Reading.help: Mataimakin Karatu Mai Hikima Wanda Ya Amfana da LLM ga Masu Koyon Turanci a matsayin Harshen Waje

1. Gabatarwa

Turanci ya mamaye sadarwar ilimi, sana'a, da zamantakewa a duniya, amma miliyoyin masu karatu waɗanda Turanci ke matsayin Harshen Waje (EFL) suna fuskantar wahalar fahimta. Albarkatun gargajiya kamar ilimi na yau da kullun ko kayan aikin fassarar cikakken rubutu (misali, Google Translate) galibi ba su da sauƙin isa, suna da tsada, ko kuma ba su da amfani ga koyo. Reading.help yana magance wannan gibi ta hanyar gabatar da mataimakin karatu mai hikima wanda ke amfani da Sarrafa Harshe na Halitta (NLP) da Manyan Samfuran Harshe (LLMs) don ba da bayani mai zurfi da kuma na bukata game da nahawu da ma'ana, da nufin haɓaka ƙwarewar karatu mai zaman kanta tsakanin masu koyon EFL masu ƙwarewar matakin jami'a.

2. Tsarin Tsari & Hanyoyin Aiki

2.1. Tsarin Mu'amalar Reading.help

An tsara tsarin mu'amala (Hoto na 1) don bayyanawa da amfani. Abubuwan mahimmanci sun haɗa da: (A) Taƙaitaccen abubuwan ciki, (B) Matakan taƙaitawa masu daidaitawa (taƙaitacce/cikakke), (C) Kayan aikin tallafi na mahallin da zaɓin rubutu ya kunna, (D) Menu na kayan aiki wanda ke ba da taimako na Kalmar Ƙamus, Fahimta, da Nahawu, (E) Gano abubuwa masu wahala a kowane sakin layi da gangan, (F) Bayanin ƙamus tare da ma'anoni da mahallin, (G) Hanyar tabbatarwa ta LLM biyu don ingancin bayani, da (H) Haske na gani wanda ke haɗa shawarwari zuwa ainihin rubutun.

2.2. Tsarukan Tsakiya: Gano & Bayani

An gina tsarin akan tsaruka na musamman guda biyu:

• Tsarin Gano: Yana gano kalmomi, jimloli, da tsarin nahawu masu yuwuwar wahala ga masu karatun EFL ta hanyar haɗa dabaru na tushen ƙa'ida (misali, ƙarancin yawan amfani da ƙamus, tsayin jimla mai rikitarwa) da ƙirar jijiyoyi da aka daidaita.
• Tsarin Bayani: Yana samar da bayani don ƙamus, nahawu, da mahallin gabaɗaya. Yana amfani da LLM (kamar GPT-4) wanda aka yi masa umarni na musamman don bayanin matakin EFL, yana tabbatar da bayyanawa da ƙimar koyarwa.

2.3. Hanyar Tabbatar da LLM

Wani sabon abu mai mahimmanci shine tsarin tabbatarwa na LLM biyu. LLM na farko yana samar da bayani. LLM na biyu, daban, yana aiki a matsayin mai tabbatarwa, yana kimanta sakamakon LLM na farko don daidaiton gaskiya, dacewa, da dacewa ga matakin EFL da aka yi niyya. Wannan tsari, wanda aka yi wahayi daga dabarun kamar daidaiton kai da tabbatar da sarkar tunani da ake gani a cikin binciken AI mai ci gaba, yana nufin rage ruɗani da haɓaka amincin—wanda ke damun gama gari a aikace-aikacen ilimi na LLMs.

3. Nazarin Misali & Kimantawa

3.1. Nazari tare da Masu Karatun EFL na Koriya ta Kudu

Ci gaban ya bi tsarin ƙira mai mayar da hankali ga ɗan adam. An gwada samfurin farko tare da masu karatun EFL 15 na Koriya ta Kudu. Ra'ayi ya mayar da hankali kan amfani da tsarin mu'amala, bayyanawar bayani, da kuma taimakon shawarwari na gangan da ake ganin yana da amfani. Wannan ra'ayi ya ba da umarni kai tsaye ga bita da ke kaiwa ga tsarin Reading.help na ƙarshe.

