Reading Theme:
Confirmation: Definition, Usage & Examples (2 meaning)
Meaning 1：official verification (confirmation)
confirmation
/ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃn/
n.
An official message or document that tells you something is definitely arranged or true, often after you have asked for it.
official verification
➕
/əˈfɪʃl ˌvɛrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
n.
An official statement or document that something requested or planned is definite and settled.
📘 Details & Usage
📖 Root Explanation
From Latin 'confirmare' (con- 'together' + firmare 'to strengthen').
💡 Mnemonic
Con-FIRM-ation. It's the act of making something FIRM or certain.
📖 Example
I just received the confirmation email for our hotel booking in Paris.
I just received the official verification email for our hotel booking in Paris.
🔗 Collocations
confirmation email – An email that officially verifies a transaction or booking.
confirmation code – A unique sequence of characters used to verify an identity or transaction.
booking confirmation – Official acknowledgment that a reservation has been secured.
🔄 Synonyms
verification (n.) – The process of establishing the truth or accuracy of something.
endorsement (n.) – An act of giving one's public approval or support.
validation (n.) – Official confirmation or proof that something is valid or acceptable.
🚫 Antonyms
cancellation (n.) – The act of deciding that an organized event will not happen.
rejection (n.) – The dismissing or refusing of a proposal, idea, etc.
🌱 Derivatives
confirm (v.) – To establish the truth or correctness of something.
confirmative (adj.) – Serving to confirm or verify.
confirmatory (adj.) – Providing support for the truth or certainty of something.
📖 Cultural Story
The term derives from Latin 'confirmare,' meaning 'to strengthen, make firm, establish.' It entered English via Old French around the 14th century. In religious contexts, especially Christianity, 'Confirmation' is a sacrament that strengthens one's faith.
Meaning 2：corroborating evidence (confirmation)
confirmation
/ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃn/
n.
The action of proving that something is true or correct, or making a belief or feeling stronger.
corroborating evidence
➕
/kəˌrɒbəˈreɪtɪŋ ˈɛvɪdəns/
n.
Evidence, proof, or an event that strengthens a belief, theory, or feeling, making it more certain.
📘 Details & Usage
📖 Example
The discovery of water on Mars was a major confirmation of the scientists' long-held theory.
The discovery of water on Mars was a major piece of corroborating evidence for the scientists' long-held theory.
🔗 Collocations
confirmation bias – The tendency to search for or interpret information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs.
seek confirmation – To look for evidence or proof to support an idea.
final confirmation – The last piece of evidence needed to conclusively prove something.
🔄 Synonyms
corroboration (n.) – Evidence that confirms or supports a statement, theory, or finding.
substantiation (n.) – The action of providing evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
validation (n.) – The action of checking or proving the validity or accuracy of something.
🚫 Antonyms
refutation (n.) – The action of proving a statement or theory to be wrong or false.
disproof (n.) – Evidence or an argument that establishes that something is false.
Wordbook
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