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Chapter three (第三章)

探索《动物农场》第3章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇及解释,以及英文原文音频。边听边提升阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 How they toiled and sweated to get the hay in! But their efforts were rewarded, for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped. Sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals, and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty. As for the horses, they knew every inch of the field, and in fact understood the business of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done. The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. Boxer and Clover would harness themselves to the cutter or the horse-rake (no bits or reins were needed in these days, of course) and tramp steadily round and round the field with a pig walking behind and calling out "Gee up, comrade!" or "Whoa back, comrade!" as the case might be. And every animal down to the humblest worked at turning the hay and gathering it. Even the ducks and hens toiled to and fro all day in the sun, carrying tiny wisps of hay in their beaks. In the end they finished the harvest in two days' less time than it had usually taken Jones and his men. Moreover, it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen. There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk. And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful. All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not doled out to them by a grudging master. With the worthless parasitical human beings gone, there was more for everyone to eat. There was more leisure too, inexperienced though the animals were. They met with many difficulties-for instance, later in the year, when they harvested the corn, they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath, since the farm possessed no threshing machine-but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. Boxer was the admiration of everybody. He had been a hard worker even in Jones's time, but now he seemed more like three horses than one; there were days when the entire work of the farm seemed to rest upon his mighty shoulders. From morning to night he was pushing and pulling, always at the spot where the work was hardest. He had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed, before the regular day's work began. His answer to every problem, every setback, was "I will work harder!"-which he had adopted as his personal motto.

他们为了收干草,是何等辛劳流汗啊!但努力终有回报,收成比他们希望的还要丰硕。有时活儿很艰巨;农具本是为人设计,而非动物所用,而任何动物都无法使用需要后腿站立的工具,这成了一个大难题。但猪聪明绝顶,总能想出办法解决每个困难。至于马儿,他们对田地了如指掌,事实上,对割草耙草这些活计的精通,远胜琼斯和他的雇工。猪并不实际劳作,只是指挥监督其他动物。它们学识渊博,顺理成章地担当起了领导职责。拳击手和苜蓿会自己套上割草机或马拉耙子(当然,如今已无需嚼子缰绳),踏着坚实的步子,一圈又一圈地在田里转,后面跟着一头猪,视情况高喊“驾,同志!”或“吁,同志!”。就连最卑微的动物也都在翻晒收集干草。就连鸭子和母鸡也整日在阳光下奔波往返,用喙叼着细小的草缕。最终,他们完成收获的时间比琼斯和他的雇工往常所用还少了两天。不仅如此,这还是农场有史以来最大的一次丰收。没有丝毫浪费;母鸡和鸭子眼尖,连最后一根草茎都拾掇干净。农场里没有一只动物偷吃过哪怕一口。整个夏天,农场工作都如钟表般精准运转。动物们快乐无比,这是他们从未想象过的。每一口食物都带来真切的愉悦,因为如今这食物真正属于他们自己,由他们自己生产,也为自己而生产,不再是吝啬主人施舍的嗟来之食。那些无用寄生的人类离去后,每个动物都能吃到更多。闲暇时光也多了,尽管动物们还不惯享受。他们遇到了许多困难--例如,那年晚些时候收割谷物时,不得不以古老方式用蹄子脱粒,再用气息吹去谷壳,因为农场没有脱粒机--但猪靠聪明,拳击手凭蛮力,总能帮大家渡过难关。拳击手是众所钦佩的对象。即使在琼斯时代,他就是个勤劳的工人,但现在他更像三匹马而非一匹;有些日子里,农场的全部工作仿佛都落在他那雄健的肩膀上。从早到晚,他推拉不息,总出现在活儿最重的地方。他与一只小公鸡约定,每天早晨提前半小时叫他起床,在常规劳作开始前,他还会主动去干那些最急需人手的活儿。他对每个问题、每次挫折的回答都是“我要更努力工作!”--这已成了他的个人格言。

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implements /ˈɪmplɪments/
n. 工具;器械
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drawback /ˈdrɔːbæk/
n. 缺点;障碍
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supervised /ˈsuːpəvaɪzd/
v. 监督;管理
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harness /ˈhɑːrnɪs/
v. 套上马具;利用
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humblest /ˈhʌmblɪst/
adj. 最卑微的;最谦逊的
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wisps /wɪsps/
n. 小束;缕
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wastage /ˈweɪstɪdʒ/
n. 浪费;损耗
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stalk /stɔːk/
n. 茎;秆
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conceived /kənˈsiːvd/
v. 设想;构思
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acute /əˈkjuːt/
adj. 剧烈的;敏锐的
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parasitical /ˌpærəˈsɪtɪkəl/
adj. 寄生的;剥削的
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leisure /ˈleʒər/
n. 闲暇;空闲
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inexperienced /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriənst/
adj. 无经验的;不熟练的
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tread /tred/
v. 踩踏;行走
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chaff /tʃæf/
n. 谷壳;糠
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threshing /ˈθreʃɪŋ/
n. 脱粒;打谷
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tremendous /trəˈmendəs/
adj. 巨大的;极好的
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admiration /ˌædməˈreɪʃn/
n. 钦佩;赞赏
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motto /ˈmɒtəʊ/
n. 座右铭;格言

