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Chapter five: The Elders (第五章:长老)

探索《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》第5章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇及解释,以及英文原文音频。边听边提升阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 Some of my readers may imagine that my young man was a sickly, ecstatic, poorly developed creature, a pale, consumptive dreamer. On the contrary, Alyosha was at this time a well-grown, red-cheeked, clear-eyed lad of nineteen, radiant with health. He was very handsome, too, graceful, moderately tall, with hair of a dark brown, with a regular, rather long, oval-shaped face, and wide-set dark gray, shining eyes; he was very thoughtful, and apparently very serene. I shall be told, perhaps, that red cheeks are not incompatible with fanaticism and mysticism; but I fancy that Alyosha was more of a realist than any one. Oh! no doubt, in the monastery he fully believed in miracles, but, to my thinking, miracles are never a stumbling-block to the realist. It is not miracles that dispose realists to belief. The genuine realist, if he is an unbeliever, will always find strength and ability to disbelieve in the miraculous, and if he is confronted with a miracle as an irrefutable fact he would rather disbelieve his own senses than admit the fact. Even if he admits it, he admits it as a fact of nature till then unrecognized by him. Faith does not, in the realist, spring from the miracle but the miracle from faith. If the realist once believes, then he is bound by his very realism to admit the miraculous also. The Apostle Thomas said that he would not believe till he saw, but when he did see he said, "My Lord and my God!" Was it the miracle forced him to believe? Most likely not, but he believed solely because he desired to believe and possibly he fully believed in his secret heart even when he said, "I do not believe till I see."

我的某些读者或许会想象,我笔下的这位年轻人是个病恹恹、好激动、发育不良的家伙,一个苍白憔悴、沉溺幻想的梦想家。然而,恰恰相反,阿辽沙那时是个十九岁的少年,身材挺拔,脸颊红润,目光清澈,浑身洋溢着健康的光彩。他还生得十分俊美,体态优雅,中等偏高个子,长着一头深褐色头发,脸型是匀称的、稍长的椭圆形,一双分得很开的深灰色眼睛炯炯有神;他沉思默想,外表却显得异常平静。或许有人会对我说,红润的脸颊与狂热和神秘主义并非不能并存;但我以为阿辽沙比任何人都更接近一个现实主义者。哦!毫无疑问,在修道院里他完全相信奇迹,然而依我看来,奇迹从来不会成为现实主义者的绊脚石。并非奇迹促使现实主义者去信仰。一个真正的现实主义者,倘若他不信神,总能找到力量和能力去怀疑奇迹,倘若他面对一个无可辩驳的奇迹事实,他宁愿怀疑自己的感官也不愿承认这事实。即便他承认了,也只是将其视为一项他此前未曾认识的自然事实。在现实主义者身上,信仰并非源于奇迹,而是奇迹源于信仰。现实主义者一旦信了,那么单凭他的现实主义也迫使他不得不承认奇迹。使徒多马说,他非要亲眼见到才信,但当他真见到时,他说:“我的主,我的神!”难道是奇迹迫使他信的吗?很可能不是,他之所以信,完全是因为他想信,而且很可能就在他说“我非要亲眼见到才信”时,内心深处早已全然信服了。

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ecstatic /ɪkˈstætɪk/
adj. 狂喜的;出神的
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consumptive /kənˈsʌmptɪv/
adj. 消耗性的;肺结核的
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radiant /ˈreɪdiənt/
adj. 容光焕发的;辐射的
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incompatible /ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl/
adj. 不相容的;矛盾的
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fanaticism /fəˈnætɪsɪzəm/
n. 狂热;盲信
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mysticism /ˈmɪstɪsɪzəm/
n. 神秘主义;玄想
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realist /ˈriːəlɪst/
n. 现实主义者;务实的人
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stumbling-block /ˈstʌmblɪŋ blɒk/
n. 绊脚石;障碍
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irrefutable /ɪˈrefjʊtəbl/
adj. 无可辩驳的;不能否认的
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disbelieve /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːv/
v. 不信;怀疑
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miraculous /mɪˈrækjʊləs/
adj. 奇迹般的;不可思议的
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Apostle Thomas /əˈpɒsl ˈtɒməs/
n. 使徒托马斯(圣经人物)

