earthly State should be, in the end, completely transformed into the Church and should become nothing else but a Church, rejecting every purpose incongruous with the aims of the Church. All this will not degrade it in any way or take from its honor and glory as a great State, nor from the glory of its rulers, but only turns it from a false, still pagan, and mistaken path to the true and rightful path, which alone leads to the eternal goal. This is why the author of the book On the Foundations of Church Jurisdiction would have judged correctly if, in seeking and laying down those foundations, he had looked upon them as a temporary compromise inevitable in our sinful and imperfect days. But as soon as the author ventures to declare that the foundations which he predicates now, part of which Father Iosif just enumerated, are the permanent, essential, and eternal foundations, he is going directly against the Church and its sacred and eternal vocation. That is the gist of my article.’

“我论文的全部要点在于,头三个世纪,基督教仅仅存在于地上作为教会,并且除了教会之外什么也不是。当异教的罗马帝国想要成为基督教国家时,不可避免地发生了这样的情况:它在成为基督教国家的同时,包含了教会,但在其许多部门中,仍然是一个异教国家。实际上,这必然会发生。但罗马作为一个国家,保留了太多异教文明与文化,例如,在其国家的根本目标和原则之中。进入国家的基督教会,当然不能放弃其根本原则的任何一部分--即它所立足的磐石--也不能追求除神亲自命定和启示之外的其他目标,其中包括将整个世界,乃至古代异教国家本身,纳入教会。因此(即着眼于未来),不应是教会像‘每一个社会组织’或‘为宗教目的的人类组织’(如我的对手称呼教会那样)在国家中寻求一个确定的地位;相反,每一个地上的国家,最终都应被完全转化为教会,并且除了教会之外别无他物,摒弃一切与教会目标不相容的目的。这一切丝毫不会贬低它作为一个伟大国家的荣誉与荣耀,也不会减损其统治者的荣耀,只是将它从一个错误的、仍是异教的、迷途的路径,引向唯一能通向永恒目标的真实而正确的路径。《论教会司法权基础》一书的作者,如果他在寻求和奠定这些基础时,仅仅将它们看作我们这有罪而不完美的时代所不可避免的暂时妥协,那他的判断原本是正确的。然而,一旦他胆敢宣称,他所预设的这些基础(约瑟夫神父刚才列举了一部分)是永恒、本质且永久的基础,那他就直接违背了教会及其神圣永恒的使命。这就是我论文的核心。”

🔊
pagan /ˈpeɪɡən/
adj. 异教的;非基督教的;不信教的
🔊
inevitably /ɪnˈevɪtəbli/
adv. 不可避免地;必然地
🔊
surrender /səˈrendə(r)/
v. 投降;放弃;交出
🔊
incongruous /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs/
adj. 不协调的;不一致的;不适宜的
🔊
gist /dʒɪst/
n. 要点;主旨

“简而言之,” 派西神父又开始强调地说道,“根据十九世纪某些表述得再清楚不过的理论,教会应当转化为国家,仿佛这是一种从低级形式向高级形式的进步,以便消失在国体之中,为科学、时代精神和文明让路。如果教会抗拒且不愿意,那么就在国家中为她划出一隅之地,甚至处于监管之下--在所有现代欧洲国家都是如此。但是,俄国的期望与观念要求,并非教会应当从一种低级类型转化为高级类型的国家,相反,而是国家最终应当配得上仅仅成为教会,别无他物。但愿如此!但愿如此!”

🔊
formulated /ˈfɔːmjuleɪtɪd/
adj. 明确阐述的;系统规划的
🔊
resists /rɪˈzɪsts/
v. 抵抗;抗拒;抵制

“好吧,我承认您这番话让我多少安心了些,” 米乌索夫微笑着说,又跷起了腿。“那么,据我理解,这种理想的实现是遥遥无期的,要等到基督第二次降临。那就随您怎么说吧。这是一个废除战争、外交、银行等等的美丽乌托邦梦想--确实,有点像社会主义那一套。但我原本以为这都是当真的,以为教会或许现在就要去审判罪犯,判处他们鞭打、监禁,甚至死刑。”

🔊
Utopian /juːˈtəʊpiən/
adj. 乌托邦的;空想的;理想化的
🔊
abolition /ˌæbəˈlɪʃ(ə)n/
n. 废除;废止
🔊
diplomacy /dɪˈpləʊməsi/
n. 外交;外交手腕;交际手段