3.2. Sakamako & Ra'ayin Masu Amfani

An gudanar da kimantawa na ƙarshe tare da masu karatun EFL 5 da ƙwararrun ilimin EFL 2. Binciken ingancin ya nuna cewa:

• Masu amfani sun yaba da bayanin na bukata don takamaiman abubuwa masu ruɗani.
• Haske na gangan ya taimaka wajen jawo hankali ga wuraren da ke da yuwuwar wahala kafin ruɗani ya taso.
• Mahalarta sun ba da rahoton ƙarin kwarin gwiwa wajen rarrabe jimloli masu rikitarwa su kaɗai.
• Ƙwararru sun ga yuwuwar kayan aikin a matsayin taimakon koyo na ƙari a waje da aji.

Nazarin ya ƙarasa da cewa Reading.help zai iya taimakawa wajen cike gibin lokacin da samun damar masu koyarwa na ɗan adam ya yi ƙanƙanta.

4. Aiwatar da Fasaha

4.1. Tsarin NLP & LLM

Tsarin yana amfani da tsarin bututun. An fara sarrafa rubutun ta hanyar tsarin gano, wanda ke amfani da siffofi kamar:

• Yawan kalma (misali, a kan Ƙungiyar Rubutun Turanci na Zamani na Amurka).
• Zurfin bishiyar rarrabe nahawu.
• Kasancewar maganganun ƙamus ko nassoshi na al'adu.

Sannan an mika sassan rubutu da aka yi wa lakabi zuwa tsarin bayani, wanda LLM da aka ƙera umarni ke iko da shi. Umurnin ya haɗa da mahallin (sakin layi da ke kewaye), ɓangaren da aka yi niyya, da umarni don samar da bayani wanda ya dace da wanda ba ɗan asalin ba wanda ya yi karatu a jami'a.

4.2. Tsarin Lissafi don Ƙididdigar Wahala

Tsarin gano yana ba da maki wahala haɗaka $D_s$ ga ɓangaren rubutu $s$ (misali, jimla ko jumla). Wannan maki shine jimlar ƙima mai nauyi na ƙimar siffa da aka daidaita: $$D_s = \sum_{i=1}^{n} w_i \cdot f_i(s)$$ Ina:

• $f_i(s)$ shine ƙimar da aka daidaita (tsakanin 0 da 1) na siffa $i$ don ɓangare $s$ (misali, madaidaicin mita takardu (IDF) don ƙarancin ƙamus, zurfin bishiyar rarrabe).
• $w_i$ shine nauyin da aka koya don siffa $i$, yana nuna muhimmancinsa wajen hasashen wahalar mai karatun EFL, mai yuwuwar an samo shi daga bayanan nazarin masu amfani.
• $n$ shine jimlar adadin siffofi.

Tsarin yana haskaka ɓangarorin da $D_s$ ya wuce ƙimar da aka daidaita da gangan.

5. Sakamako & Tattaunawa

5.1. Ma'auni Mafi Muhimmanci na Aiki

Yayin da takardar ta jaddada binciken ingancin, ma'auni na nasara da aka nuna sun haɗa da:

• Rage Duban Waje: Masu amfani sun dogara da ƙasa akan ƙamus daban ko ƙa'idodin fassara.
• Haɓaka Daidaiton Fahimta: An auna ta hanyar jarrabawar bayan karatu akan rubutun da aka taimaka da kayan aiki da waɗanda ba a taimaka ba.
• Gamsuwar Mai Amfani & Amfanin da Ake Ganin: Manyan ƙima a cikin takaddun tambayoyin bayan nazari.
• Daidaiton Tabbatar da Bayani: Kashi na cikin ɗari na bayanin da LLM ya samar wanda LLM na biyu mai tabbatarwa da/ko masu kimantawa na ɗan adam suka ɗauka "daidai kuma mai taimako."

5.2. Zane: Haɓaka Fahimta vs. Amfani da Kayan Aiki

Hoto na 2 (Ra'ayi): Makin Fahimta ta Sharadi. Zane mai sanduna wanda ke kwatanta matsakaitan makin fahimta a cikin sharuɗɗa uku: 1) Karatu ba tare da wani taimako ba (Tushe), 2) Karatu tare da mai fassarar cikakken rubutu, da 3) Karatu tare da Reading.help. Hasashen, wanda ra'ayin masu amfani ya goyi bayansa, shine cewa Reading.help zai haifar da maki da yawa sama da tushe kuma ya yi daidai da ko fiye da fassara, yayin da yake haɓaka zurfin shiga cikin rubutun Turanci maimakon ƙetare shi.