或许有人会对我说,阿辽沙愚钝、不成熟、学业未竟等等。他确实没有完成学业,但若说他愚蠢或迟钝,那真是天大的不公。我只需重复上面说过的话。他走上这条道路,仅仅因为在那个时候,唯有这条路打动了他的想象,并向他呈现为一个理想的途径,使他的灵魂得以从黑暗走向光明。此外,他在某种程度上属于我们这个末代时期的青年--也就是说,天性诚实,渴求真理,寻找真理并信奉真理,渴望立即以灵魂的全部力量为之效力,追求即刻的行动,并准备为它牺牲一切,乃至生命本身。虽然这些青年不幸未能理解,生命的牺牲在许多情况下是所有牺牲中最容易的一种,而牺牲--例如--五六年沸腾的青春时光去从事艰苦而乏味的学习,只为了将服务于真理和他们视为目标的事业的力量增强十倍--这样的牺牲却是他们许多人完全无力承受的。

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undeveloped /ˌʌndɪˈveləpt/
adj. 未开发的;不发达的
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injustice /ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/
n. 不公正;非正义
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epoch /ˈiːpɒk/
n. 时代;纪元
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desiring /dɪˈzaɪərɪŋ/
v. 渴望;希望(desire的现在分词)
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seething /ˈsiːðɪŋ/
adj. 沸腾的;激昂的
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tedious /ˈtiːdiəs/
adj. 冗长乏味的;沉闷的
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multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/
v. 乘;增加

阿辽沙选择的是一条相反的道路,但他选择时同样怀着对速成成就的渴望。一旦他认真思考,便确信上帝与灵魂不朽的存在,随即本能地对自己说:“我要为灵魂不朽而活,绝不接受任何妥协。”同样地,倘若他断定上帝与灵魂不朽并不存在,他立刻就会变成一个无神论者和社会主义者。因为社会主义不仅是劳工问题,首要的是无神论问题,是当今无神论所采取的形式问题,是那没有上帝而建的巴别塔问题--不是为了从地面升达天堂,而是为了把天堂建立在地上。阿辽沙会觉得像从前那样生活下去是奇怪且不可能的。经上写道:“你若愿意作完全人,可去变卖你所有的分给穷人,并来跟从我。”

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immortality /ˌɪmɔːˈtæləti/
n. 不朽;永生
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compromise /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/
n. 妥协;折中
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atheist /ˈeɪθiɪst/
n. 无神论者
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socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/
n. 社会主义者
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atheistic /ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk/
adj. 无神论的;不信神的
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Babel /ˈbeɪbl/
n. 巴别塔(圣经中通天塔);混乱嘈杂

阿辽沙对自己说:“我不能用两个卢布代替‘所有’,只去做弥撒代替‘跟从他’。”或许是儿时的记忆唤起了他对我们修道院的回想--他母亲可能曾带他去那里做礼拜。也许那斜射的阳光和那尊圣像--他那可怜的“疯癫”母亲曾将他举到圣像前--依然影响着他的想象。他思忖着这些事来到我们这里,或许只是想看看在这里他能否牺牲一切,还是仅仅“两个卢布”,而在修道院里,他遇见了这位长老。我必须暂且离题解释一下俄国修道院里的“长老”是什么,遗憾的是,我感到自己并非十分胜任此事。不过,我还是想用几句话粗浅地描述一番。

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roubles /ˈruːblz/
n. 卢布(俄罗斯货币单位)
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mass /mæs/
n. 弥撒(天主教仪式);大量
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slanting /ˈslɑːntɪŋ/
adj. 倾斜的;斜向的
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brooding /ˈbruːdɪŋ/
adj. 沉思的;忧思的
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digress /daɪˈɡres/
v. 离题;岔开
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superficial /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃl/
adj. 表面的;肤浅的

这方面的权威人士断言,“长老”制度在俄国修道院里历史不长,至多不过百年,尽管在东正教东方,尤其是在西奈山与阿索斯山,它已存在千年以上。据称古代俄国也曾有过,但历经俄国遭遇的种种灾祸--鞑靼人入侵、内战、君士坦丁堡陷落后与东方关系的断绝--这一制度逐渐被人遗忘。它在十八世纪末由一位被称为“苦修者”的伟大修士派西·韦利奇科夫斯基及其弟子复兴。但时至今日,它仅存在于少数修道院中,在俄国有时几乎被视为一种创新而受到迫害。它在著名的科泽利斯克奥普京修道院尤为兴盛。至于它何时以及如何引入我们的修道院,我不得而知。此前已有三位这样的长老,而佐西马是最后一位。但他几乎因虚弱和疾病而奄奄一息,无人能替代他。这对我们的修道院而言是个至关重要的问题,因为此前它并无特别引人注目之处:既无圣徒遗骨,也无显灵圣像,更无辉煌传统或历史功绩。它之所以能繁荣并享誉全俄,全凭长老们--成千上万的朝圣者从四面八方千里迢迢赶来,只为见他们一面,听他们一言。