“但是,如果只有教会法庭,那么即使现在,教会也不会判处罪犯监禁或死刑。犯罪本身以及看待犯罪的方式,将不可避免地改变,当然不是立刻全部改变,但也会相当快,” 伊万平静地回答,毫不退缩。

“您这是认真的吗?” 米乌索夫锐利地瞥了他一眼。

“如果一切都成为教会,那么教会将把一切罪犯与不服从者革出教门,而不会砍掉他们的脑袋,” 伊万继续说。“我问您,被革出教门者会怎么样呢?那么,他将不仅像现在这样与人隔绝,而且是与基督隔绝。他的罪行,将不仅是触犯了人,也触犯了基督的教会。当然,严格说来,现在也是如此,但这并未被明确宣告,而且今天许许多多的罪犯,都和他自己的良心妥协:‘我偷窃,’他说,‘但我并不反对教会。我不是基督的敌人。’这正是今日的罪犯不断对自己说的话。但当教会取代了国家,他若要反对全世界的教会,而说:‘所有人都错了,所有人都误入歧途,全人类都是虚假的教会。我,一个盗贼和杀人犯,才是唯一的真正基督教教会。’这将是非常困难的;这需要罕见而特殊的境况组合。现在,从另一方面来看,教会自身对犯罪的看法:难道它不应该放弃目前这种近乎异教的态度,从如今这种为保存社会而机械地切除其受污染成员的做法,转变为完全而诚实地采纳改造人、使其重生和得救的观念吗?”

🔊
transgressed /trænzˈɡrest/
v. 违反(法律、规则);违背(道德准则)
🔊
enunciated /ɪˈnʌnsieɪtɪd/
v. 清晰地阐述;发音
🔊
compromises /ˈkɒmprəmaɪzɪz/
v. 妥协;折中;危害
🔊
regeneration /rɪˌdʒenəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
n. 再生;复兴;恢复

“您什么意思?我又不明白了,” 米乌索夫打断道。“又是某种梦想。某种无形无状甚至不可理解的东西。什么是革出教门?什么样的排斥?我怀疑您根本就是在逗乐子,伊万·费奥多罗维奇。”

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excommunication /ˌekskəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
n. 逐出教会;开除教籍

“是的,但您知道,实际上现在就是如此,” 长老突然开口,众人立刻都转向他。“如果没有基督的教会,那就没有任何东西可以阻止罪犯作恶,事后也没有真正的惩罚;也就是说,除了刚才所说的机械惩罚外,别无他物。而这种机械惩罚,在大多数情况下,只会使人心更加冷酷。并非那种真正的惩罚,唯一有效、唯一能起威慑和软化作用的惩罚,那在于良知对罪的承认。”

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chastisement /tʃæˈstaɪzmənt/
n. 惩罚;责罚
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embitters /ɪmˈbɪtəz/
v. 使痛苦;使怨恨;加重
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deterrent /dɪˈterənt/
adj. 威慑的;遏制的