但每个动物都各尽所能。例如,母鸡和鸭子在收获时捡拾散落的谷粒,省下了五蒲式耳谷物。没有谁偷窃,没有谁抱怨口粮,昔日生活中那些司空见惯的争吵、撕咬和嫉妒几乎消失殆尽。没有谁偷懒--或者说几乎没有。莫丽确实不擅长早起,还总以蹄子里有石头为由早早溜走。那只猫的行为则有些蹊跷。大家很快发觉,每当有活要干时,就绝对找不到猫的影子。她会一连消失好几个小时,然后在饭点或晚上收工后重新出现,仿佛什么都没发生过。但她总能编出极好的借口,还亲昵地咕噜咕噜叫,让人无法不相信她的善意。老驴本杰明自“起义”以来似乎毫无变化。他干活还是像琼斯时代那样迟缓而固执,既不偷懒,也不主动承担额外工作。关于“起义”及其结果,他不置一词。当被问及琼斯走后他是否更快乐时,他只说:“驴子能活很久。你们谁也没见过死驴。”其他动物只好满足于这神秘莫测的回答。

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capacity /kəˈpæsəti/
n. 能力;容量
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bushels /ˈbʊʃlz/
n. 蒲式耳(容量单位)
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stray /streɪ/
adj. 散落的;迷路的
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grumbled /ˈɡrʌmbld/
v. 抱怨;发牢骚
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rations /ˈræʃənz/
n. 配给量;口粮
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shirked /ʃɜːrkt/
v. 逃避;推卸
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obstinate /ˈɒbstɪnət/
adj. 固执的;顽固的
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cryptic /ˈkrɪptɪk/
adj. 神秘的;难以理解的
🔊 On Sundays there was no work. Breakfast was an hour later than usual, and after breakfast there was a ceremony which was observed every week without fail. First came the hoisting of the flag. Snowball had found in the harness-room an old green tablecloth of Mrs. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white. This was run up the flagstaff in the farmhouse garden every Sunday morning. The flag was green, Snowball explained, to represent the green fields of England, while the hoof and horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown. After the hoisting of the flag all the animals trooped into the big barn for a general assembly which was known as the Meeting. Here the work of the coming week was planned out and resolutions were put forward and debated. It was always the pigs who put forward the resolutions. The other animals understood how to vote, but could never think of any resolutions of their own. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted on to oppose it. Even when it was resolved-a thing no one could object to in itself-to set aside the small paddock behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work, there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal. The Meeting always ended with the singing of Beasts of England, and the afternoon was given up to recreation.

星期日不工作。早餐比平常晚一小时,餐后有一个每周雷打不动的仪式。首先是升旗。雪球在马具房里找到了琼斯太太的一块旧绿桌布,在上面用白色画了一只蹄子和一只角。每个星期天早晨,这面旗子就在农舍花园的旗杆上升起。雪球解释说,旗子是绿色的,代表英格兰的绿色田野,而蹄子和角则象征着人类最终被推翻后将崛起的“动物共和国”。升旗后,所有动物鱼贯进入大谷仓,参加被称为“大会”的全体集会。在这里,接下来一周的工作被规划出来,各种决议被提出并辩论。总是由猪来提出决议。其他动物懂得如何投票,但自己从来想不出任何决议。雪球和拿破仑无疑是辩论中最活跃的。但大家注意到,这两头猪的意见从未一致过:无论他们哪一个提出什么建议,另一个必定会反对。甚至当大家决定--这件事本身没人能反对--将果园后面的小围场留作年老力衰的动物养老之用时,关于每类动物的确切退休年龄还引发了一场激烈的辩论。大会总是在合唱英格兰的生灵中落幕,下午则是娱乐时间。

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hoisting /ˈhɔɪstɪŋ/
v. 升起;吊起
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flagstaff /ˈflæɡstɑːf/
n. 旗杆
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signified /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪd/
v. 表示;意味着
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overthrown /ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊn/
v. 推翻;打倒
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trooped /truːpt/
v. 成群结队地走
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resolutions /ˌrezəˈluːʃənz/
n. 决议;决定
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debated /dɪˈbeɪtɪd/
v. 辩论;讨论
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paddock /ˈpædək/
n. 围场;小牧场
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stormy /ˈstɔːmi/
adj. 激烈的;暴风雨的
🔊
recreation /ˌrekriˈeɪʃn/
n. 娱乐;消遣