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Authorities /ɔːˈθɒrətiːz/
n. 当局;权威人士
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institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/
n. 机构;制度
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orthodox /ˈɔːθədɒks/
adj. 正统的;传统的
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calamities /kəˈlæmətiːz/
n. 灾难;不幸事件
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Tartars /ˈtɑːtəz/
n. 鞑靼人(历史上欧亚大陆的游牧民族)
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Constantinople /ˌkɒnstæntɪˈnəʊpl/
n. 君士坦丁堡(伊斯坦布尔的旧称)
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oblivion /əˈblɪviən/
n. 遗忘;湮没
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ascetics /əˈsetɪks/
n. 苦行者;禁欲主义者
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innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/
n. 创新;革新
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flourished /ˈflʌrɪʃt/
v. 繁荣;兴旺(flourish的过去式)
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celebrated /ˈselɪbreɪtɪd/
adj. 著名的;驰名的
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relics /ˈrelɪks/
n. 遗物;遗迹
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wonder-working /ˈwʌndə ˌwɜːkɪŋ/
adj. 创造奇迹的;有奇效的
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ikons /ˈaɪkɒnz/
n. 圣像;图标(icon的变体拼写)
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pilgrims /ˈpɪlɡrɪmz/
n. 朝圣者;香客

这样的长老是什么呢?一位长老是将你的灵魂、你的意志纳入他的灵魂和意志之中。当你选择一位长老,你便放弃自己的意志,完全顺服地交托给他,彻底自我否定。这种见习期,这种可怕的否定自我之修行,是自愿承担的,以期克己制欲,从而在经过顺从的一生后,获得完全的自由--即摆脱自我;避免重蹈那些终其一生也未找到真实自我的人的覆辙。长老制度并非建立在理论上,而是基于东方千年实践确立的。对长老的义务并非俄国修道院中一贯存在的普通“顺从”。这义务包括所有顺服者向长老忏悔,以及他与他们之间牢不可破的纽带。

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novitiate /nəʊˈvɪʃiət/
n. 见习期;修道士见习期
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abnegation /ˌæbnɪˈɡeɪʃn/
n. 放弃;克己
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self-conquest /self ˈkɒŋkwest/
n. 自我征服;克己
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self-mastery /self ˈmɑːstəri/
n. 自我控制;自制
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obedience /əˈbiːdiəns/
n. 服从;顺从
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indissoluble /ˌɪndɪˈsɒljʊbl/
adj. 不可分解的;持久的

例如,有这样一个故事:在基督教早期,一位这样的见习修士未能完成长老交付的某项命令,便离开了他在叙利亚的修道院前往埃及。在那里,历经非凡的苦修后,他终于配得上为信仰承受折磨和殉道而死。当教会视他为圣徒,正要安葬他时,突然,在执事高呼“未受洗者,一概退出”之际,盛放着殉道者遗体的棺木离位而起,被抛出教堂之外,如此反复三次。直到最后,人们才得知这位圣人曾违背顺从誓言离开他的长老,因此,尽管他功德卓著,未经长老赦罪便无法获得宽恕。此后葬礼才得以举行。当然,这只是一个古老的传说。但这里还有一个近例。

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novice /ˈnɒvɪs/
n. 新手;初学者
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martyr /ˈmɑːtə/
n. 殉道者;烈士
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deacon /ˈdiːkən/
n. 执事;助祭(基督教神职人员)
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exhortation /ˌeɡzɔːˈteɪʃn/
n. 劝告;告诫
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absolution /ˌæbsəˈluːʃn/
n. 赦免;宽恕
🔊 A monk was suddenly commanded by his elder to quit Athos, which he loved as a sacred place and a haven of refuge, and to go first to Jerusalem to do homage to the Holy Places and then to go to the north to Siberia: "There is the place for thee and not here." The monk, overwhelmed with sorrow, went to the Œcumenical Patriarch at Constantinople and besought him to release him from his obedience. But the Patriarch replied that not only was he unable to release him, but there was not and could not be on earth a power which could release him except the elder who had himself laid that duty upon him. In this way the elders are endowed in certain cases with unbounded and inexplicable authority. That is why in many of our monasteries the institution was at first resisted almost to persecution. Meantime the elders immediately began to be highly esteemed among the people. Masses of the ignorant people as well as men of distinction flocked, for instance, to the elders of our monastery to confess their doubts, their sins, and their sufferings, and ask for counsel and admonition. Seeing this, the opponents of the elders declared that the sacrament of confession was being arbitrarily and frivolously degraded, though the continual opening of the heart to the elder by the monk or the layman had nothing of the character of the sacrament. In the end, however, the institution of elders has been retained and is becoming established in Russian monasteries. It is true, perhaps, that this instrument which had stood the test of a thousand years for the moral regeneration of a man from slavery to freedom and to moral perfectibility may be a two-edged weapon and it may lead some not to humility and complete self-control but to the most Satanic pride, that is, to bondage and not to freedom.