6. Tsarin Nazari & Misalin Hali

Tsari: Ana iya nazarin ingancin kayan aikin ta hanyar kallon Ka'idar Nauyin Fahimi. Yana nufin rage nauyin fahimi na waje (ƙoƙarin da ake kashewa don neman ma'anoni ko rarrabe nahawu) ta hanyar ba da bayani haɗaka, ta haka ne ya 'yantar da albarkatun hankali don nauyin fahimi mai dacewa (zurfin fahimta da koyo).

Misalin Hali (Babu Lamba): Ka yi la'akari da mai karatun EFL yana ci karo da wannan jimla a cikin labarin labarai: "Matsayin shahin bankin tsakiya, wanda aka yi niyya don rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, ya aika da raɗaɗi ta cikin kasuwar lamuni."

1. Gano: Tsarin yana haskaka "matsayin shahin," "rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki," da "ya aika da raɗaɗi" a matsayin masu yuwuwar ƙalubale (ƙarancin yawan amfani da ƙamus na kuɗi, jumla ta misali).
2. Bayanin Na Bukata (Mai amfani ya danna kan 'matsayin shahin'): Kayan aikin Kalmar Ƙamus ya bayyana: "A cikin tattalin arziki, 'shahin' yana kwatanta manufa mai mayar da hankali sosai kan sarrafa hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, ko da yana ɗaga ƙimar riba. 'Matsayi' matsayi ne ko hali. Don haka, 'matsayin shahin' yana nufin bankin yana ɗaukar matsayi mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi akan hauhawar farashin kayayyaki."
3. Taimakon Fahimta na Gangan: Kayan aikin Fahimta na sakin layi na iya taƙaita: "Wannan sakin layi yana bayyana cewa ayyukan bankin tsakiya na tashin hankali don yaƙi da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki suna haifar da tasiri a fili a cikin kasuwar lamuni."

Wannan tallafi haɗaka yana taimakawa wajen fassara ƙamus da misali ba tare da cire mai karatu daga ainihin mahallin Turanci ba.

7. Aikace-aikace na Gaba & Hanyoyin Bincike

• Keɓancewa: Daidaita gano wahala da zurfin bayani ga matakin ƙwarewar mai amfani da aka tabbatar da shi da tarihin koyo.
• Shigar da Nau'i-nau'i: Ƙara tallafi zuwa sauti (podcasts) da bidiyo (laccoci) tare da daidaita rubutu da bayani.
• Wasan Kwaikwayo & Bin Diddigin Koyo na Dogon Lokaci: Haɗa maimaitawa tazara don ƙamus da aka koya ta hanyar kayan aiki da bin diddigin ci gaba akan lokaci.
• Haɗin Harsuna Mafi Girma: Yin amfani da wannan tsari ɗaya don tallafawa masu karatun wasu manyan harsuna (misali, Sinanci, Sifen) a matsayin harshen waje.
• Haɗawa da Tsarin Gudanar da Koyo na Yau da Kullun (LMS): Zama kayan haɗi don dandamali kamar Moodle ko Canvas don taimaka wa ɗalibai tare da karatun darasi.
• AI Mai Bayyanawa Mai Ci Gaba (XAI): Sanya tunanin ƙirar gano ya zama mafi bayyanawa (misali, "An haskaka wannan jimla saboda yana ɗauke da ginin muryar m da jumlar suna mai ƙarancin yawan amfani").

8. Nassoshi

1. Chung, S., Jeon, H., Shin, S., & Hoque, M. N. (2025). Reading.help: Supporting EFL Readers with Proactive and On-Demand Explanation of English Grammar and Semantics. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.14031v2.
2. Vaswani, A., et al. (2017). Attention Is All You Need. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (NIPS 2017).
3. Brown, T., et al. (2020). Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33 (NeurIPS 2020).
4. Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257-285.
5. Google AI. (2023). Best practices for prompting and evaluating large language models. Retrieved from [Google AI Blog].
6. Nation, I. S. P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge University Press.

9. Nazarin Kwararru: Fahimta ta Tsakiya, Tsarin Ma'ana, Ƙarfi & Kurakurai, Fahimta Mai Aiki

Fahimta ta Tsakiya: Reading.help ba kawai wani abin rufewa na fassara ba ne; yana da niyya a cikin tsarin fahimi na karatu a cikin harshen waje. Ainihin sabon abunsa yana cikin tsarin taimako na haɗakar gangan/amshi tare da tsarin tabbatarwa don fitar da LLM. Wannan yana sanya shi ba a matsayin goyo (kamar cikakken fassara), amma a matsayin "tagulla na fahimi"—ra'ayi da ka'idar ilimi kamar Yankin Ci Gaba na Vygotsky ke goyon bayansa. Ya yarda cewa manufa ga ƙwararrun masu koyo ba kawai fahimtar wannan rubutun ba ne, amma gina ƙwarewar fahimtar na gaba su kaɗai.