猪们把马具房辟为自己的指挥部。晚上,他们就在这里研读从农舍带出的书籍,学习打铁、木工和其他必要技艺。雪球还忙着将其他动物组织成他所谓的“动物委员会”。他对这件事不遗余力。他为母鸡成立了“鸡蛋生产委员会”,为奶牛成立了“清洁尾巴联盟”,为驯化老鼠和兔子而成立了“野生同志再教育委员会”,为绵羊成立了“更白羊毛运动”,此外还开设了读写班。总体而言,这些计划都失败了。例如,驯化野生动物的尝试几乎立刻破产。它们依旧我行我素,而当受到慷慨对待时,它们干脆趁机占便宜。那只猫加入了再教育委员会,活跃了好几天。有一天大家看见她坐在屋顶上,和几只刚好在她够不着的地方的麻雀说话。她告诉麻雀们,现在所有动物都是同志了,任何麻雀只要愿意,都可以过来栖息在她的爪子上;但麻雀们还是保持着距离。

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headquarters /ˌhedˈkwɔːtəz/
n. 总部;司令部
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blacksmithing /ˈblæksmɪθɪŋ/
n. 铁匠工艺;锻铁
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carpentering /ˈkɑːpəntərɪŋ/
n. 木工工艺;木工活
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indefatigable /ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbl/
adj. 不知疲倦的;不屈不挠的
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committees /kəˈmɪtiz/
n. 委员会
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instituting /ˈɪnstɪtjuːtɪŋ/
v. 设立;建立
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tame /teɪm/
v. 驯服;制服
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generosity /ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/
n. 慷慨;大方
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sparrows /ˈspærəʊz/
n. 麻雀
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perch /pɜːtʃ/
v. 栖息;停留

然而,读写班却取得了巨大的成功。到了秋天,农场里几乎每只动物都或多或少地识字了。

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literate /ˈlɪtərət/
adj. 有读写能力的;有文化的

至于猪,他们早已能完美地阅读和书写。狗学习阅读相当不错,但对除了“七诫”之外的任何读物都兴趣寥寥。山羊穆丽尔的阅读能力比狗还要好些,有时晚上她会用从垃圾堆里捡来的报纸碎片念给其他动物听。本杰明的阅读能力和任何一头猪一样好,但他从不运用这种能力。据他所言,就他所知,没有什么东西值得一读。苜蓿学会了全部字母,但不会拼单词。拳击手连字母D都过不去。他会用大蹄子在尘土里描出A、B、C、D,然后便站定了,耳朵牵拉在脑后,凝视着那几个字母,有时还甩甩额毛,绞尽脑汁想记起下一个是什么,却从未成功。确实,有好几次他真的学会了E、F、G、H,但等到他认识这些字母时,却又总是发现他已经忘记了A、B、C和D。最后他决定满足于头四个字母,并且习惯每天写上一两次来加深记忆。莫丽除了拼写她自己名字的那六个字母外,拒绝学习任何别的字母。她会用小树枝非常工整地摆出这些字母,然后用一两朵花装饰起来,绕着它们走来走去,欣赏不已。

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Commandments /kəˈmɑːndmənts/
n. 诫命;戒律
🔊
faculty /ˈfæklti/
n. 能力;官能
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trace /treɪs/
v. 描绘;追踪
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forelock /ˈfɔːlɒk/
n. 额发;前发
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twig /twɪɡ/
n. 细枝;小枝
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decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/
v. 装饰;布置

农场里其他动物连字母A都过不去。大家还发现,像绵羊、母鸡和鸭子这些比较愚钝的动物,无法记住“七诫”。经过一番深思,雪球宣布,“七诫”实际上可以简化为一条准则,即:“四条腿好,两条腿坏。”他说,这条准则包含了动物主义的基本原则。谁彻底掌握了它,谁就能免受人类的影响。鸟类起初反对,因为这在他们看来似乎他们也有两条腿,但雪球向他们证明事实并非如此。

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maxim /ˈmæksɪm/
n. 格言;准则
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essential /ɪˈsenʃl/
adj. 基本的;必不可少的

“鸟类的翅膀,同志们,”他说,“是用于推进的器官,而不是像手那样用于抓握操作的器官。因此,它应该被视为一条腿。人类的标志是手,那正是他制造所有灾祸的工具。”