一位修士突然被他的长老命令离开他所钟爱的圣地与避难所阿索斯山,先去耶路撒冷朝拜圣地,然后北上前往西伯利亚:“那里才是你的归宿,而非此地。”那位修士悲痛欲绝,前往君士坦丁堡拜见普世牧首,恳求解除他的顺从义务。但牧首答道,他不仅无法解除,而且世上除了一开始便将此责任加诸于他的那位长老外,没有任何权力能够解除。如此,长老们在某些情况下被赋予了无限且难以解释的权威。正因如此,在我们许多修道院中,这一制度起初几乎遭到抵制乃至迫害。与此同时,长老们在民间却立刻备受尊崇。例如,大批无知民众以及显赫人士涌向我们修道院的长老们,倾诉他们的疑惑、罪孽和苦难,寻求劝诫与开导。见此情形,长老制度的反对者宣称忏悔圣事正被任意而轻率地贬损,尽管修士或平信徒持续向长老敞开心扉之举并无圣事的性质。然而最终,长老制度在俄国修道院中得以保留并逐渐确立。诚然,这种历经千年考验、旨在使人从奴役走向自由和道德完善的工具,或许是一把双刃剑,它可能引导一些人并非走向谦卑和完全的自制,而是走向最撒旦式的骄傲--即束缚而非自由。

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besought /bɪˈsɔːt/
v. 恳求;请求(beseech的过去式)
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Œcumenical Patriarch /ˌiːkjʊˈmenɪkəl ˈpeɪtriɑːk/
n. 普世牧首(东正教最高领袖)
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unbounded /ʌnˈbaʊndɪd/
adj. 无限的;无拘束的
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inexplicable /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/
adj. 无法解释的;费解的
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resisted /rɪˈzɪstɪd/
v. 抵抗;抵制(resist的过去式)
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persecution /ˌpɜːsɪˈkjuːʃn/
n. 迫害;虐待
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esteemed /ɪˈstiːmd/
adj. 受尊敬的;受敬重的
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sacrament /ˈsækrəmənt/
n. 圣礼;圣事
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arbitrarily /ˈɑːbɪtrərəli/
adv. 武断地;任意地
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frivolously /ˈfrɪvələsli/
adv. 轻浮地;无聊地
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regeneration /rɪˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/
n. 再生;复兴
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perfectibility /pəˌfektɪˈbɪləti/
n. 可完善性;完美性
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Satanic /səˈtænɪk/
adj. 撒旦的;邪恶的

长老佐西马时年六十五岁。他出身地主家庭,年轻时曾参军,在高加索担任军官。毫无疑问,他以灵魂的某种独特品质给阿辽沙留下了深刻印象。阿辽沙住在长老的修室里,长老十分喜爱他,允许他随侍左右。必须指出,阿辽沙并不受任何义务约束,可以随心所欲去任何地方,甚至整天外出。尽管他穿着修士服,却是出于自愿,并非为了与众不同。无疑他喜欢这样。或许他年轻的想象力被长老的威望和名声深深触动。据说多年来有如此多人前来向佐西马神父忏悔罪过,祈求他的忠言与治愈,以致他练就了最敏锐的直觉,能从一张陌生面孔上看出新来者的需求及其良心上背负的痛苦。有时他甚至在他们开口前便知晓他们的秘密,令访客惊愕乃至惶恐。