“可以请教,那是怎么回事吗?” 米乌索夫带着强烈的好奇心问道。

🔊Why,’ began the elder, ‘all these sentences to exile with hard labor, and formerly with flogging also, reform no one, and whats more, deter hardly a single criminal, and the number of crimes does not diminish but is continually on the increase. You must admit that. Consequently the security of society is not preserved, for, although the obnoxious member is mechanically cut off and sent far away out of sight, another criminal always comes to take his place at once, and often two of them. If anything does preserve society, even in our time, and does regenerate and transform the criminal, it is only the law of Christ speaking in his conscience. It is only by recognizing his wrongdoing as a son of a Christian society-that is, of the Church-that he recognizes his sin against society-that is, against the Church. So that it is only against the Church, and not against the State, that the criminal of today can recognize that he has sinned. If society, as a Church, had jurisdiction, then it would know when to bring back from exclusion and to reunite to itself. Now the Church having no real jurisdiction, but only the power of moral condemnation, withdraws of her own accord from punishing the criminal actively. She does not excommunicate him but simply persists in motherly exhortation of him. What is more, the Church even tries to preserve all Christian communion with the criminal. She admits him to church services, to the holy sacrament, gives him alms, and treats him more as a captive than as a convict. And what would become of the criminal, O Lord, if even the Christian society-that is, the Church-were to reject him even as the civil law rejects him and cuts him off? What would become of him if the Church punished him with her excommunication as the direct consequence of the secular law? There could be no more terrible despair, at least for a Russian criminal, for Russian criminals still have faith. Though, who knows, perhaps then a fearful thing would happen, perhaps the despairing heart of the criminal would lose its faith and then what would become of him? But the Church, like a tender, loving mother, holds aloof from active punishment herself, as the sinner is too severely punished already by the civil law, and there must be at least some one to have pity on him. The Church holds aloof, above all, because its judgment is the only one that contains the truth, and therefore cannot practically and morally be united to any other judgment even as a temporary compromise. She can enter into no compact about that. The foreign criminal, they say, rarely repents, for the very doctrines of today confirm him in the idea that his crime is not a crime, but only a reaction against an unjustly oppressive force. Society cuts him off completely by a force that triumphs over him mechanically and (so at least they say of themselves in Europe) accompanies this exclusion with hatred, forgetfulness, and the most profound indifference as to the ultimate fate of the erring brother. In this way, it all takes place without the compassionate intervention of the Church, for in many cases there are no churches there at all, for though ecclesiastics and splendid church buildings remain, the churches themselves have long ago striven to pass from Church into State and to disappear in it completely. So it seems at least in Lutheran countries. As for Rome, it was proclaimed a State instead of a Church a thousand years ago. And so the criminal is no longer conscious of being a member of the Church and sinks into despair. If he returns to society, often it is with such hatred that society itself instinctively cuts him off. You can judge for yourself how it must end. In many cases it would seem to be the same with us, but the difference is that besides the established law courts we have the Church too, which always keeps up relations with the criminal as a dear and still precious son. And besides that, there is still preserved, though only in thought, the judgment of the Church, which though no longer existing in practice is still living as a dream for the future, and is, no doubt, instinctively recognized by the criminal in his soul. What was said here just now is true too, that is, that if the jurisdiction of the Church were introduced in practice in its full force, that is, if the whole of the society were changed into the Church, not only the judgment of the Church would have influence on the reformation of the criminal such as it never has now, but possibly also the crimes themselves would be incredibly diminished. And there can be no doubt that the Church would look upon the criminal and the crime of the future in many cases quite differently and would succeed in restoring the excluded, in restraining those who plan evil, and in regenerating the fallen. It is true,’ said Father Zossima, with a smile, ‘the Christian society now is not ready and is only resting on some seven righteous men, but as they are never lacking, it will continue still unshaken in expectation of its complete transformation from a society almost heathen in character into a single universal and allpowerful Church. So be it, so be it! Even though at the end of the ages, for it is ordained to come to pass! And there is no need to be troubled about times and seasons, for the secret of the times and seasons is in the wisdom of God, in His foresight, and His love. And what in human reckoning seems still afar off, may by the Divine ordinance be close at hand, on the eve of its appearance. And so be it, so be it!’