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propulsion /prəˈpʌlʃn/
n. 推进;推动力
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manipulation /məˌnɪpjuˈleɪʃn/
n. 操纵;控制
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distinguishing /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪŋ/
adj. 区别的;显著的

鸟儿们听不懂雪球的长篇大论,但他们接受了他的解释,所有卑微的动物都开始努力背诵这条新准则。“四条腿好,两条腿坏”被题写在谷仓一端的墙上,位于“七诫”的上方,字体也更大。一旦记熟了,绵羊们便对这条准则着了迷,他们躺在田地里时,常常会齐声咩咩叫起来:“四条腿好,两条腿坏!四条腿好,两条腿坏!”并且能一连叫上好几个小时,从不厌倦。

🔊
inscribed /ɪnˈskraɪbd/
v. 铭刻;题写
🔊
bleating /ˈbliːtɪŋ/
v. 咩咩叫

拿破仑对雪球的委员会不感兴趣。他说,对年轻一代的教育比对成年动物做的任何事都更重要。恰好在干草收获后不久,杰西和蓝铃都产了崽,一共生下了九只健壮的小狗。它们一断奶,拿破仑就把它们从母亲身边带走了,说他将亲自负责它们的教育。他把小狗带到一个阁楼上,那阁楼只能通过马具房里的一架梯子上去,并把它们关在那里,与世隔绝,以至于农场里的其他动物很快就忘记了它们的存在。

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whelped /welpt/
v. 产仔(尤指狗)
🔊
sturdy /ˈstɜːdi/
adj. 健壮的;结实的
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weaned /wiːnd/
v. 使断奶;使戒掉
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seclusion /sɪˈkluːʒn/
n. 隔离;隐居
🔊 The mystery of where the milk went to was soon cleared up. It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash. The early apples were now ripening, and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. The animals had assumed as a matter of course that these would be shared out equally; one day, however, the order went forth that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs. At this some of the other animals murmured, but it was no use. All the pigs were in full agreement on this point, even Snowball and Napoleon. Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others. "Comrades!" he cried. "You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organisation of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back! Surely, comrades," cried Squealer almost pleadingly, skipping from side to side and whisking his tail, "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?"

牛奶去向之谜很快就解开了。原来每天都掺进了猪食里。这时,头一茬苹果眼看就要熟了,果园的草地上落满了被风吹落的果实。动物们理所当然地以为这些苹果会平均分配;然而有一天,命令下来了,所有被风吹落的苹果都要收集起来,送到马具房给猪享用。对此,有些动物发出了嘀咕声,但无济于事。所有猪在这点上完全一致,连雪球和拿破仑也不例外。尖嗓子被派去向其他动物做必要的解释。“同志们!”他喊道。“我希望你们不会认为,我们猪这样做是出于自私和特权吧?我们中很多猪其实并不喜欢牛奶和苹果。我自己就讨厌它们。我们拿这些东西的唯一目的是保持健康。牛奶和苹果(同志们,这是科学证明了的)含有对猪的健康绝对必要的物质。我们猪是脑力劳动者。整个农场的经营和组织都依靠我们。我们日日夜夜守护着你们的福利。正是为了你们,我们才喝那些牛奶,吃那些苹果。你们知道如果我们猪失职了会发生什么吗?琼斯会回来!是的,琼斯会回来!当然了,同志们,”尖嗓子几乎是恳求般地喊道,一边左右跳跃,一边摇晃着他的尾巴,“你们中间肯定没有人愿意看到琼斯回来吧?”

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mash /mæʃ/
n. 糊状食物;麦芽浆
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windfalls /ˈwɪndfɔːlz/
n. 落果;意外之财
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murmured /ˈmɜːrmərd/
v. 低声说;咕哝
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privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/
n. 特权;优惠
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substances /ˈsʌbstənsɪz/
n. 物质;实质
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well-being /ˈwel ˈbiːɪŋ/
n. 福祉;健康
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brainworkers /ˈbreɪnwɜːrkərz/
n. 脑力劳动者
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pleadingly /ˈpliːdɪŋli/
adv. 恳求地;哀求地
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skipping /ˈskɪpɪŋ/
v. 跳跃;跳过
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whisking /ˈwɪskɪŋ/
v. 挥动;搅拌

如果说有一件事动物们完全确定的话,那就是他们绝不希望琼斯回来。当事情从这个角度被提出来时,他们便无话可说了。让猪保持健康的重要性再明显不过了。于是,大家没有进一步争论就同意了,牛奶和被风吹落的苹果(以及将来苹果成熟后的主要收成)都应专供猪享用。

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argument /ˈɑːɡjumənt/
n. 争论;论点
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