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landowners /ˈlændəʊnəz/
n. 地主;土地所有者
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Caucasus /ˈkɔːkəsəs/
n. 高加索地区(欧亚交界处)
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intuition /ˌɪntjuˈɪʃn/
n. 直觉;直观
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astounded /əˈstaʊndɪd/
adj. 震惊的;惊愕的
🔊 Alyosha noticed that many, almost all, went in to the elder for the first time with apprehension and uneasiness, but came out with bright and happy faces. Alyosha was particularly struck by the fact that Father Zossima was not at all stern. On the contrary, he was always almost gay. The monks used to say that he was more drawn to those who were more sinful, and the greater the sinner the more he loved him. There were, no doubt, up to the end of his life, among the monks some who hated and envied him, but they were few in number and they were silent, though among them were some of great dignity in the monastery, one, for instance, of the older monks distinguished for his strict keeping of fasts and vows of silence. But the majority were on Father Zossimas side and very many of them loved him with all their hearts, warmly and sincerely. Some were almost fanatically devoted to him, and declared, though not quite aloud, that he was a saint, that there could be no doubt of it, and, seeing that his end was near, they anticipated miracles and great glory to the monastery in the immediate future from his relics. Alyosha had unquestioning faith in the miraculous power of the elder, just as he had unquestioning faith in the story of the coffin that flew out of the church. He saw many who came with sick children or relatives and besought the elder to lay hands on them and to pray over them, return shortly after-some the next day-and, falling in tears at the elders feet, thank him for healing their sick.

阿辽沙注意到,许多人--几乎是所有人--初次去见长老时都怀着忧虑和不安,出来时却容光焕发,喜形于色。阿辽沙尤为印象深刻的是,佐西马神父一点也不严厉。相反,他几乎总是兴致勃勃。修士们常说,他更倾向那些罪孽更深重的人,罪孽愈大,他爱之愈深。无疑,直到他生命的尽头,修士中仍有一些人憎恨并嫉妒他,但他们为数不多且保持沉默,尽管其中不乏修道院里德高望重者--例如一位以严守斋戒和静默誓言著称的年长修士。但大多数人站在佐西马神父一边,许多人心底里真挚而热忱地爱着他。一些人几乎狂热地效忠于他,并宣称--尽管不甚公开--他是一位圣徒,此事无可置疑,且鉴于他大限将近,他们预期奇迹即将出现,他的遗骨将在不久的将来为修道院带来巨大荣耀。阿辽沙对长老的神奇力量深信不疑,正如他毫不怀疑棺材飞出教堂的故事。他看见许多人带着患病的孩子或亲属前来,恳求长老为他们按手祈祷,不久后--有些人次日便回--跪倒在长老脚下泪流满面,感谢他治愈了病人。

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apprehension /ˌæprɪˈhenʃn/
n. 忧虑;担心
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uneasiness /ʌnˈiːzinəs/
n. 不安;不自在
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stern /stɜːn/
adj. 严厉的;严格的
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fanatically /fəˈnætɪkli/
adv. 狂热地;盲信地

他们究竟是真正痊愈了,还是仅仅在疾病自然进程中好转,对阿辽沙而言这不成问题,因为他完全相信导师的精神力量,并为他的名声和荣耀欢欣,仿佛那是他自己的胜利。当长老走出隐修所大门,来到那群特意从俄国各地赶来觐见长老、求他祝福的卑微朝圣者中间时,阿辽沙的心怦怦直跳,整个人容光焕发。他们俯伏在他面前,哭泣着,亲吻他的双脚,亲吻他站立的地面,哀嚎不已,女人们则把孩子举到他面前,领来被“魔鬼附体”的病人。长老对他们说话,念简短的祷文,祝福他们,然后遣散他们。近来他因病痛发作变得十分虚弱,有时甚至无法离开修室,朝圣者们便等上数日盼他出来。阿辽沙毫不惊讶他们为何如此爱戴他,为何仅仅见到他的面容便激动得俯身下拜、泪流满面。哦!他明白,对于被悲伤和劳苦--尤其是被永无休止的不公与罪孽(自己的和世人的)--磨蚀殆尽的俄国农民那卑微的灵魂而言,最大的需求和慰藉莫过于找到某个或某样神圣的事物去跪拜和敬仰。

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throbbed /θrɒbd/
v. 跳动;抽动(throb的过去式)
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beamed /biːmd/
v. 微笑;发光(beam的过去式)
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hermitage /ˈhɜːmɪtɪdʒ/
n. 隐居处;修道院
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possessed /pəˈzest/
adj. 着魔的;拥有的
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devils /ˈdevlz/
n. 魔鬼;恶魔

“我们中间有罪孽、不公和诱惑,但毕竟,在世上某个地方存在着神圣而崇高的人。他拥有真理;他知晓真理;所以真理并未在世间死去;所以总有一天它也会降临我们中间,并按照应许统治整个大地。”

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sin /sɪn/
n. 罪;罪恶
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temptation /tempˈteɪʃn/
n. 诱惑;引诱
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exalted /ɪɡˈzɔːltɪd/
adj. 崇高的;高位的