“是这样的,” 长老开始说道,“所有那些流放苦役的判决,从前还包括鞭笞,并不能改造任何人,而且更重要的是,几乎吓不住任何罪犯,犯罪的数量非但没有减少,反而持续增加。您必须承认这一点。因此,社会的安全并未得到保障,因为,尽管那个令人厌恶的成员被机械地切除并远远地送走,但立刻总有另一个、常常是两个罪犯来接替他的位置。如果说,即使在我们的时代,有什么东西能保存社会,并且能改造和转变罪犯,那只有他良心里基督的律法。只有当他作为一个基督教社会--即教会--的儿子,承认自己作恶时,他才承认自己犯了反对社会--即反对教会--的罪。因此,今日的罪犯,只能认识到他触犯的是教会,而不是国家。如果社会,作为教会,拥有司法权,那么它就知道何时将受排斥者带回来,并重新接纳他。现在,教会没有实际的司法权,只有道德谴责的力量,便主动退出了对罪犯的积极惩罚。她不革除他的教籍,只是慈母般地坚持劝诫他。不仅如此,教会甚至努力保持与罪犯的一切基督徒团契。她允许他参加教堂礼拜,领受圣餐,施舍他,待他更像一个被俘者,而非罪犯。哦,主啊,如果连基督徒社会--即教会--也像民法那样将他抛弃、与他隔绝,那么他会变成什么样呢?如果教会用革出教门来惩罚他,而这革出又是世俗法判决的直接结果,那会怎么样呢?那将会导致最可怕的绝望,至少对一个俄国罪犯来说是这样,因为俄国罪犯仍有信仰。不过,谁知道呢,也许那时会发生一件可怕的事,也许那绝望的罪犯之心会失去信仰,那时他会变成什么样呢?但是,教会,像一位温柔慈爱的母亲,自己不施积极惩罚,因为罪人已被民法严酷地惩罚了,至少必须有一个人怜悯他。教会置身事外,首先是因为她的判断是唯一包含真理的判断,因此在实践上和道德上,都不能与任何其他判决结合,即便是作为暂时的妥协也不行。关于这一点,她不能达成任何契约。据说,外国的罪犯很少悔改,因为今天的种种学说正巩固着他们这样的想法:他们的罪行并非罪行,仅仅是对不公正的压迫力量的反抗。社会用一种凌驾于他之上的机械力量将他彻底隔绝,并且(至少欧洲人自己是这么说的)伴随着这种隔绝的,是仇恨、遗忘,以及对这位迷途兄弟最终命运最深切的漠然。如此一来,这一切的发生,都没有教会怜悯的干预,因为在许多情况下,那里根本就没有教会可言。尽管仍有教士和宏伟的教堂建筑,但教堂本身早已力图从教会转变为国家,并完全消失在其中。至少在路德宗国家似乎是这样的。至于罗马,一千年前它就被宣告为一个国家,而非教会了。于是,罪犯不再意识到自己是教会的一员,从而陷入绝望。如果他回到社会,常常是带着如此的仇恨,以至于社会本身本能地排斥他。您可以自己判断结局会如何。在许多情况下,我们这里似乎也是一样,但不同之处在于,除了既定的法院之外,我们还有教会,教会始终与罪犯保持联系,视他为亲爱的、仍然宝贵的儿子。此外,尽管只是思想上的,教会的审判依然保留着,虽不再实际存在,却仍作为未来的梦想而活着,并且无疑被罪犯的灵魂本能地认识到。刚才这里所说的也是对的,即如果教会的司法权以其全部力量在实践中被引入,也就是说,如果整个社会都被改变为教会,那么不仅教会的审判会对罪犯的改造产生影响(这是它现在所没有的),而且很可能犯罪本身也会难以置信地减少。并且毫无疑问,在未来许多情况下,教会看待罪犯和罪行的方式会完全不同,并且能成功地恢复被革除者,遏制图谋作恶者,并使堕落者重生。诚然,” 佐西马长老微笑着说,“现在的基督教社会尚未准备好,且只靠着某七位义人维系着。但由于他们从不缺乏,这社会仍将屹立不倒,等待着自己从一个几乎具有异教特征的社会,转变为一个单一的、普世的、全能的教会。但愿如此!但愿如此!即使是在世代之末实现,因为它注定要成就!无需为时日与季节烦忧,因为时日与季节的奥秘,在于神的智慧、祂的预见和祂的爱。在人看来似乎遥远的事物,按神的旨意,或许已近在咫尺,即将显现。但愿如此!但愿如此!”

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obnoxious /əbˈnɒkʃəs/
adj. 令人非常不快的;可憎的;讨厌的
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repents /rɪˈpents/
v. 悔悟;忏悔
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doctrines /ˈdɒktrɪnz/
n. 教义;学说;主义
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ecclesiastics /ɪˌkliːziˈæstɪks/
n. 神职人员(复数);教会人士
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instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/
adv. 本能地;直觉地

“但愿如此!但愿如此!” 派西神父严肃而虔敬地重复道。

“奇怪,真是奇怪至极!” 米乌索夫说道,与其说是激动,不如说是压抑着愤慨。

🔊What strikes you as so strange?’ Father Iosif inquired cautiously.

“是什么让您觉得如此奇怪?” 约瑟夫神父谨慎地询问道。

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inquired /ɪnˈkwaɪəd/
v. 询问,打听(尤指正式或详细地)
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cautiously /ˈkɔːʃəsli/
adv. 谨慎地,小心地

“怎么,这简直超越一切了!” 米乌索夫突然发作起来;“国家被取消了,而教会被提升到国家的地位。这不单是越山主义,这是极端的越山主义!这超越了教皇格里高利七世的梦想!”

