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📕 rednote ID(小红书号)：3881567312

Without: Meaning, Usage, and Common Mistakes (2 meaning)

Meaning 1：not having (without)

without 🔊

/wɪðˈaʊt/

prep.

not having something or someone.

Without sugar: coffee mug and untouched sugar bowl on wooden table

not having 🔊

➕

/nɒt ˈhævɪŋ/

prep.

Used to indicate the absence or lack of something or someone.

📁 Category：Diet & Health 🔖 Level：Elementary

📘 Details & Usage

📖 Root Explanation

From Old English 'wiþūtan' ('wiþ' meaning 'against' + 'ūtan' meaning 'outside').

💡 Mnemonic

Think 'with-out' => you are 'out' of something, so you lack it.

📖 Example

I prefer my tea without sugar in the morning. 🔊 I prefer my tea without sugar in the morning.

🔗 Collocations

without doubt – certainly, unquestionably

without fail – reliably, every time

without question – definitely, indisputably

🔄 Synonyms

lacking (prep.) – not having enough of something

absent (adj.) – not present in a place or situation

devoid of (phrase) – completely without something

🚫 Antonyms

with (prep.) – having or including something

including (prep.) – containing as part of something

accompanied by (phrase) – together with something

📖 Cultural Story

First used before 12th century; contrasts with 'within'. Common in legal phrases like 'without prejudice' to indicate no waiver of rights.

Meaning 2：not including (without)

without 🔊

/wɪðˈaʊt/

prep.

in a way that doesn't include a particular action or feeling.

Without hesitation: two friends talking naturally on a park bench

not including 🔊

➕

/nɒt ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

prep.

Indicates that an action or feeling is not present or performed.

📁 Category：Behaviors & Actions 🔖 Level：Elementary

📘 Details & Usage

📖 Example

She shared the good news with her friend without hesitation. 🔊 She shared the good news with her friend without hesitation.

🔗 Collocations

without delay – immediately, without waiting

without warning – unexpectedly, with no prior notice

without notice – without prior announcement or indication

🔄 Synonyms

excluding (prep.) – not including someone or something

minus (prep.) – without, as in subtraction or absence

sans (prep.) – without (formal or humorous use)

🚫 Antonyms

with (prep.) – accompanied by or having something

including (prep.) – containing as part of a whole

plus (prep.) – with the addition of something