阿辽沙知道这正是百姓的感受乃至推理方式。他理解这一点,而对于长老佐西马便是这位圣徒和上帝真理的守护者--他对此的笃信毫不亚于那些哭泣的农民和向长老伸出病孩的妇女。阿辽沙比那里的任何人都更坚信长老死后将为修道院带来非凡荣耀,而且近来,一种深沉的内在狂喜之火在他心中愈燃愈烈。他丝毫没有因为这位长老作为孤例矗立在他面前而感到困扰。

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custodian /kʌˈstəʊdiən/
n. 保管人;监护人
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conviction /kənˈvɪkʃn/
n. 信念;定罪
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ecstasy /ˈekstəsi/
n. 狂喜;入迷

“没关系。他是神圣的。他心中怀着使众人更新的奥秘:那终将在世上建立真理的力量,届时所有人都将成为圣徒,彼此相爱,不再有贫富之分,不再有尊卑之别,所有人都如上帝的儿女,真正的基督王国将会降临。”这便是阿辽沙心中的梦想。

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renewal /rɪˈnjuːəl/
n. 更新;复兴
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humbled /ˈhʌmbld/
adj. 谦卑的;地位低下的
🔊 The arrival of his two brothers, whom he had not known till then, seemed to make a great impression on Alyosha. He more quickly made friends with his half-brother Dmitri (though he arrived later) than with his own brother Ivan. He was extremely interested in his brother Ivan, but when the latter had been two months in the town, though they had met fairly often, they were still not intimate. Alyosha was naturally silent, and he seemed to be expecting something, ashamed about something, while his brother Ivan, though Alyosha noticed at first that he looked long and curiously at him, seemed soon to have left off thinking of him. Alyosha noticed it with some embarrassment. He ascribed his brothers indifference at first to the disparity of their age and education. But he also wondered whether the absence of curiosity and sympathy in Ivan might be due to some other cause entirely unknown to him. He kept fancying that Ivan was absorbed in something-something inward and important-that he was striving towards some goal, perhaps very hard to attain, and that that was why he had no thought for him. Alyosha wondered, too, whether there was not some contempt on the part of the learned atheist for him-a foolish novice. He knew for certain that his brother was an atheist. He could not take offense at this contempt, if it existed; yet, with an uneasy embarrassment which he did not himself understand, he waited for his brother to come nearer to him. Dmitri used to speak of Ivan with the deepest respect and with a peculiar earnestness. From him Alyosha learnt all the details of the important affair which had of late formed such a close and remarkable bond between the two elder brothers. Dmitris enthusiastic references to Ivan were the more striking in Alyoshas eyes since Dmitri was, compared with Ivan, almost uneducated, and the two brothers were such a contrast in personality and character that it would be difficult to find two men more unlike.

他两位哥哥的到来--此前他从未见过他们--似乎给阿辽沙留下了深刻印象。他与同父异母的哥哥德米特里(尽管后者到得较晚)比与亲哥哥伊万更快熟络起来。他对伊万哥哥极感兴趣,但尽管后者在城里住了两个月,他们见面也相当频繁,却仍未亲近。阿辽沙天性沉默,似乎总在期待什么,又为某事感到羞愧,而伊万哥哥--尽管阿辽沙起初注意到他长久而好奇地打量自己--似乎很快就将他置之脑后。阿辽沙有些尴尬地察觉了这一点。起初他将哥哥的冷淡归因于年龄和教育的差距。但他也疑惑,伊万缺乏好奇和同情是否另有他全然不知的原因。他总觉得伊万专注于某件事--某种内在而重要的事--他正朝着某个目标努力,或许那目标极难达成,因此无暇顾及他。阿辽沙还思忖,那位博学的无神论者是否对他这个愚蠢的见习修士心存轻蔑。他确切知道哥哥是个无神论者。即便真有这种轻蔑,他也不会生气;然而,怀着一种连他自己也不明白的不安与窘迫,他等待着哥哥向他靠近。德米特里谈起伊万时总是满怀最深切的敬意,带着一种特别的恳切。从德米特里口中,阿辽沙得知了近来在这两位长老兄弟间形成紧密而特殊联系的那件重要事务的所有细节。德米特里对伊万的热烈推崇在阿辽沙眼中尤为引人注目,因为与伊万相比,德米特里几乎未受过教育,两兄弟的个性与品格对比如此鲜明,恐怕再难找出比他们更不相像的两个人了。