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eliminated /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪtɪd/
v. 消除,排除,淘汰
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arch‐Ultramontanism /ˌɑːrtʃ ˌʌltrəˈmɒntənɪzəm/
n. 极端的教皇极权主义

“您完全误解了,” 派西神父严厉地说。“要明白,教会不是要转化为国家。那是罗马及其梦想。那是魔鬼的第三次试探。相反,国家要转化为教会,将要上升并成为全世界的教会--这恰恰与越山主义、罗马以及您的解释相反,并且仅仅是正教教会被命定的荣耀命运。这颗明星将从东方升起!”

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transformed /trænsˈfɔːrmd/
v. 使改变,使转化
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temptation /tempˈteɪʃn/
n. 诱惑,引诱
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ascend /əˈsend/
v. 上升,升高
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interpretation /ɪnˌtɜːrprɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 解释,阐释;理解
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glorious /ˈɡlɔːriəs/
adj. 光荣的,辉煌的;极好的
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destiny /ˈdestəni/
n. 命运,天命
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ordained /ɔːrˈdeɪnd/
v. 任命…为神职人员;注定,规定
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Orthodox Church /ˈɔːrθədɑːks tʃɜːrtʃ/
n. 东正教会

米乌索夫意味深长地沉默了。他整个身形流露出非同寻常的个人尊严。他的唇边挂着一丝傲慢而屈尊的微笑。阿辽沙的心怦怦直跳,目睹着这一切。整个谈话深深震撼了他。他随意地瞥了一眼拉基京,后者仍一动不动地站在门边的原处,低垂着眼帘,专注地倾听着、观望着。但从他脸颊的颜色,阿辽沙猜到拉基京大概也和他一样激动,而且他知道是什么原因令他激动。

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significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/
adv. 显著地,明显地;有重大意义地
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extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːrdəneri/
adj. 非凡的,异常的;特别的
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dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/
n. 尊严,庄严;高尚
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supercilious /ˌsuːpərˈsɪliəs/
adj. 傲慢的,目空一切的
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condescending /ˌkɑːndɪˈsendɪŋ/
adj. 居高临下的,带着优越感的
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throbbing /ˈθrɑːbɪŋ/
adj. 悸动的,抽痛的;有规律跳动的
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profoundly /prəˈfaʊndli/
adv. 深刻地,极度地;深奥地
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casually /ˈkæʒuəli/
adv. 随意地,漫不经心地;非正式地
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immovable /ɪˈmuːvəbl/
adj. 不可移动的;坚定不移的
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downcast /ˈdaʊnkæst/
adj. 低垂的;沮丧的,垂头丧气的
🔊Allow me to tell you one little anecdote, gentlemen,’ Miûsov said impressively, with a peculiarly majestic air. ‘Some years ago, soon after the coup d’état of December, I happened to be calling in Paris on an extremely influential personage in the Government, and I met a very interesting man in his house. This individual was not precisely a detective but was a sort of superintendent of a whole regiment of political detectives-a rather powerful position in its own way. I was prompted by curiosity to seize the opportunity of conversation with him. And as he had not come as a visitor but as a subordinate official bringing a special report, and as he saw the reception given me by his chief, he deigned to speak with some openness, to a certain extent only, of course. He was rather courteous than open, as Frenchmen know how to be courteous, especially to a foreigner. But I thoroughly understood him. The subject was the socialist revolutionaries who were at that time persecuted. I will quote only one most curious remark dropped by this person. ‘We are not particularly afraid,’ said he, ‘of all these socialists, anarchists, infidels, and revolutionists; we keep watch on them and know all their goings on. But there are a few peculiar men among them who believe in God and are Christians, but at the same time are socialists. These are the people we are most afraid of. They are dreadful people! The socialist who is a Christian is more to be dreaded than a socialist who is an atheist.’ The words struck me at the time, and now they have suddenly come back to me here, gentlemen.’