Tsarin Ma'ana: Ma'anar takardar tana da inganci kuma tana mai da hankali ga masu aiki: 1) Gano kasuwa ta gaske, wacce ba a biya ba (manyan masu koyon EFL masu zaman kansu), 2) Gano gazawar maganganun da suke akwai (fassara tana haɓaka dogaro, ƙamus ba su da mahallin), 3) Gabatar da sabon tsarin fasaha (ganowa + bayani + tabbatarwa) yana magance waɗannan gazawar kai tsaye, 4) Tabbatarwa ta hanyar maimaitawa, gwaji mai mayar da hankali ga ɗan adam. Wannan misali ne na littafin koyarwa na binciken HCI da aka yi amfani da shi tare da ma'anar dacewar samfur-kasuwa.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai:

• Ƙarfi: Tabbatarwar LLM biyu dabarar aiki ce kuma wajibi a cikin yanayin AI na yau da ke da yuwuwar ruɗani. Mayar da hankali kan taimakon fahimta na matakin sakin layi, ba kawai neman kalma ba, yana da hikima ta koyarwa. Zaɓin mai amfani da aka yi niyya (matakin jami'a) yana da wayo—suna da tushen nahawu/ƙamus don amfana da mafi yawa daga tallafin ma'ana da nahawu.
• Kurakurai/Batutuwan da aka Tsallake: Kimantawa yana da hasara mai haɗari akan bayanan ƙididdiga, na dogon lokaci. Shin amfani da kayan aiki yana haɓaka ƙwarewar karatu na dogon lokaci a zahiri, ko kuma kawai fahimta nan take? Takardar ta yi shiru. "Tsarin gano" an kwatanta shi a matsayin "ƙirar jijiyoyi na musamman," amma tsarinsa, bayanan horo, da ma'auni na daidaito ba su da bayyanawa—babban alamar ja don amincin fasaha. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi watsi da yuwuwar son zuciya na sarrafa kai; masu amfani na iya karɓar bayanin LLM ba tare da sukar ba, musamman bayan mai tabbatarwa ya ba da jin daɗin aminci na ƙarya.

Fahimta Mai Aiki:

1. Ga Masu Bincike: Mataki na gaba dole ne ya zama nazari mai tsauri, mai sarrafawa na dogon lokaci wanda ke auna riƙewa da canja wurin ƙwarewa. Haka nan, buɗe tsarin ƙirar gano da kuma gwada shi da ma'aunin karantawa na yau da kullun (misali, Flesch-Kincaid) don kafa amincin fasaha.
2. Ga Masu Haɓaka Samfura: Wannan tsari yana cikin lokacin kasuwanci. Hanyar samfur nan take ya kamata ta mayar da hankali kan keɓancewa (babban abin da ya ɓace) da haɗin kai na burauza/PDF. Yi la'akari da tsarin kyauta tare da haske na asali da matakin farko tare da rarrabuwar nahawu mai ci gaba da bene na ƙamus na keɓance.
3. Ga Malamai: Gwada wannan kayan aiki a matsayin tilas na tallafi don ayyukan karatu mai zurfi a cikin darussan EFL na jami'a. Yi amfani da shi don samar da tattaunawa ta hanyar sa ɗalibai su kwatanta bayanin AI da hasashensu, suna mai da kayan aikin abokin muhawara maimakon mai annabci.

A ƙarshe, Reading.help yana gabatar da ƙa'idar ƙira mai jan hankali don tsara na gaba na taimakon koyon harshe. Ya gano iyakokin fassarar ƙarfi daidai kuma yana matsawa zuwa ga hikima mai taimako, mai zurfi. Duk da haka, shaidarsa ta yanzu ta fi nuni fiye da ƙarshe. Nasararsa ba za ta dogara da LLMs masu kyau ba, amma akan ingantaccen kimantawa, bayyananne da kuma sadaukarwa mai zurfi ga sakamakon koyo na dogon lokaci na masu amfani da shi.