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half-brother /ˈhɑːf ˌbrʌðə/
n. 同父异母或同母异父的兄弟
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disparity /dɪˈspærəti/
n. 差异;不平等
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contempt /kənˈtempt/
n. 轻视;蔑视
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enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/
adj. 热情的;热心的
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uneducated /ʌnˈedʒʊkeɪtɪd/
adj. 未受教育的;无知的
🔊 It was at this time that the meeting, or, rather gathering of the members of this inharmonious family took place in the cell of the elder who had such an extraordinary influence on Alyosha. The pretext for this gathering was a false one. It was at this time that the discord between Dmitri and his father seemed at its acutest stage and their relations had become insufferably strained. Fyodor Pavlovitch seems to have been the first to suggest, apparently in joke, that they should all meet in Father Zossimas cell, and that, without appealing to his direct intervention, they might more decently come to an understanding under the conciliating influence of the elders presence. Dmitri, who had never seen the elder, naturally supposed that his father was trying to intimidate him, but, as he secretly blamed himself for his outbursts of temper with his father on several recent occasions, he accepted the challenge. It must be noted that he was not, like Ivan, staying with his father, but living apart at the other end of the town. It happened that Pyotr Alexandrovitch Miüsov, who was staying in the district at the time, caught eagerly at the idea. A Liberal of the forties and fifties, a freethinker and atheist, he may have been led on by boredom or the hope of frivolous diversion. He was suddenly seized with the desire to see the monastery and the holy man. As his lawsuit with the monastery still dragged on, he made it the pretext for seeing the Superior, in order to attempt to settle it amicably. A visitor coming with such laudable intentions might be received with more attention and consideration than if he came from simple curiosity. Influences from within the monastery were brought to bear on the elder, who of late had scarcely left his cell, and had been forced by illness to deny even his ordinary visitors. In the end he consented to see them, and the day was fixed.

就在此时,这个不和谐家庭的成员们在长老的修室里举行了会面--更确切地说是聚会--这位长老对阿辽沙有着非凡的影响。这次聚会的借口是虚假的。当时德米特里与父亲的争执似乎到了最尖锐的阶段,关系紧张得令人难以忍受。费尧多尔·巴甫洛维奇似乎是第一个提议--表面上像是开玩笑--他们应在佐西马神父的修室里碰面,这样无需直接求助于长老的干预,在长老的调和影响下,他们或许能更体面地达成谅解。德米特里从未见过长老,自然以为父亲是想恐吓他,但由于他暗自责备自己近来多次对父亲发脾气,便接受了这一挑战。必须指出,他并不像伊万那样与父亲同住,而是独自住在城另一头。当时恰好在当地的彼得·亚历山德罗维奇·米乌索夫热切地抓住了这个主意。这位四十年代的自由主义者、自由思想家和无神论者,或许是出于无聊或寻求浅薄消遣的期望。他突然心血来潮想看看修道院和那位圣人。由于他与修道院的诉讼仍在拖延,他便以此为借口去面见院长,试图友好解决。一位怀有如此可嘉意图的访客或许会比单纯出于好奇而来的人受到更多关注和礼遇。修道院内部的影响施加到了长老身上,长老近来几乎不出修室,因病甚至不得不拒绝平常的访客。最终他同意接见他们,并定下了日期。

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inharmonious /ˌɪnhɑːrˈməʊniəs/
adj. 不和谐的,不协调的
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extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːrdəneri/
adj. 非凡的,特别的
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pretext /ˈpriːtekst/
n. 借口,托词
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discord /ˈdɪskɔːrd/
n. 不和,纷争
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acutest /əˈkjuːtɪst/
adj. 最尖锐的,最剧烈的
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insufferably /ɪnˈsʌfrəbli/
adv. 令人难以忍受地,无法忍受地
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strained /streɪnd/
adj. 紧张的,关系恶化的
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apparently /əˈpærəntli/
adv. 显然地,似乎
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intervention /ˌɪntərˈvenʃn/
n. 干预,介入
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conciliating /kənˈsɪlieɪtɪŋ/
adj. 调解的,安抚的
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intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/
v. 恐吓,威胁
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outbursts /ˈaʊtbɜːrsts/
n. 爆发,迸发(尤指情绪)
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challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/
n. 挑战
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Liberal /ˈlɪbərəl/
n. 自由主义者(常指政治观点开放者)
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freethinker /ˈfriːθɪŋkər/
n. 自由思想者(尤指宗教上)
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frivolous /ˈfrɪvələs/
adj. 轻浮的,不严肃的
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diversion /daɪˈvɜːrʒn/
n. 消遣,娱乐;转移
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monastery /ˈmɑːnəsteri/
n. 修道院
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lawsuit /ˈlɔːsuːt/
n. 诉讼,官司
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dragged /dræɡd/
v. (drag的过去式). 拖延,拖拽
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amicably /ˈæmɪkəbli/
adv. 友好地,和睦地
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laudable /ˈlɔːdəbl/
adj. 值得称赞的,值得表扬的
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consideration /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/
n. 考虑,体谅
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curiosity /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/
n. 好奇心
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Influences /ˈɪnfluənsɪz/
n. 影响力,势力
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scarcely /ˈskersli/
adv. 几乎不,刚刚
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deny /dɪˈnaɪ/
v. 否认;拒绝
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consented /kənˈsentɪd/
v. (consent的过去式). 同意,应允
🔊 "Who has made me a judge over them?" was all he said, smilingly, to Alyosha.