“先生们,请允许我讲一件小小的轶事,” 米乌索夫煞有介事地说道,带着一种特有的威严气派。“几年前,十二月政变后不久,我在巴黎碰巧去拜访一位在政府中极具影响力的人物,在他府上遇到了一位非常有趣的人。此人并非严格意义上的侦探,而是某种统率一整队政治密探的监督官--这在某种意义上也是一个相当有权的职位。出于好奇,我抓住机会与他交谈起来。因为他不是作为访客,而是作为带着特别报告的下属官员来的,而且他看到上司如何接待我,便屈尊在一定程度上对我开诚布公--当然,是在某种限度之内。与其说是开诚布公,不如说是彬彬有礼,就像法国人知道如何对外国人彬彬有礼那样。但我完全理解了他。话题是关于当时正遭受迫害的社会主义革命者。我只引述此人说的一句最为奇特的话。他说:‘我们并不特别害怕所有这些社会主义者、无政府主义者、不信教者和革命者;我们监视他们,知道他们的一举一动。但他们中间有少数特别的人,他们信奉上帝,是基督徒,但同时又是社会主义者。这些人才是我们最害怕的。他们是可怕的人!一个社会主义者若是个基督徒,比一个社会主义者若是无神论者更为可怕。’这些话当时就打动了我,而现在,先生们,它们突然在这里回到了我的脑海中。”

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anecdote /ˈænɪkdoʊt/
n. 轶事,趣闻
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impressively /ɪmˈpresɪvli/
adv. 令人印象深刻地,令人赞叹地
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majestic /məˈdʒestɪk/
adj. 雄伟的,威严的;壮丽的
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coup d’état /ˌkuː deɪˈtɑː/
n. 政变
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influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/
adj. 有影响力的;有权势的
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personage /ˈpɜːrsənɪdʒ/
n. 要人,名人,显贵
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individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/
n. 个人,个体
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precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/
adv. 精确地,准确地;恰好
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superintendent /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtendənt/
n. 主管,负责人;(大楼的)管理人
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regiment /ˈredʒɪmənt/
n. (军队的)团;大量,大批
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prompted /ˈprɒmptɪd/
v. 促使,引起;提示
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curiosity /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/
n. 好奇心;奇物
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seize /siːz/
v. 抓住,夺取;把握(机会)
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subordinate /səˈbɔːrdɪnət/
adj. 下级的,从属的
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reception /rɪˈsepʃn/
n. 接待,欢迎会;接收
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deigned /deɪnd/
v. 屈尊,俯就(常用于否定或疑问句,表示不情愿或傲慢)
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openness /ˈoʊpənnəs/
n. 坦率,公开;开放
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courteous /ˈkɜːrtiəs/
adj. 有礼貌的,谦恭的
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thoroughly /ˈθɜːrəli/
adv. 彻底地,完全地;仔细地
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socialist /ˈsoʊʃəlɪst/
adj./n. 社会主义的;社会主义者
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revolutionaries /ˌrevəˈluːʃəneriz/
n. 革命者
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persecuted /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːtɪd/
v. 迫害,残害
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quote /kwoʊt/
v. 引用,引述;报价
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curious /ˈkjʊriəs/
adj. 好奇的;奇特的
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remark /rɪˈmɑːrk/
n. 言论,评论
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dropped /drɑːpt/
v. 说出,无意中透露;放下
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anarchists /ˈænərkɪsts/
n. 无政府主义者
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infidels /ˈɪnfɪdəlz/
n. 异教徒,不信教者(贬义)
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revolutionists /ˌrevəˈluːʃənɪsts/
n. 革命者,革命家
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goings on /ˈɡoʊɪŋz ɒn/
n. 发生的事情,活动(尤指不寻常的)
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peculiar /pɪˈkjuːliər/
adj. 奇怪的,特殊的;独特的
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dreaded /ˈdredɪd/
v. 害怕,畏惧
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atheist /ˈeɪθiɪst/
n. 无神论者
🔊You apply them to us, and look upon us as socialists?’ Father Païssy asked directly, without beating about the bush.

“您是把这些话应用到我们身上,把我们看作社会主义者了?” 派西神父直截了当地问道,毫不拐弯抹角。

🔊
beating about the bush /ˈbiːtɪŋ əˌbaʊt ðə ˈbʊʃ/
phrase. 拐弯抹角,说话兜圈子

但彼得·亚历山德罗维奇还没来得及想好如何回答,门开了,那位期待已久、众人几乎已经不抱希望的客人--德米特里·费奥多罗维奇--走了进来。事实上,大家已经不再等他了,所以他的突然到来,一时之间引起了一些惊讶。

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appearance /əˈpɪərəns/
n. 出现;外貌,外表
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sudden /ˈsʌdn/
adj. 突然的,忽然的
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