“谁立我作他们的判官呢?”他只是微笑着对阿辽沙说了这么一句。

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smilingly /ˈsmaɪlɪŋli/
adv. 微笑着地,含笑地

阿辽沙听闻这次计划中的来访后心烦意乱。在所有争吵不休的来客中,唯有德米特里可能认真对待这次会面。其余人都出于轻浮的动机而来,或许会对长老构成侮辱。阿辽沙很清楚这一点。伊万和米乌索夫是出于好奇心而来,也许是最粗俗的那种,而他的父亲可能正盘算着某种滑稽戏码。尽管阿辽沙什么也没说,却完全理解父亲。我再说一遍,这少年远非众人以为的那般单纯。他怀着沉重的心情等待那一天。无疑,他心中一直在思索如何终结家庭不和。但他主要的忧虑关乎长老。他为长老担心,为他的荣耀担忧,生怕他受到任何冒犯,尤其是米乌索夫那种彬彬有礼的讥讽和伊万那种受过高等教育者的傲慢半语。他甚至想冒险警告长老,告诉他一些关于这些人的事,但转念一想,终究什么也没说。他只是在前一天通过一位朋友捎信给哥哥德米特里,说他爱他并期待他信守承诺。德米特里感到困惑,因为他记不起自己承诺过什么,但他回信说他会尽力克制自己不被“卑劣行径”激怒,不过,尽管他深深敬重长老和哥哥伊万,他确信这次会面要么是个陷阱,要么是场不体面的闹剧。

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perturbed /pərˈtɜːrbd/
adj. 感到不安的,心烦意乱的
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wrangling /ˈræŋɡlɪŋ/
n. 争吵,争论
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quarrelsome /ˈkwɔːrəlsəm/
adj. 好争吵的,爱吵架的
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coarsest /ˈkɔːrsɪst/
adj. 最粗俗的,最粗糙的
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contemplating /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪtɪŋ/
v. (contemplate的现在分词). 考虑,思量
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buffoonery /bəˈfuːnəri/
n. 滑稽可笑的言行,丑角表演
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thoroughly /ˈθɜːrəli/
adv. 彻底地,完全地
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pondering /ˈpɑːndərɪŋ/
v. (ponder的现在分词). 沉思,仔细考虑
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anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/
n. 焦虑,担心
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affront /əˈfrʌnt/
n. 侮辱,冒犯
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refined /rɪˈfaɪnd/
adj. 精致的,优雅的;精炼的
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courteous /ˈkɜːrtiəs/
adj. 有礼貌的,谦恭的
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irony /ˈaɪrəni/
n. 讽刺,反讽
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supercilious /ˌsuːpərˈsɪliəs/
adj. 高傲的,傲慢的
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half-utterances /ˈhæf ˈʌtərənsɪz/
n. 半句话,未说完的话
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venture /ˈventʃər/
v. 冒险,敢于
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vileness /ˈvaɪlnəs/
n. 卑劣,邪恶
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convinced /kənˈvɪnst/
adj. 确信的,信服的
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trap /træp/
n. 陷阱,圈套
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unworthy /ʌnˈwɜːrði/
adj. 不值得的,不配的;低劣的
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farce /fɑːrs/
n. 闹剧,滑稽戏

“尽管如此,我宁愿咬断自己的舌头,也绝不对你如此崇敬的圣人有丝毫失敬,”他在信末写道。这封信并未让阿辽沙振作多少。

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sainted /ˈseɪntɪd/
adj. 神圣的,被奉为圣人的
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reverence /ˈrevərəns/
n. 崇敬,敬畏
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cheered /tʃɪrd/
adj. 振奋的,高兴的
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